小干扰RNA干扰大鼠神经元Nogo受体mRNA表达的实验研究

目的观察大鼠Nogo受体(NgR)特异性小干扰RNA(small interfering RNA,siRNA)在原代神经元干扰其mRNA表达的效果。方法体外培养大鼠原代皮层和海马细胞,应用阳离子脂质体转染试剂转染4对化学合成的大鼠NgR特异性siRNA,72h后提取细胞总RNA,实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测NgR mRNA表达情况。结果4对siRNA均能够下调靶基因NgR的mRNA表达水平,siNgR199、siNgR562、siNgR772和siNgR964等干扰后,NgR mRNA的表达分别为对照siRNA干扰组的6.5%、62.4%、15.2%和6.86%,与对照siRNA干扰组比较有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论化学合成的NgR特异性siRNA能够有效的干扰大鼠原代皮层和海马细胞内NgR基因mRNA的表达水平。     

纳米钙补肾中药对骨质疏松症大鼠肠黏膜中 1，25(OH)2D3受体的mRNA和蛋白表达影响

目的研究骨质疏松症大鼠肠黏膜中维生素1,25(OH)2D3受体的mRNA和蛋白表达,揭示骨质疏松症的发病机制;同时,阐述纳米钙补肾中药的调节作用机制。方法切除大鼠双侧卵巢的方法复制骨质疏松症模型,采用纳米钙组及具有益肾填精、补钙壮骨作用的纳米钙补肾中药(大、中、小)剂量对实验大鼠治疗12周,以骨疏康颗粒剂、雌二醇(E2)及钙尔奇D600作为阳性对照组,正常大鼠和模型空白组为空白对照组;用PCR法、Western印迹法检测骨质疏松症大鼠肠黏膜中维生素1,25(OH)2D3受体的mRNA和蛋白表达。结果RT-PCR及Western方法检测,正常大鼠肠黏膜中含有维生素1,25(OH)2D3受体的mRNA和蛋白表达;模型空白组大鼠肠黏膜组织中的mRNA和蛋白表达水平有明显的下降。纳米钙、纳米钙补肾中药各剂量组、钙尔奇D600组、骨疏康和雌二醇E2组用药后12周,与模型空白组比较,可不同程度上调肠黏膜组织中的mRNA和蛋白表达水平。但其中各治疗用药组的效果有所不同,一般表现为纳米钙补肾中药剂量组作用较好。结论①正常大鼠肠黏膜组织可以在基因、蛋白水平表达维生素1,25(OH)2D3受体,而且在肠钙吸收中可能起到重要作用。②大鼠骨质疏松症的发生,与肠黏膜组织中维生素1,25(OH)2D3受体的mRNA和蛋白表达的变化有关,从而影响肠钙的吸收。③纳米钙补肾中药通过调控大鼠肠黏膜维生素1,25(OH)2D3受体的mRNA和蛋白表达,促进肠钙的吸收,对于骨质疏松症有一定的防治作用。     

Toll样受体与移植免疫

Toll样受体在启动细胞固有免疫应答中发挥重要作用，并参与同种移植物的免疫识别，进一步研究固有免疫如何影响器官移植可能有助于改进对移植受体的治疗。本文就Toll样受体家族及其配体、传导通路在移植免疫中的作用等进行综述。     

IGF-1R硫代反义寡核苷酸抗人肝癌裸鼠原位移植瘤的研究

目的探讨IGF-1R硫代反义寡核苷酸（IGF-1R APSODN）对人肝癌裸鼠原位移植瘤的治疗效果及毒性作用。方法构建40只人肝癌裸鼠原位移植瘤模型，设溶剂对照组、IGF-1R APSODN（75，50，25mg／kg）三剂量组及氟尿嘧啶阳性对照组，各组裸鼠静脉给药25次，用药期间监测裸鼠体重变化，实验结束后行全血分析，肝肿瘤体积、重量测量，计算抑瘤率，病理组织学检查。重复实验一次。结果两次实验IGF-1R APSODN各剂量组肝肿瘤体积和重量均小于溶剂对照组，其中75mg／kg组抑瘤率分别为76．36％、71．81％，50mg／kg组抑瘤率分别为55．65％、61．74％，25mg／kg组抑瘤率分别为47．72％、50．34％。结论IGF-1R APSODN是一种高效、低毒的抗肝癌生物学药物。     

异丙酚对脂多糖诱导大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞Toll样受体-4 mRNA表达的影响

目的 观察异丙酚对脂多糖（LPS）诱导大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞Toll样受体-4（TLR-4）mRNA表达的影响，探讨异丙酚抑制LPS诱导白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF—α）产生的机制。方法 雄性Wistar大鼠32只，处死后分离腹腔巨噬细胞，随机分为4组（n=8）：A组（阴性对照组）；B组LPS（终浓度为1μg／ml）／加入巨噬细胞中；C组LPS（终浓度为1μg／ml）＋异丙酚（终浓度为1μg／ml）加入巨噬细胞中；D组LPS（终浓度为1μg／ml）＋异丙酚（终浓度为5μg／ml）加入巨噬细胞中。细胞培养12h后。用ELISA方法检测培养上清液中IL-6、TNF-α的浓度，用RT-PCR方法检测TLR-4mRNA的表达水平。结果 与A组相比，B组IL-6、TNF-α和TLR-4m RNA水平均增加，C组IL-6、TLR-4m RNA水平升高（P〈0．01）；与B组相比，C组、D组IL-6、TNF-α和TLR-4m RNA水平降低（P〈0．05或〈0．01）。结论 异丙酚通过下调TLR-4m RNA的表达水平，从而一定程度上抑制了LPS诱导大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞，TNF-α和IL-6的产生。     

小剂量纳洛酮对丁丙诺啡术后镇痛中恶心、呕吐的影响

丁丙诺啡为阿片受体部分激动拮抗药,用于术后镇痛具有良好的效果,但恶心、呕吐发生率较高。小剂量纳洛酮复合丁丙诺啡行患者自控静脉镇痛（PCIA）可明显降低恶心、呕吐的发生率,现报道如下。     

良性前列腺增生症手术治疗和长期应用α受体阻滞剂多沙唑嗪治疗的对比研究

良性前列腺增生症（BPH）的外科手术治疗与药物治疗的比较研究并不多见，在此Dutkiewiez S进行了这样一项对比研究[Mater Med Pol，1995，27（4）：151—152]。此研究采用外科手术治疗6个月后良性前列腺增生症（BPH）患者（1组）同使用多沙唑嗪治疗3年的BPH患者（2组）对比。外科手术提供了更好的尿流量参数指标、残余尿量和梗阻症状得分（完全缓解），而且，尿流率正常化在多沙唑嗪之上。多沙唑嗪组具有更高的前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）水平，可以由该组的前列腺体积更大解释。相对于多沙唑嗪组，     

阿片受体在异氟醚延迟预处理减轻兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤中的作用

Objective To investigate the role of opioid receptors in the protective effects of isoflurane-induced delayed preconditioning against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rabbits. Methods Forty male New Zealand white rabbits weighing 2.0-2.5 kg were randomly assigned into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (S); group II I/R; group Ⅲ isoflurane + I/R (Iso) and group IV Iso + naloxone + I/R (Nal). Myocardial I/R was induced by 40 min occlusion of left anterior descending branch (LAD) of coronary artery followed by 120 min reperfusion. In group Ⅲ (Iso) 2% isoflurane in 100% O2 was inhaled for 2 h and I/R was produced 24 h later. In group IV (Nal) naloxone 6 mg/kg was given iv 10 min before 2 h of 2% isoflurane inhalation and I/R was produced 24 h later. At the end of 120 min reperfusion, infarct size (IS) and area at risk (AAR) were determined by Evan's blue and TTC staining. Myocardial ultrastructure was examined by electron microscopy. The phosphorylated p38MAPK protein expression in myocardium was determined by Western blot. Results The IS was significantly smaller in group Iso ( Ⅲ ) ( 19.7% ± 2.8%) than in I/R group ( II ) (37.8% ±1.7%) (P<0.05). The phosphorylated p38MAPK protein expression in myocardium was significantly lower in group Iso than in group I/R. Microscopic examination showed less myocardial damage in Iso group than in group I/R. The protective effects of delayed preconditioning by isoflurane was prevented by naloxone pretreatment. ConclusionOpioid receptors may be involved in the protective effects of delayed preconditioning by isoflurane against myocardial I/R injury.     

活化性杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体阳性的NK细胞对靶细胞的杀伤作用

Objective To study the killing effects of the killer cell immunoglobutin-like receptors (KIR) KIR2DS1-positive natural killer (NK) cells against acute, myeloid leukemia (AML) target cells, and to explore the KIR, human leucocyte antigen-Cw, and Cw loci (HLA-Cw) of NK cells, and, HLA-Cw of target cells mismatches destruction mechanism. Methods High-purified NK cells separated by DNYAL bead negative selection from healthy donor peripheral blood were taken as effector cells, and the freshly isolated bone marrow mononuclear cells from newly diagnosed AML patients as target cells. The anti-CD158a, CD158b monoclonal antibody was used to block inhibitory KLR receptors of NK cells (such as: KIR2DL1, KIR2DL2, KIR2DL3). The NK cells cytotoxicities against target cells before and after KIR blockades were detected by MTT reduction assay in vitro. Polymerase chain reaction and sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) genotyping techniques were used to detect HLA-Cw, KIR gene of the healthy donors and patients. NK cells and target cells were divided into group C1 (expressing HLA-Cw 01, 03, 07, 08, 12, 14, 16 alleles), C2 group (expressing HLA-Cw 02, 04, 05, 06, 15, 17, 18 alleles) and the C1/C2 group (co-expressing the alleles in C1 group and C2 group) based on HLA-Cw. Results The purity of NK cells analyzed by flow cytometry was (90.8±6.08)%, and the killing effects of NK cells were significantly enhanced after inhibitory KIR blockades (t=-3.00, P=0.005). The cell lysis in C1 group, KIR2DS1+ NK cells against C2 group target cells (57.37±1.40)% was significantly higher than that against C1 group (44.19±4.67) % and C1/C2 group (36.77±6.56)% target cells (F= 11.87, P = 0.021), furthermore the differences in cell lysis among the above three groups become more evident after the inhibitory KIR blockades (F = 18. 72, P=0. 009). Conclusions The activity of NK cells was increased after the inhibitory KIR blockades, and the killing activities of KIR2DS1+ NK cells were higher than KIR2DS1 NK cells. The incompatibility between KIR, HLA-Cw of NK cells and HLA-Cw of target cells mediated NK alloactivation, realizing "missing self" recognition, and enabling NK cells cytotoxieity against targets.     

汉族人维生素D受体基因Tm Ⅰ和FokⅠ多态性与腰椎间盘退变的关系

[目的]探讨汉族人维生素D受体（vitamin D receptor，VDR）基因多态性与腰椎间盘退变（lumbar disc degeneration，LDD）的关系。[方法]收集182例汉族人静脉血标本和腰椎MRI，其中对照组101例，病例组81例。用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism，PCR-RFLP）法测定2组标本的VDR基因TruⅠ和FokⅠ酶切位点多态性；根据MRI显示的信号差异按Schneiderman分级法确定各个体腰椎间盘的退变程度，分无、轻、中、重4组。分析病例对照组中基因型、等位基因频率的分布规律，分析其中小于45岁（包括45岁）者基因型及基因频率分布与椎间盘退变程度的关系。[结果]对照组中FokⅠ和Tru Ⅰ的等位基因频率分布为：F59．4％，f40．6％和T79．2％，t20．8％；病例组中FokⅠ和TurⅠ等位基因频率的分布为：F53．7％，f46．3％和T80．9％，t19．1％，二组中的分布差别无统计学意义，P〉0．05；在MRI分组中VDR基因TruⅠ和FokⅠ酶切位点的基因型和等位基因频率在组中分布差异也无显著性，P〉0．05。[结论]VDR基因Tru Ⅰ和FokⅠ酶切位点多态性和汉族人LDD无关。