A high-yield and simplified procedure for the synthesis of α-[C]Methyl-l-tryptophan

Alpha-[¹¹C]methyl-l-tryptophan (AMT) has been synthesized by stereoselective methylation with [¹¹C]methyl iodide of the lithium-enolate generated by treating dimethyl 2(S),3a(R),8a(S)-(+)-hexahydro-8(phenylsulfonyl) pyrrolo[2,3-b]indole-1,2-dicarboxylate (2) with lithium diisopropyl amide (LDA) at −55 °C, followed by ring opening using trifluoroacetic acid and alkaline hydrolysis of the protecting groups. The crude product was purified by a simple reverse-phase C-18 Sep-Pak procedure. The purified product was isolated with an average radiochemical yield of 53 ± 12% (decay corrected) in 30–35 min from [¹¹C]methyl iodide. At end of synthesis (EOS), 138 ± 35 mCi (n = 24) of product was collected with a specific activity of ca. 1–1.3 Ci/μmol (EOS) (4–5 Ci/μmol @ EOB) starting from 1.5 Ci (EOB) of [¹¹C]CO₂.     

Further studies of the turnover of dog antithrombin III. Study of 131I-labelled antithrombin protease complexes

Fresh plasma containing 131I-antithrombin III (*I-AT) was coagulated and incubated at 37 degrees C for 2 hr. A "complex peak," separated on heparin-agarose contained AT and *I-AT antigen but no heparin cofactor activity. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis showed only AT complexes. SDS PAGE showed 80% of the *I-AT in a major band (approximately 80,000 daltons), 15% in a minor band (approximately 100,000 daltons) and the rest in trace bands (approximately 60,000 and/or 115,000 daltons). Ammonia treatment of the complex peak released alpha-thrombin. After i.v. injection 80% of the complexed *I-AT, chiefly as the major band, left the plasma with t 1/2 approximately 15 min and was almost immediately catabolized to low molecular weight breakdown products. A major catabolic site was the liver. A simple kinetic model describes the findings approximately.     

5α-还原酶抑制剂对过度训练大鼠雄激素作用的影响

 目的探讨非甾体类5α-还原酶抑制剂DQI对大运动量游泳训练大鼠血清雄激素水平、EPO水平及肾脏组织EPO合成能力的影响。方法以渐增游泳训练为大鼠运动应激模型，运用酶免和放免分析法观察了血睾、血清EPO及血清5α-双氢睾酮的含量，以及运用RT PCR法观察了肾脏组织EPOmRNA的表达水平。结果本运动模型可提高靶组织睾酮向5α-双氢睾酮的转化，而DQI可以显著抑制这一过程，并可以提高肾脏组织EPO的合成能力及血清EPO含量。结论非甾体类5α-还原酶抑制剂DQI对维持及恢复运动能力有一定作用。其机制与整合内源性睾酮及增加内源性EPO有关。     

马来酸二乙酯对半乳糖胺/脂多糖致小鼠急性肝损伤发生中核转录因子表达的影响

目的　耗竭肝脏还原型谷胱甘肽 (GSH)导致氧化还原失平衡后 ,是否可通过改变库普弗细胞核转录因子表达而影响肝损伤发生。方法　给小鼠注射马来酸二乙酯 (DEM) ,耗竭 GSH。结果　马来酸二乙酯在一定程度上 ,抑制了半乳糖胺 /脂多糖 (Galn/ L PS)诱导胞质 IκBα的降解和核 NF- κBp6 5的表达。结论　 DEM可能是通过抑制 IκBα降解 ,影响 NF-κBp6 5易位入核 ,从而抑制肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF) -α释放 ,减轻肝损伤     

环磷酰胺对鼠根尖周炎中IL-1α、TNF-α基因表达的影响

目的　观察环磷酰胺对IL 1α和TNF αmRNA在鼠根尖周炎组织中表达的影响 ,了解免疫抑制在根尖周炎中的作用。方法　 16只SD大鼠开髓术前每周 1次腹腔注射环磷酰胺 ,共 3wk ,另 16只大鼠作对照 ;用原位杂交技术 ,测定免疫抑制鼠根尖周炎组织中IL 1α和TNF αmRNA表达 ,并对其进行半定量分析 ,与免疫正常组进行比较。结果　免疫抑制鼠根尖周组织阳性染色细胞计数 ,1～ 3wk逐渐2 0 0 2 0 6 13收稿 ,2 0 0 3 0 6 2 8修回 安徽省教育厅资助课题 ,No 2 0 0 1kj1181 上海第二医科大学附属第九人民医院 ,上海　 2 0 0 0 11作者简介 :梅陵宣 ,男 ,39岁 ,医学博士 ,副教授 ,硕士生导师。Tel:0 5 5 1 5 118677 82 0 1;刘　正 ,女 ,71岁 ,教授 ,博士生导师增加 ,4wk后降低 ,并与根尖阴影面积呈正相关关系 (IL 1α :r=0 881,P <0 0 1;TNF α:r =0 85 5 ,P <0 0 1) ;各时间段IL 1α和TNF αmRNA表达量与免疫正常组无差别 ,阳性表达细胞类型亦无差别。结论　外周血白细胞减少对鼠根尖周炎的发生及局部IL 1α和TNF α表达无影响     

Effect of Loxosceles gaucho venom on cell morphology and behaviour in vitro in the presence and absence of sphingomyelin.

This study was performed to investigate whether the toxic effects of Loxosceles gaucho venom on cells might be exerted via stimulators of TNF-alpha release generated by sphingomyelinase D--a major component of the venom. It was demonstrated that L. gaucho venom alone is unable to induce TNF-alpha release by J774A.1 cells, while in the presence of exogenous sphingomyelin it induces a high level of TNF-alpha release which is significantly increased by incubation with non-inactivated serum. Ceramide phosphate also induces TNF-alpha release in J774A.1 cells, but (unlike sphingomyelin/sphingomyelinase) the level of release is not influenced by the presence or otherwise of non-inactivated serum. L. gaucho venom does not induce proliferation of J774A.1 cells and even at high concentrations it does not affect their viability. J774A.1 cells, which prior to venom treatment were elongated and clumped, round up after venom treatment, but, revert to their original morphology after incubation with fresh medium. TNF-alpha resistant MRC-5 cells and TNF-alpha sensitive MCF-7 cells are susceptible to the toxic effect of both L. gaucho venom and ceramide phosphate. The results obtained in this study demonstrate that exogenous sphingomyelin can modulate, in vitro, the release of TNF-alpha induced by L. gaucho venom in mouse macrophages. In addition, the results also indicate that ceramide phosphate and L. gaucho venom are toxic to several different cell types, via a variety of mechanisms, some, but not all, of which may involve TNF-alpha as an intermediary.     

多发性骨折后全身炎症反应综合征的监控

目的　分析多发性骨折后全身炎症反应综合征 (SIRS)的监测因素。方法　将 87例多发性骨折患者分为SIRS组、非SIRS组和死亡组 ,比较各组血清肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF -α)、粒细胞集落刺激因子 (G -CSF)、补体C3 、免疫球蛋白 (IgG)等的变化。同时观察失血量分级与SIRS的关系。结果　SIRS组G -CSF和IgG水平明显低于非SIRS组 ,TNF -α水平明显高于非SIRS组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;死亡组G -CSF、补体C3 及IgG水平较SIRS组进一步降低 ,TNF -α水平进一步升高 (P <0 .0 5 )。随失血量增大 ,SIRS发生率、病死率升高 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　G -CSF ,IgG ,TNF -α水平及失血量可作为SIRS的监控指标。     

Ewing’s肉瘤细胞X-射线照射后TNF-α和TGF-β mRNA表达的研究

 目的　研究Ewing’s肉瘤细胞系 (RM 82 )X 射线外照射后肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF α)和转化生长因子 (TGF β)mRNA表达水平的变化 ,探讨X 射线诱导内源性TNF α和TGF β产生的可能性及意义。 方法　应用实时荧光RT PCR ,检测接受不同剂量X 线照射 (2Gy ,5Gy ,10Gy ,2 0Gy ,30Gy ,4 0Gy)和受照后不同时间 (1h ,3h ,6h ,12h ,2 4h ,4 8h ,72h)。TNF α和TGF βmRNA表达水平的变化。 结果　RM 82细胞TNF αmRNA表达水平较外照射前显著升高。一方面受照后TNF αmRNA表达逐渐升高 ,照射剂量达 4 0Gy时TNF αmRNA表达水平达高峰 ,为正常对照组的 10 8倍 ;另一方面 ,照射后 3h后TNF αmRNA表达逐渐升高 ,6h达高峰 ,为正常对照组的 18倍。相反 ,TGF βmRNA表达水平X 射线照射前后无显著变化。结论　Ewing’s肉瘤细胞系 (RM 82 )接受X 线照射后TNF αmRNA表达明显升高 ,且呈现时间、剂量依赖性。放射治疗可诱导Ewing’s肉瘤细胞系 (RM 82...     

雷公藤内酯醇对大鼠脑局灶性缺血再灌注后脑组织肿瘤坏死因子-α含量变化的影响

目的　观察雷公藤内酯醇 (TL)是否通过降低脑组织内肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF α)含量而减少白细胞浸润 ,从而改善局灶性脑缺血再灌注所致的神经功能缺失。方法　大鼠ipTL 0 .2或 0 .4mg·kg- 1·d- 1,连续 4d。d 4给药前行右侧大脑中动脉缺血 1h再灌注 2 4h。行为观察行大鼠神经功能缺损评分 ;放射免疫法检测缺血再灌注侧大脑皮层TNF α含量。病理切片观察缺血再灌注侧脑微血管内附壁中性粒细胞计数。结果　与损伤模型组比较 ,TL处理组大脑皮质TNF α含量明显减少 ,神经功能受损程度明显改善。脑微血管内附壁中性粒细胞计数明显减少。结论　TL有抑制缺血再灌注脑组织内TNF α生成 ,降低其含量的作用 ,从而抑制白细胞浸润 ,改善受损的神经功能