试管婴儿孕妇的心理护理

<正>体外授精-胚胎移植技术,俗称试管婴儿,是指从活体内取出卵子和精子经体外受精、培养,分裂成2～8个分裂球或胚泡期时,再移植到女性子宫内着床,发育成胎儿分娩。我国从80年代开始后引进此项技术,随着试管婴儿技术的发展,     

异常授精对体外受精-胚胎移植结局的影响

目的:探讨异常受精对体外受精-胚胎移植结局的影响。方法:回顾性分析257个IVF-ET周期的临床资料,共3423个卵子,分析异常受精组与无异常受精、多原核受精、单原核受精、晚卵裂受精各组间年龄、获卵数、卵裂率、妊娠率、种植率等的关系。结果:各组比较年龄、卵裂率、可移植胚胎率、优质胚胎率、妊娠率、种植率、无显著性差异;获卵数、可移植胚胎数、优质胚胎数、异常受精各组均显著高于无异常受精组;2pn率显著低于无异常受精组。结论:获卵数是影响异常受精的因素之一,异常受精可能导致新鲜周期妊娠率偏低,但可移植胚胎数较高,最终可能获得更好的临床结局。     

体外受精周期中血清和卵泡液活性氧及总抗氧化能力的研究

目的探讨体外受精(IVF)周期中血清和卵泡液活性氧(ROS)及总抗氧化能力(TAC)的变化特征。方法选择进行IVF助孕的患者共245个周期,分别收集卵泡刺激前基础状态血清和取卵日血清及排卵期卵泡液,检测ROS和TAC,并分析其与相关临床特征之间的相关性。结果基础状态血清ROS值平均为(59.8±54.6)cps,取卵日血清ROS值平均为(77.5±62.3)cps,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);但TAC差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。卵泡液ROS与取卵日血清ROS、卵泡液TAC与基础状态血清TAC及取卵日TAC均呈正相关(P<0.05)。卵泡液ROS和TAC水平与患者年龄、雌二醇(E2)峰值、获卵数、峰值E2/获卵数及受精率等均无相关性,仅ROS与患者体质量指数(BMI)呈正相关(r=0.29,P=0.04)。BMI<19 kg/m2组与BMI为23～25 kg/m2组及BMI>25 kg/m2组的患者相比,卵泡液ROS显著降低(P<0.05)。结论排卵期血清ROS较早卵泡期升高,卵泡液ROS与BMI呈正相关。     

中国输卵管积水不孕患者IVF-ET术前输卵管切除预处理的必要性及安全性系统评价

目的系统评价中国输卵管积水不孕患者体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)前输卵管切除预处理的必要性及安全性。方法计算机检索CBM、VIP、CNKI(均为2000～2010.12),查找中国输卵管积水不孕患者IVF-ET术前行输卵管切除术预处理的随机对照试验(RCT)。由两位研究者按照纳入与排除标准进行文献筛选、资料提取和质量评价后,采用RevMan 5.0软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入9个RCT,涉及输卵管积水不孕患者687例、累计730个IVF-ET周期,9个RCT的质量评级均为B级。Meta分析结果显示:中国输卵管积水不孕患者在IVF-ET术前行输卵管切除术预处理,①会增加超排卵时Gn用量[WMD=1.23,95%CI(0.17,2.30),P=0.02],但同时也增加了患者受精率[RR=1.07,95%CI(1.02,1.13),P=0.006]、卵裂率[RR=1.05,95%CI(1.00,1.09),P=0.03]及临床妊娠率[RR=1.92,95%CI(1.41,2.61),P<0.0001];②能降低流产率[RR=0.34,95%CI(0.13,0.86),P=0.002];③不影响Gn的刺激天数[WMD=–0.27,95%CI(–0.59,0.06),P=0.11]、HCG日E2水平[WMD=59.15,95%CI(–9.61,127.91),P=0.09]、获卵数[WMD=–0.27,95%CI(–0.44,0.99),P=0.46]、优质胚胎率[RR=1.02,95%CI(0.91,1.14),P=0.79]及异位妊娠率[RR=0.22,95%CI(0.03,1.82),P=0.16]。结论中国输卵管积水不孕患者在行IVF-ET术前做输卵管切除术预处理是必要且安全的。但由于纳入试验的方法学质量普遍偏低,因此期待更多设计合理的大样本随机双盲对照试验以提供更多高质量的证据。     

体外受精-胚胎移植后宫内外同时妊娠14例分析

目的分析体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)术后,宫内宫外同时妊娠的好发因素、诊治及预后。方法回顾性分析接受IVF-ET治疗后的14例宫内宫外同时妊娠病例。结果 14例病例中8例有明显的盆腔炎性疾病史、1例盆腔炎性疾病史伴有双角子宫、3例盆腔炎并伴有男方畸精症、1例为男方无精症、1例为稀发排卵及男方少弱精症。14患者均B超提示宫内外同时妊娠,其中10例腹腔镜下患侧输卵管切除术、1例开腹行输卵管切除术、2例宫角妊娠分别行腹腔镜下及开腹宫角切开取胚+修补术、1例剖腹行患侧输卵管切除。术后9例宫内继续妊娠,5例宫内妊娠自然流产。结论盆腔炎性疾病是IVF-ET后宫外同时妊娠发生的主要原因;超声检查是最有效的诊断方法,及早治疗可明显改善预后;腹腔镜下输卵管切除术可能是治疗宫外同时妊娠的最佳方法。     

IVF-ET患者卵巢颗粒细胞COX-2的表达与妊娠结局的相关性研究

目的探讨体外受精-胚胎移植(in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer,IVF-ET)患者卵巢颗粒细胞中环氧合酶-2(cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2)的表达,分析其与妊娠结局的关系。方法荧光半定量real-time PCR检测48例行IVF-ET患者卵巢颗粒细胞中COX-2的mRNA表达,分析COX-2与注射hCG日血清雌二醇(estradiol,E_2)水平、获卵率、受精率、优质胚胎率及妊娠率的关系。结果卵巢颗粒细胞COX-2的表达量与hCG日血清E_2水平及获卵率无关,与受精率、优质胚胎率及妊娠率相关。结论 PCOS患者卵巢颗粒细胞COX-2的表达与胚胎质量相关,研究卵巢颗粒细胞的COX-2的表达可以作为预测IVF-ET妊娠结局指标之一。     

卵巢不同反应性在新鲜及冻融胚胎移植周期中的妊娠及并发症结局

目的对比体外受精-胚胎移植周期中卵巢不同反应性的妊娠及其并发症结局。方法回顾性分析郑州大学第一附属医院生殖中心2005年6月—2006年12月1098个获卵周期,包括716个IVF周期和382个ICSI周期。分为：卵巢高反应组（A组,n=114个）;卵巢中反应组（B组,n=770个）;卵巢低反应组（C组,n=214个）。对比3组的年龄、Gn量、受精率、卵裂率、优质胚胎率、移植胚胎数目、种植率、临床妊娠率、取消移植周期率、流产率、OHSS率、冷冻周期率及累计妊娠率等。结果①卵巢反应从高到低,平均年龄和平均Gn量随呈升高趋势,但是3组比较均无统计学差异（P〉0.05）;C组的优质胚胎率及妊娠率均显著低于A组与B组（P〈0.05）;②3组的流产率、A与C组的取消ET周期率均高于B组,但是3组比较均无显著差异（P〉0.05）;A组的中、重度OHSS率显著高于B及C组（P〈0.05）;③A组与B组的平均冷冻胚胎数、冷冻周期率、冻融妊娠率及累计妊娠率均明显高于C组（P〈0.05）。结论新鲜加冻融周期中卵巢中反应是最佳的超排卵方案;不仅累计妊娠率高而且并发症低,患者承担经济支出最低。     

超长促排卵方案在子宫腺肌病患者IVF-ET治疗中的应用

目的观察超长促排卵方案在子宫腺肌病不孕症患者体外受精—胚胎移植(IVF-ET)治疗中的应用效果。方法回顾性分析67例子宫腺肌病患者的98个IVF周期,根据控制性超促排卵(COH)方案分为短方案组(31个周期)、长方案组(35个周期)和超长方案组(32个周期),对IVF助孕疗效进行分析。结果三组间注射人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)日血E2值、获卵数、受精率、优质胚胎数、平均胚胎移植数、周期取消率比较,P均>0.05;超长方案组子宫体积在应用长效GnRH-a后明显缩小(P<0.05),超长方案组促性腺激素(Gn)天数、Gn总量、移植日子宫内膜厚度、临床妊娠率(53.3%)高于短方案(26.7%)及长方案组(29.4%),P均<0.05。结论超长促排卵方案可获得与短方案和长方案同样的获卵数、优质胚胎数,并可提高子宫腺肌病患者IVF-ET的临床妊娠率,降低早期流产率。     

Clomiphene Citrate as An Adjuvant to hMG Stimulation of the Ovaries in Mid-to-late Follicular Phase and Subsequently Pregnancy Outcome of Frozen-thawed Embryo Transfers

Objective To compare the results of a novel regimen of human menopausal gonadotrophin (hMG) in combination with clomiphene citrate (CC) in mid-to-late follicular phase with those of a short protocol of GnRH agonist (GnRHa) and hMG used for IVF. Methods In the retrospective study, 842 patients undergoing IVF were collected and classified into two groups: hMG in combination with CC in mid-to-late follicular phase (group A, n=319) and short protocol of GnRHa-hMG (group B, n=523). The main outcome measures were ovarian responses in stimulation cycles and pregnancy outcomes in subsequent frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles. Results In group A, the serum LH concentration on day 8-10 was similar with that on the day of hCG administration (2.43 ± 1.92 IU vs 2.51 ± 2.05 IU). The number of mature follicles and oocytes retrieved was significantly lower in group A than in group B while the fertilization rate and the cleavage rate were comparable. The clinical pregnancy rate (47.79% vs 48.04%), the implantation rate (32.49% vs 33.11%) and the cumulative pregnancy rate (58.09% vs 60.22%) were respectively similar in group A and group B. Conclusion hMG in combination with CC in mid-to-late follicular phase results in the same pregnancy outcome as short protocol. The novel protocol may take the advantage of eliminating the occurrence of a premature endogenous LH surge.     

Reducing the Trigger Dose of Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin Does Not Affect Final Oocyte Maturation and Subsequently Pregnancy Outcome of Frozen-thawed Embryo Transfer

To compare the efficacy of human chorionic gonadotrophin （hCG） at reduced doses of 2 000 IU and 3 000 IU for moderate or high responders with the dose of 5 000 IU in term of inducing final oocyte maturation for IVF/ICSI and the subsequent pregnancy outcome in frozen-thawed embryo transfer （FET）. Methods In the retrospective cohort study, 2 166patients undergoing IVF/ICSI with moderate or high response were recruited and classified into three groups according to the trigger dose of hCG： 2 000 IU （group A, n=722）, 3 000 IU （group B, n=722） and 5 000 IU （group C, n= 722）. The main outcome was the proportion of mature oocytes retrieved, fertilization rates, clinical pregnancy rates, cumulative pregnancy rates and incidence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome （OHSS）. Results No evidence of statistically difference was found in the proportion of mature oocytes retrieved （89.92%, 91.40%, 90.20%, respectively） and fertilization rate （79.8%, 80.07%, 80.51%, respectively） among groups A, B and C. Serum E2 level on the day of hCG injection, the number of mature oocytes retrieved and good-quality embryos in group A were significantly higher than those in group B and group C. Clinical pregnancy rates per transfer cycle （45.95%, 43.97% and 44.25%）, ongoing pregnancy rates （43.17%, 40.91% and 42,53%）, implantation rates （30, 74%, 2Z 78% and 29.86%） and cumulative pregnancy rates per patient （58.31%, 53.6% and 54.85%）A reduced hCG dose of 2 000 IUfor moderate or high responders leads