Electrochemotherapy significantly inhibits the growth of colon 26 tumors in mice

Electrochemotherapy is a novel antitumor treatment involving the systemic administration of bleomycin followed by the delivery of electrical pulses to the tumor. The present study investigates the effects of electrochemotherapy on the growth of colon 26 cells inoculated subcutaneously into the backs of BALB/c mice. The mice were divided into the following four experimental groups: 20 that received no further treatment after the inoculation of colon 26 cells (control group); 20 that received 500 μg of bleomycin intraperitoneally 7 and 9 days after the inoculation (BLM group); 20 that received electric pulses to the tumor 7 and 9 days after the inoculation (EP group); and 30 that received electrochemotherapy 7 and 9 days after the inoculation (ECT group). During 28 days of observation, no deaths due to tumor progression occurred in the ECT group, but there were 18 in the control group, 11 in the BLM group, and 18 in the EP group. While weight loss was observed in all groups, it was most remarkable in the control group. Tumor growth was significantly inhibited in the ECT group, compared to the other experimental groups (P<0.01). The results of this study demonstrated that electrochemotherapy significantly inhibited the growth of colon 26 tumors in mice, without causing any remarkable adverse effects.     

Vinorelbine, bleomycin and methotrexate as a salvage therapy for patients with head and neck squamous carcinoma in relapse after cisplatin/fluorouracil

Background: Cisplatin (CDDP) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) represent the standard chemotherapy for advanced/recurrent head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSC); however, the duration of response is often short, with a median survival of only five to six months.Patients and methods: Patients with HNSC were treated with vinorelbine 20 mg/m² and methotrexate 50 mg/m² every week and bleomycin 15 mg/m² every two weeks. All patients were previously treated with a CDDP/5-FU regimen.Results: Forty-eight patients were evaluable for response and toxicity. After a median follow-up of 15 months, 16 patients are still alive and 32 have died. We had one complete response (2%), 12 partial responses (25%) (overall response rate 27%; 95% CI: 14%–39%), 11 stabilizations (23%) and 24 progressions (50%) of disease. Neutropenia grade 3–4 was seen in 12 patients; peripheral neurotoxicity in two patients. There were no toxic deaths.Conclusions: This regimen, administered in an outpatient setting, revealed some activity as a second-line treatment in patients with HNSC, with acceptable toxicity.     

寡糖Lewis A模拟肽对博莱霉素诱导的小鼠急性肺炎症性损伤的抑制作用

目的考察寡糖LewisA模拟肽对肺炎症性损伤的抑制作用。方法采用博莱霉素诱导小鼠肺产生炎症损伤 ,采用病理切片法观察LewisA模拟肽对炎症的影响。结果早期注射寡糖LewisA模拟肽可以抑制博莱霉素诱导的小鼠肺炎症性损伤。结论寡糖LewisA模拟肽可能作为抑制肺炎症性损伤的药物。     

气管插管快速灌注博莱霉素复制大鼠肺间质纤维化模型

目的：研究大鼠肺闻质纤维化的造模方法。方法：模型组大鼠气管插管灌注不同剂量（7、6、5、3．4、2、1mg／kg体质量）的博莱霉素A5-生理盐水，对照组给予等体积生理盐水，观察大鼠生存情况、肺组织病理，并深入研究博莱霉素1mg／kg体质量组，观察大鼠体质量变化，肺组织病理，检测第14天、28天、45天时大鼠肺系数以及血清中转化生长因子β1（transfor—minggrowthfactorfjl，TGF—β1）和血小板衍生生长因子（platelet—derivedgrowthfactor，PDGF）的含量。结果：经多个剂量的研究发现，较大剂量博莱霉素气管插管快速灌注法复制大鼠肺问质纤维化模型死亡率高，1mg／kg体质量气管内灌注博莱霉素A5-生理盐水可以造成大鼠肺组织纤维化改变。深入研究发现，与假手术组比较，1mg／kg体质量组大鼠肺组织病理14d已出现明显的纤维化改变，28d已形成弥漫性纤维化，45d时纤维化程度进一步加重。与假手术组比较，模型组3、7、14d体质量降低（P〈0．01），21d体质量虽有所下降，但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；14、28、45d时肺系数升高（P〈0．01），血清TGF-β1水平从28d时开始升高（P〈0．05，P〈0．01），血清PDGF水平45d时升高（P〈O．05）。1mg／kg体质量组造模死亡率较低。结论：博莱霉素1mg／kg体质量气管插管快速灌注法可以成功复制大鼠肺间质纤维化模型。     

平阳霉素局部注射治疗睑黄疣的临床疗效观察

目的观察平阳霉素局部注射治疗睑黄疣的临床疗效。方法对87例睑黄疣患者在常规消毒后以平阳霉素8mg加2％利多卡因2mL溶解后行皮损内局部注射治疗作为治疗组，并设立二氧化碳激光治疗45例作为对照组。结果治疗组痊愈74例，显效9例，总有效率95．4％；对照组痊愈16例，显效14例，总有效率66．7％；两组比较差异有统计学意义（U=4．02，P〈0．01）。结论平阳霉素治疗睑黄疣疗效较常规治疗方法好。     

系统性硬化症动物模型

系统性硬化症是一种自身免疫病,以多系统纤维化、小血管病变、血清自身抗体阳性为主要特点。目前其病因尚未十分清楚,越来越多的证据显示可能有血管病变、炎性反应、纤维化、自身免疫四大机制参与并相互作用。在研究系统性硬化症的发病机制、探索新药治疗效果时需要用到动物模型来模拟病理生理过程,而每一种模型都有其特点却又不完美。本文将根据建模方法分类介绍一些经典的和创新的模型,以及它们各自的特点、应用价值,为研究者选择最合适的动物模型提供帮助。     

补肺汤对肺纤维化大鼠血清INF-γ IL-4表达水平影响的实验研究

目的：观察补肺汤对肺纤维化大鼠血清IFN-γ、IL-4表达水平的影响,探讨补肺汤对肺纤维化的治疗作用及可能的作用机制。方法：96只SD健康大鼠,随机分为4组（每组各24只）：空白对照组、模型对照组、强的松阳性对照组、补肺汤治疗组。模型对照组和治疗组气管内注射博莱霉素诱导肺纤维化模型,正常对照组在相同条件下给予生理盐水。补肺汤治疗组和强的松阳性对照组分别给予补肺汤流浸膏（2.1g/200g）及强的松片与生理盐水混合制剂（6.3mg/kg）灌胃,其余两组每天给予生理盐水（1mL/100g）灌胃。各组分别于造模后第7、14、28天各处死8只大鼠,取大鼠血清和肺组织。肺组织病理切片HE染色和MASSON染色观察病理变化和肺纤维化分级情况,ELISA法测定血清中INF-γ、IL-4含量的变化。结果：与模型对照组比较,补肺汤治疗组和强的松阳性对照组大鼠各个时期的血清IFN-γ表达明显增高（P〈0.05）;强的松阳性对照组大鼠血清IL-4在各个时期的表达降低明显（P〈0.05）,而补肺汤治疗组在第28天降低明显（P〈0.05）。结论：补肺汤肺纤维化的形成有较好的治疗作用,其机制可能是通过促进血清中IFN-γ的分泌,抑制IL-4的分泌,从而调节了Th1/Th2细胞因子失衡来实现的。     

In vivo MRI of altered proton signal intensity and T2 relaxation in a bleomycin model of pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis

Purpose:

To investigate the ability of proton (¹H) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to distinguish between pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis.

Materials and Methods:

Three groups of Sprague‐Dawley rats (n = 5) were instilled intratracheally with bleomycin (2.5 U/kg or 3.5 U/kg) in saline or with saline only. Rats were imaged at 2.0 Tesla using a multi‐slice Carr‐Purcell‐Meilboom‐Gill (CPMG) sequence with 6 ms echo spacing. Signal intensity (S₀) and T₂ were calculated on a pixel‐by‐pixel basis using images collected before dosing and 1, 2, 4, and 7 weeks after. At each time point, data from dosed animals were compared with controls, and bivariate statistical analysis was used to classify image pixels containing abnormal tissue. At week 7, pulmonary function tests were performed, then all rats were killed, left lungs were formalin fixed and tri‐chrome stained for histological analysis of collagen content, and right lungs were used to measure water and hydroxyproline (collagen) content.

Results:

The product S₀×T₂ significantly correlated with water and collagen content in the high‐dose group (P = 0.004 and P = 0.03, respectively). However, S₀ and T₂ of abnormal tissue were correlated for all time points (r = 0.93, P < 0.001), and could not distinguish inflammation from fibrosis.

Conclusion:

MRI can be used to confidently localize pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis, but it lacks specificity. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;31:1091–1099. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Time course of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis

Intratracheal instillation (IT) of bleomycin is a widely used experimental model for lung fibrosis. In this study we describe the time-course of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in mice using computer-assisted morphometry. C57Bl/6J mice were treated with a single IT dose of bleomycin or control saline. Animals were killed 3, 6, 14 and 21 days post-IT. Lung injury was evaluated by analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, hydroxyproline concentration in the lung, routine light microscopic examination resulting in a semiquantitative morphological index (SMI) of lung injury, and quantitative morphological measurements (fibrosis fraction and alveolar wall area fraction) aided by optimas image analysis software. Changes in BAL fluid attributed to bleomycin treatment include increased total cell count (days 14 and 21), and increased percentage of neutrophils (days 3 and 6) followed by a sustained increase in lymphocytes (days 6, 14 and 21). Hydroxyproline levels increased in bleomycin-treated mice on days 14 and 21. Median SMI grades were significantly elevated on days 3, 14 and 21. Computer-assisted morphometry demonstrated a 3-fold increase in fibrosis fraction and a 1.3-fold increase in wall area fraction in bleomycin-treated mice on day 14, with no further increase on day 21. These data also demonstrate that the most suitable time point for assessing lung fibrosis in this model is 14 days after IT instillation of bleomycin, based on the observation that at 14 days the animals developed extensive fibrosis, but had less variability in the fibrotic response and lower mortality than later at 21 days. Computer-assisted morphometry provides objective and quantitative measurements that are a useful tool for the evaluation of bleomycin-induced lung injury.