减轻气道吸痰对动物呼吸道黏膜损伤的实验研究

目的 通过实验研究探讨减轻气道吸痰对动物呼吸道黏膜损伤的方法.方法 将44只灰毛兔随机分为5组对照组(N组)4只、手术组(S组)10只、手术 吸痰组(T组)10只、手术 盐水组(Y组)10只、手术 盐水 吸痰组(X组)10只.使用常规方法对气管切开后的家兔进行气管吸痰,在手术后7d和14d取其气管黏膜,使用光镜和电镜观察其组织形态学改变.结果 将各组黏膜损伤情况进行分级后并加以对比发现,在各时间段内,各组呼吸道感染及受损严重程度排列如下T组＞S组＞X组＞Y组＞N组;除N组和Y组外,其余各组均表现为吸痰时间越长,感染、黏膜受损程度越重.结论 足量补液对气管黏膜具有明显的保护作用,可以减轻气道吸痰对动物呼吸道黏膜的损伤.     

1例迟发性运动障碍患者的护理

迟发性运动障碍（tardive dy skinesia，TD）是精神科药物不良反应的一种严重的表现形式，目前发病机理不明，有人认为与γ氨基丁酸（GABA）功能减退、自由基和抗精神病药的神经毒性作用有关，该症目前较少见。随着新型非典型抗精神病药物的临床应用，我科于2005年4月出现了1例严重TD患者，在药物治疗的同时立即制订了相应的护理计划，经加强营养支持、镇静、营养神经治疗和生理、心理上的整体护理，对患者的康复起到了良好的作用，现报道如下。     

急诊病人院内安全转运的护理

急诊病人大多是外伤或各种意外伤害的重症病人,常因诊断、治疗的需要进行院内转运,而在院内转运过程中,常常会增加并发症甚至造成病人死亡,给病人带来了重大损失,埋下了医疗纠纷的隐患.对此,做好急诊病人院内安全转运的护理,对病人的诊断、治疗和预后有着至关重要的作用.现将我科2005年1月-2006年6月就诊的8 940例急诊病人转运中的护理措施报告如下.     

初诊2型糖尿病21例短期胰岛素强化治疗对胰岛B细胞功能的影响分析

2型糖尿病(T 2DM)是一种缓慢进展性疾病,胰岛B细胞功能衰竭是糖尿病病程发展的主要驱动力。本文旨在观察短期胰岛素强化治疗对初诊T 2DM患者血糖良好控制的同时,对胰岛B细胞功能的影响。1临床资料1.1一般资料选择2003-01~206-01内分泌科住院的根据WHO 1999年标准新诊断的T 2DM 21例,其中男15例,女6例,平均年龄(51±7)岁。空腹血糖(FPG)≥11.1 mm o l/L,糖化血红蛋白(HbA 1c)≥9%。1.2方法(1)入院后单纯饮食控制3 d,每日碳水化合物量>150 g/d,且维持正常活动,实验前1 d 20:00后禁食,于次日7:00~9:00空腹进行实验。空腹抽血测HbA 1c…     

氨曲南与4种氨基糖苷类药物对革兰氏阴性菌抗菌活性比较

氨曲南是一类全合成窄谱β内酰胺类抗生素，对革兰氏阴性菌有较强的抗菌活性。由于其具有肾毒性低、免疫原性弱等特点，可用于替代氨基糖苷类药物，治疗肾功能损害者的需氧革兰氏阴性菌感染。对于肾功能完好患者，氨曲南与氨基糖苷类药物相比是否具有更好的临床意义。本文从抗菌活性方面对两者进行对比。     

L-carnitine alleviates sciatic nerve crush injury in rats：functional and electron microscopy assessments

Several studies have demonstrated that L-carnitine exhibits neuroprotective effects on injured sciatic nerve of rats with diabetes mellitus. It is hypothesized that L-carnitine exhibits neuro-protective effects on injured sciatic nerve of rats. Rat sciatic nerve was crush injured by a forceps and exhibited degenerative changes. After intragastric administration of 50 and 100 mg/kg L-carnitine for 30 days, axon area, myelin sheath area, axon diameter, myelin sheath diameter, and numerical density of the myelinated axons of injured sciatic nerve were similar to normal, and the function of injured sciatic nerve also improved signiifcantly. These ifndings suggest that L-carnitine exhibits neuroprotective effects on sciatic nerve crush injury in rats.     

Targeted thrombolysis strategies for neuroprotective effect

Stroke is usually treated by systemic thrombolytic therapy if the patient presents within an appropriate time window. There is also widespread interest in the development of thrombolytic agents that can be used in cases of delayed presentation. Current agents that can be used in cases of delayed presentation of nerve damage by thrombus. Current systemic thrombolytic therapy is associated with adverse effects such as fibrinogenolysis and bleeding. In an attempt to increase the efficacy, safety, and specificity of thrombolytic therapy, a number of targeted thrombolytic agents have been studied in recent years. This review focuses on the concepts underlying targeted thrombolytic therapy and describes recent drug developments in this field.     

Analgesic effect of intrathecal bumetanide is accompanied by changes in spinal sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter 1 and potassium-chloride co-transporter 2 expression in a rat model of incisional pain

Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter 1 and potassium-chloride co-transporter 2 have a role in the modulation of pain transmission at the spinal level through chloride regulation in the pain pathway and by effecting neuronal excitability and pain sensitization. The present study aimed to investigate the analgesic effect of the speciifc sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter 1 inhibitor bumetanide, and the change in spinal sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter 1 and potassium-chloride co-transporter 2 expression in a rat model of incisional pain. Results showed that intrathecal bumetanide could decrease cumulative pain scores, and could increase thermal and mechanical pain thresholds in a rat model of incisional pain. Sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter 1 expression in-creased in neurons from dorsal root ganglion and the deep laminae of the ipsilateral dorsal horn following incision. By contrast, potassium-chloride co-transporter 2 expression decreased in neurons of the deep laminae from the ipsilateral dorsal horn. These ifndings suggest that spinal sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter 1 expression was up-regulated and spinal potassi-um-chloride co-transporter 2 expression was down-regulated following incision. Intrathecal bumetanide has analgesic effects on incisional pain through inhibition of sodium-potassi-um-chloride co-transporter 1.     

婴儿抚触研究进展

从婴儿抚触的概念、生理机制、作用、要求、方法、影响实施的因素等多个方面，综述了婴儿抚触的研究进展。