基于子宫内膜异位症与恶性肿瘤的相关性探析补肾化瘀法作用机制及中医理论依据

子宫内膜异位症其异位内膜组织虽然在形态学上呈良性表现，却具有类似恶性肿瘤的生物学特性。中医学一般认为，“正虚伏邪”为恶性肿瘤的病机特点；那么，肾虚血瘀既属于“正虚伏邪”的范畴，又体现了EMs发病学和疾病发生、发展过程中的主要特点。在“病证相应”的中医治则之下，补肾化瘀法的临床疗效主要表现为：缓解痛经症状、提高受孕率，以及调整月经周期。本文基于EMs与恶性肿瘤的相关性，通过分析补肾化瘀法治疗EMs的理论依据及其抑制异位内膜侵袭的调控机制，主要包括解除免疫抑制、阻断局部微血管新生等，旨在阐明其疗效显著的原因，为临床推广提供可靠的基础研究证据。     

颈动脉狭窄支架成形术能替代内膜剥脱术吗?

颈动脉分叉处独特的血流动力学特征决定了该处是动脉粥样硬化最易发生的部位，造成管径的狭窄而导致脑组织远端血流动力学性梗死。另外，沿颈动脉球内侧壁的血流保持层流，有着很高的流速和很强的剪切力，而其外侧壁处血流的分离、停滞、湍流和复杂震荡的剪切力都可引起动脉粥样硬化性斑块的脱落。因此，颈动脉粥样硬化性狭窄是导致卒中发生的主要原因之一（占卒中发生的10％～20％），对其治疗是多年来受全球关注的热点。     

卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿粘连程度及相关因素分析

Objective To investigate the relationship between degree of endometrioma adhesions and clinical feature, surgical treatment and postoperative recurrence. Methods From Jan 2003 to Mar 2008, 662 patients with endometrioma undergoing laparoscopic ovarian endometrioma excision in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were studied retrospectively. All patients were classified into four groups according to the extent of adhesions: 31 cases in none adhesions group, 123 cases in mild adhesions group (filmy thickness, avascular, easily separated adhesions), 310 cases in moderate adhesions group (less than a half of ovary was adjacent to dense thickness adhesions which was difficult to separate, or above a half of ovary were adjacent to filmy thickness adhesions) and 198 cases in severe adhesions group (above a half of ovary was adjacent to dense thickness, well vascularized adhesions which was difficult to separate, and always involved the other pelvic organs, observed angiogenesis). The comparison of degree, characteristics, period of pain, lab test, surgical management and postoperative recurrence was performed among those above groups. In the mean time, risk factors and multinomial logistic regression were analyzed. Results (1)Clinical characteristics: The incidence of patients with dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, straining feeling in anus, chronic pelvic pain and the level of CA125 (>35 kU/L) was remarkably higher in moderate-to-severe adhesion groups than in none-to-mild adhesions groups (P=0.000, 0.000, 0.001, 0.006 and 0.000, respectively). Infertility rate were significantly higher in severe adhesions group(15.7%,31/198) than none adhesions group(3.2%,1/31), mild adhesions group(11.4%,14/123) and moderate adhesions group(9.7%,30/310, OR=1.728, P<0.05).(2)Operating time and blood loss: Operating time of each groups was as followed: (37±15) min in none adhesions group, (42±19) min in mild adhesions group, (50±20) min in moderate adhesions group and (63±22) min in severe adhesion group. Blood loss was (23±12) ml in none adhesion group, (31±27) ml in mild adhesion group, (40±32) ml in moderate adhesion group and (70±67) ml in severe adhesions group. Thicker adhesions result in longer operation time and more blood loss. (3)Combined with other disease: The ratio of patients who combined with adenomyosis or deeply infiltrating endometriosis in moderate-to-severer adhesion groups was higher than patients in none-to-mild adhesions groups (OR=3.466, P=0.000). (4) Postoperative recurrence: It was categorized into recurrence of pain and cyst. Moderate-to-severe adhesions was related to higher recurrence rate of pain (OR=1.685,P=0.046), but was irrelevant to recurrence of cyst. Conclusion The more extent of endometrioma adhesions was related to severer pelvic pain symptoms, longer operating time and more blood loss. Postoperative pain recurrence rate was observed in moderate-to-severe adhesion group. Extent of adhesions was irrelevant to cyst recurrence.     

锁骨下静脉置管异位6例分析及护理对策

ICU经常选择锁骨下静脉作为快速补液，金胃肠外营养（TPN）、CVP监测的主要途径，锁骨下静脉穿刺成功率高、并发症少，易于固定、不易污染税出或折断，床上发颈部活动影响小．但在临床应用中也会碰到各种问题及并发症，其中导管异位是常见问题之一．导管异位使导管并发症的风险发生率增加、并在临床观察中造成某些假象，现将我院综合ICU近两年来发生的锁骨下静脉穿刺置管异位6例分析报告如下     

甲氨喋呤治疗异位妊娠25例疗效分析

近年来．异位妊娠发生率逐年升高，且年龄逐渐年轻化，所以在治疗异位妊娠时要求保守治疗的患者越来越多。目前药物治疗越来越为人们所采用，药物治疗异位妊娠有很大进展。最常用的药物是甲氨喋呤（MTX），现国外已广泛应用于临床，治疗方法有静脉注射、腹腔镜或阴道超声引导下的局部注射等。我院妇产科采用MTX单次肌内注射治疗异位妊娠取得良好效果，报告如下。     

沙利度胺对鼠子宫内膜异位病灶血管生成作用的研究

目的:探讨沙利度胺(thalidomide)对子宫内膜异位症(endometriosis,EMs)病灶生长和血管生成的影响,为从抗血管途径治疗EMs提供依据.方法:将EMs患者在位子宫内膜种植于重度复合性免疫缺陷病(severe combined immunodeficiency disease, SCID)小鼠皮下,建立EMs鼠模型.接种后第3周给予治疗,治疗组(n=10)腹腔注射沙利度胺50mg/kg/d,对照组(n=10)腹腔注射等体积PBS,连用14d;每隔3d测量异位病灶体积一次;病灶组织采用免疫组化法测定病灶微血管密度(microvessel density,MVD)及血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达.结果:SCID小鼠皮下种植内异症模型内膜存活率高且观察方便;治疗组病灶体积增长有缩小趋势,但与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);治疗组MVD显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);治疗组和对照组VEGF的表达差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:沙利度胺对EMs异位病灶的血管生成有明显抑制作用;抑制VEGF的表达可能不是沙利度胺抑制EMs血管生成的主要原因.     

氨甲蝶呤肌肉注射治疗未破宫外孕32例

近年来国内外报道输卵管内注射氨甲蝶呤 (MTX)治疗未破裂的输卵管妊娠 ,多是在腹腔镜、宫腔镜或阴道探头超声引导下进行的。这种治疗方法需要一定的设备和技术力量 ,是基层医院所达不到的。我们通过肌肉注射 MTX治疗32例未破裂宫外孕 ,效果良好 ,现报告如下。1　资料与方法1.1　一般资料　我院在 1995年 5月—2 0 0 2年 10月结合临床症状、体征、血HCG检测和超声探查等项检查筛选出早期宫外孕 32例进行治疗与观察。患者年龄 2 0岁～ 31岁 ,平均 2 5 .2岁 ,均为已婚 ,妊娠天数最短 36天 ,最长 72天 ,病灶直径最小 4 cm,最大 7cm。1.2　治…     

醋酸甲孕酮和内美通治疗子宫内膜异位症的疗效和安全性比较

目的:比较醋酸甲孕酮(DMPA)和内美通治疗子宫内膜异位症(简称内异症)的疗效和安全性.方法:将47例内异症患者随机分为两组,A组24例于月经来潮第1～5天肌注DMPA 150 mg,之后每30 d重复1次,连续注射6次;B组23例于月经第1天开始服用内美通,每周2次,每次2.5 mg,连用6个月.观察治疗前后症状、体征、卵巢异位囊肿大小、血清肿瘤抗原(CA125)及性激素水平变化以及副反应情况.结果:用药后两组患者总主观症状评分明显下降,卵巢异位囊肿明显缩小,两组有效率均为100%,两组间疗效差异无显著性,血清CA125及性激素水平明显下降,两组均无严重副反应发生.结论:两种药物治疗内异症均安全有效,DMPA更适合于内异症的长期治疗,尤其适用于不能负担昂贵医疗费的患者.     

异位妊娠非手术治疗95例临床分析

异位妊娠发生率逐年上升,国外异位妊娠与正常妊娠之比由1970年的1:222上升至1995年的1:51,国内则由1:167~322上升至1:56~63,是早期孕妇死亡的主要原因。治疗上有手术和非手术两种,而非手术治疗有药物治疗及期待治疗两种。2004年1月~2005年10月本院采用非手术治疗105例异位妊娠,     

导位妊娠病因分析及早期诊断

目的探讨异位妊娠的发病原因及早期诊断方法.方法回顾性分析1996年1月至2002年12月收治的228例异位妊娠.结果228例中有人流史66例(28.95%),宫内节育器45例(19.73%),剖宫产史15例(6.58%),女性绝育术史4 8例(21.05%).有停经、阴道流血、腹痛症状者110例(48.25%),后穹窿穿刺术阳性193例(84.65%),B超诊断阳性率为67.1%,尿HCG阳性率为100%.结论异位妊娠发病可能有与宫内节育器的应用、绝育术史、人工流产史、剖宫产术有关.停经、阴道流血、腹痛为异位妊娠三大症状,后穹隆穿刺是诊断该病行之有效的手段.B超检查、尿HCG测定对异位妊娠诊断有重要意义.