Syncuaria squamata (Linstow, 1883) (Nematoda: Acuariidae) in the Great Cormorant [Phalacrocorax carbo sinensins (Blumenbach, 1798)] in northern Poland

Summary Of the 105 great cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensins) from northern Poland (the Vistula Lagoon and Masurian Lake District), examined in 2000–2001, 67 proved hosts of the nematode Syncuaria squamata (Linstow, 1883). The prevalence, mean intensity, and intensity range amounted to 63.8 %, 36.2 specimens, and 1–120 specimens, respectively. The infection was heavier in the immature birds (84.6 %, 40.9 inds, and 1–120 inds) than in the adults (3.7 %, 1 ind.). The nematodes were dominated by gravid females (n=1846), followed by males (n=157), immature females (n=79), and L4 larvae (n=2). Measurements of the parasite are provided. S. squamata is a new species for the parasite fauna of Poland.     

Lipid extract from completely sporoderm‐broken germinating Ganoderma sinensis spores elicits potent antitumor immune responses in human macrophages

Ganoderma sinensis has been used widely in Oriental countries for the prevention and treatment of various diseases including cancer. Previous studies have shown that the lipid extract from Ganoderma exhibits direct cytotoxicity against tumor cells. Here, it is reported that the lipid extract from germinating G. sinensis spores, at lower concentrations that have no direct tumoricidal activity, induce potent antitumor immune responses in human monocytes/macrophages. Upon stimulation with the lipid extract, monocytes/macrophages exhibited markedly increased production of proinflammatory cytokines and surface expression of costimulatory molecules. Conditioned medium from stimulated cells effectively suppressed the growth of tumor cells. Apparently, the lipid extract triggered macrophage activation via a mechanism different from that associated with LPS. Moreover, it was observed that the lipid extract could partially re‐establish the antitumor activity of the immunosuppressive tumor‐associated macrophages. These results indicated that in addition to its direct tumoricidal activity, the lipid extract from G. sinensis spores could exert antitumor activity by stimulating the activation of human monocytes/macrophages. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

964天冷冻保存的马来微丝蚴的生物学特性

参照Ham等的二步冷冻法,在含有5％DMSO和20％小牛血清的台氏液中,马来微丝蚴冷冻保存(-196℃)964天,复苏后仍具有活力,其平均存活率达94.2％,平均正常外貌达71.4％,平均活动等级达2.45。对中华按蚊的感染率为18.4％,感染度为2.36条/只。     

当归多糖及其中性组分对巨噬细胞分泌TNF-α的影响

目的 :观察当归多糖 (ASP)及其中性组分 (ASP 1)在体内外对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞 (MФ)分泌TNF α的影响。方法 :直接制取小鼠腹腔MФ ,与ASP及ASP 1共同培养 16h ;ASP及ASP 112 5、2 5 0mg kg经口灌胃给药 7d ,于第 7d制取MФ ,体外培养 16h ,分别观察ASP及ASP 1在体外均可显著增强MФ对TNF α的分泌。ASP及ASP 1体内给药无直接诱导MФ分泌TNF α的功能。结论 :ASP及ASP 1在体内外均可增强小鼠腹腔MФ分泌TNF α的功能。     

中华按蚊感染马来丝虫后蚊存活率的变化

实验室驯化的中华按蚊，通过人胎盘膜，吸取含马来丝虫微丝蚴的新鲜兔血而获感染。在温度为２８℃，相对湿度为７５－８５％的实验条件下，观察了中华按蚊感染马来丝虫主存活率的变化。结果表明，感染微丝蚴密度最高组蚊的存活率比其它各组明显下降。     

Studie über eine alte Leiche von der Zeit der Streitenden Reiche aus dem Grab Nr. 1 am Guo-Jia-Gang in Stadt Jingmen der Provinz Hubei

An ancient femal corpse excavated from the robbed tomb No. 1 at Guo-Jia-Gang in Jingmen city of Hubei Province was studied. It was confirmed that the corpse was buried more than 2 300 years ago, namely at the middle stage of the Warring States period and is the earliest one of the ancient coffin corpses unearthed in China sofar. It is of the same type as the ancient corpses of Weatern Han Dynasty excavated from tomb No. 1 at Ma-Wang-Dui in Changsha City and from the tomb No. 168 at Phoenix Hill in Jinagling City respectively. The collagenous fibers of connective tissue from all parts in the corpse were well preserved, showing fine ultrastructure with clear periodical cross banding, and a lot of bacterial spores were found between them. In addition, a large number of eggs ofclonorchis sinensis andtrichuris trichiura were found in the content of the bowel. The level and the cause of good preservation were discussed and it was believed that the good preservation may resulte from the combined effect of the internal and external environmental factors around the corpse.     

凯素灵胶悬剂浸泡蚊帐防治侵入实验小屋蚊虫的研究

1900年夏,在扬州市郊,利用特建的实验小屋,以牛为引诱动物,进行了凯素灵胶悬剂浸泡蚊帐对侵入室内蚊虫毒杀和兴奋驱避作用的研究。按40mg ai/m~2处理1～84天后,结果表明对中华按蚊和三带喙库蚊均有较好的毒杀作用。毒杀作用下降主要表现在对外逃蚊虫上,而对留存在室内的蚊虫,毒杀效果持久、稳定,试验期间,留存室内的中华按蚊的死亡率均达80％以上,结果优于三带喙库蚊和同等剂量的溴氰菊酯乳剂。结果还表明,侵入处理小屋蚊虫数比对照小屋减少,窗阱外逃率大大高于对照小屋,说明凯素灵胶悬剂浸泡蚊帐,对蚊虫具有兴奋驱避作用。     

肥西县丝虫病流行特征及防治措施评析

目的　了解肥西县丝虫病的流行特征和防治工作采取措施的效果 ,为开展类似的工作提供借鉴作用。方法　对本县 1970～ 2 0 0 0年丝虫病的防治研究及相关调查资料进行整理、统计分析并进行评价。结果　 1970年调查人群微丝蚴率高达 18.2 5 % ,1973年平均微丝蚴率为 6 .31% ,80年代为 1.15 % ,全县各乡镇均有丝虫病的流行。 1991年调查人群平均微丝蚴率为 0 .6 1% ,主要流行区分布于县西北区域的 15个乡镇 ,以马来丝虫为主的马来、班氏两种丝虫病混合流行区。主要传播媒介为中华按蚊和嗜吸人血按蚊。经过 30年的积极防治 ,特别是 1991年 ,在现况调查的基础上 ,以行政村为单位 ,按不同的流行程度采用不同剂量的海群生药盐的防治 ,加快了基本消灭丝虫病的步伐 ,1993年经省厅考核 ,人群微丝蚴率为 0 .0 7% ,达到了基本消灭丝虫病的标准。 2 0 0 0年全县开展消灭丝虫病的监测 ,人群微丝蚴率和按蚊幼丝虫的自然感染率均为0 %。达到部颁消灭丝虫病的标准。结论　肥西县是以马来丝虫为主的马来和班氏两种丝虫病混合流行的地区 ,经过 30年的查治 ,传播已被阻断 ,达到部颁消灭丝虫病的标准     

粉被虫草抑制细菌和真菌作用的初步研究

对粉被虫草的无性型－粉被马利亚霉抑制细菌和真菌作用进行了初步研究。结果表明，粉被马利亚霉菌丝体和孢梗束的浸提液对金黄色葡萄球菌，大肠杆菌，铜绿假单胞菌，枯草芽胞杆菌及嗜热芽胞杆菌有明显抑制作用，不同处理，提取，药敏试验方法，所表现出的抗菌活性有所差异。     

粉被虫草提取物对巨噬细胞吞噬功能及CTL活性的影响

研究粉被虫草菌丝体提取物在体外对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能和脾细胞免疫功能的影响，结果表明：粉被虫草提取物在正常情况下不仅能够促进小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬功能，而在免疫抑制的情况下，一定浓度的粉被虫草菌丝体提取物还能恢复提高吞噬功能；它不仅能促进正常脾活化Ｔ细胞的增殖，而且能恢复环磷酰胺和氢化可的松抑制免疫小鼠脾活化Ｔ细胞的增殖；在较高浓度下能增高小鼠脾细胞毒Ｔ淋巴细胞（ＣＴＬ）活性，同时在一定浓度下能恢复免疫抑制小鼠脾ＣＴＬ活性。