太极拳对女大学生上呼吸道感染影响的研究

目的探讨不同运动量太极拳对上呼吸道感染及免疫球蛋白的影响。方法将90名女大学生分成对照组(C组),每周运动3次组(3T组),每周运动5次组(5T组),后2组进行6个月太极拳训练,对3组进行试验前后1个月关于上呼吸道感染的调查问卷及免疫球蛋白测量,然后作比较分析。结果试验前后1个月3组上呼吸道感染发病次数无差异(p>0.05),但3T、5T组试验后上呼吸道感染时间较试验前缩短(p<0.05);3T、5T组试验后IgA、IgG较试验前升高,C组IgM较试验前减低(p<0.05);3T、5T组比较,在试验前后免疫球蛋白、上呼吸道感染时间上的差异均无统计学意义(p>0.05)。结论适量太极拳运动能缩短上呼吸道感染时间,可能与IgA、IgG升高有关。     

The efficacy of Tai Chi Chuan in older adults: a systematic review

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) on fall prevention, balance and cardiorespiratory functions in the elderly. METHODS: A systematic review was carried out according to the Cochrane standards. A computerized literature search was carried out. Studies were selected when they had an experimental design; the age of the study population was >50; one of the interventions was a form of TCC; and when falls, balance or cardiorespiratory functions were used as an outcome measure. A total of seven studies were included, with in total 505 participants, of whom all but 27 were healthy seniors, age between 53 and 96 years. RESULTS: In most studies, the intervention of TCC is a modified Yang style, varying from 10 to 24 forms. The intensity of TCC varies from 1 h weekly for 10 weeks to 1 h every morning for 1 year. One study used falls as outcome measure and reported a beneficial effect of 47% in the TCC group. All studies mention a beneficial effect of TCC, but in most studies this conclusion was based on a pre-post analysis. CONCLUSION: There is limited evidence that TCC is effective in reducing falls and blood pressure in the elderly.     

泰安市乙型肝炎病毒宫内传播影响因素分析

目的　探讨泰安市乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原（HBsAg）阳性母亲分娩的新生儿发生乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）宫内跨胎盘传播的影响因素。方法　纳入567例HBsAg阳性母亲及其新生儿作为研究对象,收集母亲一般信息及抗病毒治疗等资料,检测母亲及新生儿HBV标志物、HBV DNA等指标。统计分析采用χ2检验和非条件多因素logistic回归。结果　泰安市HBsAg阳性母亲所分娩的新生儿HBV宫内传播的发生率为11.46%。单因素分析显示母亲年龄、孕晚期乙型肝炎免疫球蛋白干预、乙型肝炎病毒e抗原（HBeAg）、HBV DNA浓度和HBV基因型与新生儿宫内传播的发生有关（P<0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示,母亲HBeAg（OR=3.350,95%CI=1.889~6.964）和HBV DNA浓度（OR=2.096,95%CI=1.585~5.508）是HBV宫内传播的影响因素。以阴性为对照,母亲HBV DNA低载量组调整OR值为1.211（95%CI:1.110~1.565）,高载量组调整OR值为1.948（95%CI:1.345~2.784）,母亲HBV DNA浓度与宫内传播之间存在线性趋势（χ2=6.920,P=0.009）。结论　HBsAg阳性母亲伴HBeAg阳性和高HBV DNA浓度是造成泰安市HBV宫内跨胎盘传播的主要危险因素,且HBV DNA浓度越高,发生宫内传播的可能性越大。     

交泰丸交通心肾治疗失眠作用机理研究

目的:观察交泰丸及不同拆方对HPA轴调节因子及相关中枢神经递质的影响。方法:将交泰丸分为泻心组(单用黄连)、补肾组(单用肉桂)及交通心肾组(交泰丸),观察各实验组对PCPA大鼠模型失眠状态、HPA轴调节因子CRH、ATCH、CORT及下丘脑相关神经递质5-HT、NE的影响,采用高效液相-库伦阵列电化学检测及放免法检测。结果:PCPA失眠模型大鼠HPA轴呈亢奋状态,下丘脑5-HT含量显著降低,NE的含量有所升高。交泰丸可以通过抑制HPA轴,明显增加失眠大鼠下丘脑5-HT的含量,降低NE的含量。结论:交泰丸是通过调节HPA轴达到交通心肾治疗失眠的目的。     

Well-being of institutionalized elders after Yang-style Tai Chi practice

Aims and objectives. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Tai Chi on the physical and psychological well‐being of elders who resided in long‐term care facilities. Background. The beneficial effects of Tai Chi on elders’ well‐being have been well‐documented; however, most of the studies focused on community‐dwelling or healthier elders. Design and methods. In this longitudinal, time‐series, quasi‐experimental study, a convenience sample of 28 institutionalized elders was recruited. A six‐month Yang‐style Tai Chi intervention was administered twice a week for 60 minutes per practice. The well‐being outcome variables, including physical and mental health status, blood pressure, quality of sleep, occurrence of falls and fear of falling, were measured before the intervention and then at one‐month, two‐month, three‐month and six‐month intervals. Results. Results indicated that the physical health status and social functioning of frail elders were significantly improved after Tai Chi practice [F(4,24) = 3·42, p = 0·038; F(4,24) = 9·66, p = 0·001 respectively]. Conclusions. Tai Chi practice is beneficial for frail older people. Relevance to clinical practice. The findings provide a basis for using Yang‐style Tai Chi as a floor activity in long‐term care facilities to promote the well‐being of the older residents.     

太极拳锻炼对2型糖尿病的疗效观察及其机制探讨

目的 :观察太极拳锻炼对 2型糖尿病人的疗效 ,并对其机制进行探讨。方法 :1 2例老年2型糖尿病患者进行为期 8周的太极拳锻炼 ,观察锻炼前和锻炼后空腹、锻炼 8周结束时一次性运动前和运动后即刻空腹血糖 (glucose)、血浆胰岛素 (Ins)及红细胞胰岛素受体 (InR)等指标的变化。血糖、胰岛素的测定用临床常规检验法 ,红细胞胰岛素受体用改良Gambhir法。结果 :(1 )经过 8周锻炼后 ,糖尿病人安静状态下前后对比 :血糖水平降低(P <0 0 5 ) ,Ins水平未见显著变化 ,低亲和力胰岛素受体数目 (r2 )及低亲和力胰岛素受体结合容量 (R2 )增加 (P <0 0 5 )。 (2 )锻炼 8周结束时 ,一次性运动后即刻与运动前安静状态下比较 :血糖、高、低胰岛素受体数目 (r1、r2 )和高、低胰岛素受体结合容量(R1、R2 )均升高 (P <0 0 5 ) ,而胰岛素水平未见显著变化。结论 :(1 )长期太极拳锻炼在维持糖尿病患者正常的胰岛素分泌水平的基础上 ,能有效降低血糖水平 ;(2 )胰岛素受体活性的增加可能是太极拳运动对 2型糖尿病产生疗效的一种机制     

Tai Chi in Australia: acceptable and effective approach to improve balance and mobility in older people?

Objective: To evaluate the effects of 24 form Tai Chi Quan (TCQ) on balance and related measures, and factors associated with participation in the program. Methods: Twenty‐three older subjects (mean age 71.0 years, SD 5.6 years) commenced the three times weekly 1 h TCQ sessions. Subjects were measured on balance (Functional Reach, Step Test), gait (velocity, double support phase duration), activity level, leg muscle strength, and the Modified Falls Efficacy Scale (MFES) before and following the 3 month program. Participants also completed a survey investigating participation and perceived benefit of the program. Results: Nineteen participants completed the program, averaging attendance at 68% of classes. There was significant improvement in balance (Step Test, P < 0.01) and non‐significant improvement in gait double support duration (P = 0.04), Functional Reach (P = 0.04) and activity level (P = 0.06). Most participants incorporated some home practice as well as the formal program, and reported both the physical (balance) components and remembering sequences of movements as the most challenging aspects of the program. Conclusions: Twenty‐four form TCQ is a practical form of exercise for older people that improves dynamic balance performance.     

简易太极拳运动对中年女性身体机能的影响

目的观察简易太极拳运动对中年女性身体机能的影响。方法对60名中年女性实施16周太极拳锻炼，观察其血压、心率、肺活量等身体机能的变化。结果锻炼后，本组对象的安静心率与血压降低，心血管运动试验指数提高，肺活量增加（P〈0．05～0．01）。结论太极拳运动是一种有效提高中年女性身体机能的健身方式。     

太极拳在冠心病心脏康复中的研究进展

太极拳秉承了中国古代哲学阴阳辨证及道教“太极”理念,又暗合中医阴阳五行及经络学说思想,长期锻炼有益于人的身心健康。近年来关于太极拳在冠心病心脏康复中的一系列研究表明,太极拳运动不仅减轻冠心病患者临床症状,提高生活质量,并且有效干预冠心病危险因素如高血压、高血脂、高血糖,改善不良情绪,延缓动脉粥样硬化,修复血管内皮功能,调控心脏自主神经,降低心血管事件的再发率,改善冠心病患者的远期预后。