单腔中心静脉导管留置引流治疗结核性胸膜渗液的临床观察及护理

2002年8月-2003年8月，我科对15例患有结核性胸膜渗液的患者应用单腔中心静脉导管留置引流进行治疗．发现该治疗方法具有安全、有效、引流彻底、病程短等特点．现将其应用及护理报告如下。     

超声引导经锁骨下静脉穿刺中心静脉置管术的应用

目的探讨超声实时监视下经锁骨下静脉穿刺中心静脉置管术的应用价值。方法将278例行锁骨下静脉穿刺中心静脉置管术患者随机分为对照组（148例）和观察组（130例）。观察组于超声引导下置管，对照组采用传统盲穿法置管a比较两组置管一次成功率及并发症发生率。结果观察组一次成功率（100．0％）显著高于对照组为（90．5％），（P〈0.01）；观察组并发症发生率显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论超声引导下行锁骨下静脉穿刺中心静脉置管术可同步动态观察局部解剖结构及操作过程，其效果显著优于传统盲插法。     

舒适护理在浅静脉穿刺术中的应用与观察

目的提高行浅静脉穿刺术病人的舒适度。方法选择行浅静脉穿刺术的病人,随机分为实验组及对照组,分别给予舒适护理法及常规护理法,并进行疼痛程度调查。结果两组病人对行浅静脉穿刺术的疼痛程度存在差异(P<0.01)。结论舒适护理法可提高行浅静脉穿刺术病人的舒适度。     

吻合血管的腓骨移植治疗儿童先天性胫骨假关节8例

运用吻合血管的腓骨移植治疗2－6岁儿童先天性胫骨假关节，经3－10年的随访愈合较好。本术式是治疗儿童先天性胫骨假关节的较好方法，有效防止了肢体病残的发生，年龄较大患儿需结合其他方法矫正畸形，恢复患肢功能。     

胰液、胆汁内引流预防胰腺吻合口漏22例

本组共22例。其中男17例，女5例。年龄32～74岁，平均49．7岁。临床诊断：壶腹癌8例，胆管下端癌7例，十二指肠癌2例，胰头癌5例。施保留幽门胰十二指肠切除术17例，非保留幽门胰十二指肠切除术5例。手术方法：本组均按Child法进行消化道重建。均经小肠系膜根部后方十二指肠水平段切除后坠道提取空脑进行胰腺空肠套人式吻合，套入深度2cm。胰空肠后壁吻合3层．保证空肠壁与胰腺紧密贴合．不留腔隙。选择一根约30cm长的细硅胶管，与胰管口径匹配．该管一端剪2～3个侧孔，插入胰管     

避免静脉配药差错的两点改进

静脉配药是护理工作中比较普遍的一项操作。以往是将输液单按床号横向排列 ,按输液顺序将输液瓶排列在输液单后面 ,准备配置的药物分别放在对应的输液瓶旁边。一些禁饮食及外科术后需要大量补液的病人 ,往往是多瓶液体、多种药物罗列在桌面上。这样不但容易与邻近病人的药物混淆 ,而且要占用护士大部分交接班时间来进行药物核对。另外 ,一张张输液单摆放在治疗台上 ,常容易被风吹散 ,被水、药物打湿而字迹模糊。我科在临床工作中将以上两种情况进行了改进 ,并在全院各科进行推广。自 1998年 7月实施至今 ,普遍反映良好 ,无 1例发生药物混乱 …     

不同液体术前急性高容量血液稀释对深静脉血栓病人血液流变学的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of acute hypervolemic hemodilution (AHH) with different fluids on blood rheology in patients with deep vein (femoral and iliac) thrombosis. Methods Thirty ASA I or II patients aged 40-64 yr who had developed deep vein thrombosis in 48 h and were scheduled for embolectomy were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 10 each) ; group I normal saline (NS) ; group II 6 % HES 200/0.5 ( HES) ; group IE gelofusine (GEL). AHH was performed with normal saline, 6% HES or gelofusine infusion at 20 ml·kg-1 ·h-1 for 40 min. MAP, HR and SpO2 were monitored. Blood loss, volume of blood transfusion and fluid infused and urine output during operation were recorded. Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl 3-5 fig/kg, etomidate 0.15-0.30 mg/kg, propofol 1-2 mg/kg and succinylcholine 1-2 mg/kg and maintained with 2% isoflurane and propofol infusion at 5-8 mg·kg-1·h-1 and intermittent iv boluses of vecuronium. The patients were mechanically ventilated (VT 8 ml/kg, RR 12 bpm). PaO2 and PaCO2 were maintained within normal range. Venous blood samples were obtained before and after AHH for measurement of hematocrit (Hct), whole blood viscocity (WBV) at low or high shear rates, plasma viscosity, RBC aggregation and RBC deformation. RBC aggregation index and RBC deformation index were calculated. Results MAP and HR were stable in all patients. The amount of blood transfusion and fluid infused was significantly less in group HES and GEL than in group NS. The WBV at low or high shear rates in group HES and GEL, Hct in all 3 groups and RBC aggregation index in group HES were significantly decreased after AHH, but the RBC deformation index was significantly increased in group HES. Conclusion Colloid is better than crystalloid and HES is better than gelofusine in improving intraoperative hypercoagulability and sluggish blood flow.     

下肢深静脉完全胃肠外营养的护理探讨

目的：完全胃肠外营养为不能从胃肠道摄入的各类重病人补充营养物质和治疗。方法：从股静脉或大隐静脉将硅胶送至下腔静脉，利用此管道输注高能营养液。特点：下肢深静脉ＴＰＮ既方便了护理操作，且减轻了患者的恐惧心理。