葛根素对卡那霉素耳中毒小鼠耳蜗核因子-κB p50活性的影响

目的观察葛根素对卡那霉素(KM)耳中毒小鼠耳蜗核因子(NF)-κB p50活性的影响,探讨葛根素对KM耳毒性发挥防护作用的机制。方法 BALB/c小鼠随机分成四组:正常对照组,KM组,KM+葛根素组,葛根素组,各组小鼠于用药前及停药后分别测试听脑干反应(ABR)以进行正常BALB/c小鼠的筛选及听力损伤后听阈的测定。停药后测试完ABR通过Western印迹检测各组NF-κB p50的表达水平。结果 KM组连续用药14 d后,不同频率的ABR阈值和NF-κB p50的表达水平明显提高,而且与正常对照组比较差异显著(P0.01);KM+葛根素组虽然用药后不同频率的ABR阈值和NF-κB p50的表达水平也比正常对照组高,但较KM组明显降低;正常对照组和葛根素组在整个用药期间不同频率的ABR阈值和NF-κB p50的表达水平无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 NF-κB p50参与了KM的耳毒性,葛根素通过下调NF-κB p50进而拮抗了KM的耳毒性。     

两种肠道条件致病菌同时引起的喉部感染一例

1病例资料患者女,18岁,因反复声嘶2年余,加重1月,于2010年8月2日入院。2年前感冒后出现声嘶,伴咳嗽,咳痰,痰为黄色不易咳出;无发热盗汗、腹痛腹泻、恶心呕吐、呼吸困难,院外抗炎治疗后病情稍好转;此后上述症状反复发作,均予以抗炎治疗后好转。于1月前再次发生声嘶,经抗炎治疗一周无效而收入院。入院体检:咽部无充血,双扁桃体无肿大,全身浅表淋巴结及肝、脾未触及肿大;频闪喉     

莫入药名的误区

带有霉素字样的药品，如青霉素、链霉素、四环素、土霉素、白霉素、麦迪霉素、先锋霉素、卡那霉素、罗红霉素等等，一般是用作治疗细菌感染性疾病的。但也不可一概而论，譬如灰黄霉素、庐山霉素则是治疗霉菌性疾病的（有一定的毒副作用），而自力霉素、争光霉素、更生霉素、阿霉素、光辉霉素、正定霉素等又是治疗肿瘤的药物。     

卡那霉互耳中毒后鹌鹑耳蜗毛细胞损伤与再生的观察

４０天龄鹌鹑连续１０天肌注卡那霉素造成耳中毒后，分别于停药后１天或１、２、３、４和６周进行听神经动作电位测试及扫描电镜观察。发现停药后１天动物毛细胞大量破坏，听功能严重受损，同时还出现了新生毛细胞。随着时间推移，新生毛细胞逐渐增多，听功能也随之改善，直至停药后第６周耳蜗形态基本恢复正常时，高频听阈仍明显高于对照组。本实验结果表明，鹌鹑听毛细胞受损后几乎可完全再生，而且再生毛细胞具有感音功能，但功能     

庆大霉素和卡那霉素耳中毒后雏鸡耳蜗毛细胞的再生

给２天龄纯种罗丝鸡分别肌注庆寺霉素（ＧＭ）和卡那霉素（ＫＭ）１０天，于停药当天、第１、２、３和４周处死小鸡，取出内耳基底乳头（ＢＰ）用扫描电镜和光镜观察，发现从ＢＰ的基底到中部有广泛性损害，毛细胞损失率约占４０％，在１周后受损部位表皮板上出现丛生的有微绒毛的再生毛细胞，随恢复期延长，再生毛细胞表面积增大，动纤毛和静纤毛束长出，３至４周受损部位已完全被发育成熟的再生毛细胞填补，ＢＰ形态恢复。     

卡那霉素致继发性远端肾小管性酸中毒一例报告

肾小管性酸中毒是一类以肾小管酸化功能障碍为主的综合征。其特点是阴离子隙不增加或正常的高氯性代谢性酸中毒,尿PH值改变与酸中毒程度无相应关系,肾小球功能基本正常。Lightwood 氏于1955年首次报道本病,我国于1958年董氏报道以来,已逐渐受到重视。我科最近收治一例卡那霉素所致的继发性肾小管性酸中毒。复习文献,尚未发现有该药引起肾小管酸中毒的报告,     

不同剂量a-硫辛酸对卡那霉素所致豚鼠耳聋后听觉诱发电位的影响

目的观察不同剂量a-硫辛酸对卡那霉素所致豚鼠耳聋后听觉诱发电位的影响。方法将豚鼠随机分为7组,给予KM400mg／（kg·d）用药,同时给予不同剂量的LA37．5～75mg／（kg·d）,应用7d,停药后观察豚鼠的一般行为;检测ABR各波潜伏期、间期及阈值改变。结果1组（正常对照组）、V组37．5mg／（kg·d）LA治疗组）～Ⅶ75rag／（kg·d）LA）组之间的各波的潜伏期、I～Ⅲ波间期及阈值的差异,无统计学意义。Ⅲ组（LA组）和Ⅳ组（25mg／（kg·d）LA治疗组）：各波的潜伏期;以及I～Ⅲ波间期稍微延长,阈值稍高,较其他组的差异,有统计学意义。结论37．5～75rag／（kg·d）LA确实能拮抗KM的耳毒性,起到保护豚鼠耳蜗毛细胞的作用。     

Treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis with amikacin through anal submucosal injection

AIM: To assess the efficacy and safety of anal submucosal injection (ASI) of amikacin in chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP). METHODS: Fifty male outpatients with CBP were randomly divided into two groups. Thirty cases of ASI group were given amikacin 400 mg daily by ASI for ten times and the other twenty cases of intramuscular injection (IM) group were given the same drug daily by IM. All patients were evaluated with NIH-Chronic prostatitis symptom index (NIH-CPSI), the bacteria culture of the expressed prostate secretion (EPS), proctoscopic examination, rectal biopsy and the clinical manifestation were checked at pretreatment and on day 7 and 90 after cessation of therapy. RESULTS: The cure rate, apparent effective rate and effective rate of ASI group and IM group were 33.3% vs 5% (P<0.05), 43.3% vs 10% (P<0.05) and 16.7% vs 20% (P>0.05), respectively. The score of NIH-CPSI in both of ASI group and IM group decreased significantly 7 days after cessation of therapy, both ASI and IM of amikacin could relieve symptoms within a short time. However, 3 months after cessation of therapy the score of NIH-CPSI in ASI group continued down in spite of no significant differences compared with 7 days after cessation of therapy, but the score of IM group was rebound nearly closed to level of pretreatment at 23.8 8.5 and significantly higher than that of ASI group. The amount of white blood cell (WBC) of EPS in ASI group increased slightly at 7 days after cessation of therapy without significant difference with pretreatment (P>0.05), but it significantly decreased at 3 months after cessation of therapy, the amount of WBC of EPS in ASI group was lower than that of IM group at 3 months after cessation of therapy (P<0.05). Proctoscopic examination of anal canal were normal after ASI therapy and the rectum biopsy showed no obvious histopathologic abnormality at the site of injection except mild focal submucosal infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells at 7 days after cessation of therapy which disappeared on 3 months after cessation of therapy. All patients had no evident complications. CONCLUSION: ASI could be recommended as a new safe, effective, painless method of antibiotics administration in the treatment of CBP.     

465例行腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者胆汁细菌培养及药敏分析

目的了解腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者胆道感染中的细菌分布及抗菌药物的敏感性.方法对465例患者术中取得的胆囊内胆汁进行细菌培养及药敏分析.结果共208例培养细菌,2例检出两种细菌,共检出210株细菌,阳性率44.7%所分离细菌以大肠埃希菌为主,其次为假单孢菌.药敏试验结果表明亚胺培南、丁胺卡那霉素、氨苄青霉素/舒巴坦、万古霉素敏感率较高.结论胆道感染细菌复杂,抗生素首选丁胺卡那霉素、氨苄青霉素/舒巴坦等价格低廉,对细菌敏感的药物.     

白武松——制贩假药“捐首”第一人

公元1992年,全国共查处假药案达17000多起,涉案金额达3亿多元. 人们在电视中见过孟凡会,这位山东的乡村医生,在1992年7月使用假"硫酸卡那霉素",致使两名患儿死亡,其中之一竟是自己的孙女.