PBL联合CBL教学法在中医院校影像教学中应用的优势

随着影像技术的快速发展,影像检查已发展为临床诊断疾病的主要手段之一。所以作为未来医疗工作者的医学生,学好影像学变得越来越重要。目前影像教学大多采用传统的“满堂灌”的授课方式,学生处于学习的被动状态,效果并不尽人意。如何才能让学生真正掌握影像学知识,是值得每位任教老师深思的问题。作者结合多年的教学经验与实践,并针对中医院校医学生西医知识相对薄弱,课时少这一特点,认为PBL联合CBL教学法不但可以激发学生学习的主观能动性,培养学生的自学能力,增强学生解决问题的能力,提升临床思维能力,还可以提高课堂效率,有利于学生更好地学习、掌握影像知识,并学会将所学理论知识应用于临床实践。     

伤寒论PBL教学法提高中医八年制学生中医临床思维构建的应用

中医临床思维是中医专业学生临床能力的关键。《伤寒论》是培养中医学生建立中医临床思维的核心课程。中医八年制较传统的中医博士研究生培养模式而言,培养时间大大缩短、教学要求高。为进一步提高中医八年制学员的临床思维能力,我们在《伤寒论》的教学过程中,分别在理论授课、临床实践中采用了PBL教学方法,教学效果良好。现介绍自己教学方法以及教学体会,以供同行参考交流。     

正则化多任务学习在精神分裂症核磁共振成像图像分类中的应用

为实现对精神疾病的计算机辅助诊断与预后,利用机器学习与图像处理技术分析多地区精神疾病的核磁共振成像数据,已成为该领域的必然趋势。本文首先提出切片提取的核磁共振成像图像预处理方法,然后提取图像的纹理特征,最后提出一种lp范数正则化的多任务学习支持向量机精神分裂症分类方法,同时学习3个数据中心精神分裂症图像的共享特征和各自独有的特征,用于分类精神分裂症患者和正常人。实验结果表明,该方法取得了优秀的诊断精度,可为精神分裂症患者的临床诊断与治疗提供生物学依据。     

Complex Interactions Between Tutor Performance,Tutorial Group Productivity and the Effectiveness of PBL Units as Perceived by Students

Aim: Tutor performance and tutorial group productivity interact with each other in a complex manner. The aim of this study was to investigate how tutor performance, tutorial group productivity and the effectiveness of a PBL unit interact with each other. Three hypotheses were tested: (1) Does the tutor performance score differ across different levels of group productivity? (2) Does the group productivity score differ across different levels of tutor performance? and (3) Is the learning effectiveness score of a PBL unit related to tutor performance and group productivity? Method: Students rated the tutor performance, the tutorial group productivity and the effectiveness of the PBL unit. In total 287 unique tutors were involved and were categorized as having a relatively low, average or relatively high score on tutor performance. This was also done for the group productivity score. For each combination, average effectiveness score were computed. Furthermore, partial correlation coefficients were computed. Results: The results demonstrated that the average tutor performance score was higher if the productivity score was higher (hypothesis 1). The results also demonstrated that the average productivity score was higher if the tutor performance score was higher (hypothesis 2). Furthermore it was found that the effectiveness score was higher if the productivity score was higher. The effectiveness score was also higher if the tutor score was higher. The results furthermore demonstrated that the correlation coefficient between tutor performance and effectiveness of the PBL unit is 0.01 (n.s.) if the correlation between the two variables was controlled for group productivity (was 0.36). In addition, the correlation coefficient between group productivity and effectiveness became 0.39 if the correlation between these two variables was controlled for tutor performance (was 0.51) (hypothesis 3). Conclusion: It is concluded that tutor performance differs across different levels of group productivity and that the group productivity score differs across different levels of tutor performance. In addition, it is concluded that both group productivity and the tutor’s performance have an impact on the effectiveness of a PBL unit, although the correlation between group productivity and effectiveness is higher than the correlation between tutor performance and effectiveness. This finding illustrates the importance of the group’s productivity in PBL and the tutor’s importance and implies that schools should put more efforts in improving tutorial group functioning as well as in improving a tutor’s performance.     

宫内铅暴露对大鼠神经行为发育的影响

目的研究低水平宫内铅暴露对Wistar大鼠早期行为及学习记忆等神经行为发育的影响。方法雌性大鼠分别经0．5,1．0和2．0mmol／LPbCl2暴露后,观察其F1代仔鼠断崖回避、平面翻正、前肢悬挂、空中翻正、听觉惊愕和视觉定位等早期行为发育以及应用水迷宫、Y迷宫检测仔鼠学习记忆能力。结果孕鼠经2．0mmol／LPbCl2染毒后,其仔鼠听觉惊愕和视觉定位等行为指标的发育出现了延迟;而1．0和2．0mmol／LPbCl2染毒后的孕鼠,导致其仔鼠的空中翻正发育延迟,仔鼠的空间方位辨别学习能力和运动学习能力、短时记忆和长时记忆能力的损害。结论宫内低水平铅暴露具有较强的行为发育毒性。     

医院文化建设对一线员工工作绩效的影响

随着医疗改革的不断深化,公立医院除了维持正常运行的经济效益外,同时还要注重社会效益.在此新形势下提升患者服务满意度,提高医疗服务质量,把绩效引入到医疗团队的岗位职责和岗位工作业绩的考核是公立医院的研究重点.影响绩效的因素有多种,医院文化是重要的因素之一.基于此背景,通过对上海某三级专科医院一线医务人员问卷调查,对医院文...     

微信辅助中医学综合实验PBL/CBL教学调查报告

为探索微信辅助中医学综合实验PBL/CBL教学的效果,在课程前4周的PBL/CBL教学单元,利用师生微信群及课程微信公众号进行辅助教学,之后开展问卷调查。结果表明,73.4%~98.5%的学生认为微信辅助本课程PBL/CBL教学对学生之间及师生之间的交流和互动、问题的及时解决、师生感情的加深、自主学习性的提高、课后作业的完成、课堂教学内容的拓展等有帮助;97.1%的学生对该教学形式给予认可;95.4%的学生认为该教学形式值得推广。     

基于改进型U⁃Net的变色油墨血浆判别模型

目的：为了解决因主观判别尺度不一和计算响应过长,在血浆制备过程中易出现疑似溶血血浆误判输出和疑似非溶血血浆医学报废的现象,给患者的生命安全带来极大隐患或产生浪费的问题。方法：研制一种基于深度学习和变色油墨理念的限界法。利用改进型U-Net网络进行图像分割,引入改进型注意力机制、批量归一化和填充模块来解决空间映射关系中存在的估计均值偏移、计算效率低和感受野视场不足的问题,并利用自采样本数据集对该模型进行验证对比。结果：采用变色油墨限界法进行分类判别,在确保血浆样本识别精度为前提的同时,提升了血浆判别的计算效率、降低了判别时间,实验结果评价准确率为99.52%。 结论：本研究模型的血浆判别精度优于其他判别模型,有望应用于临床。     

感兴趣容积大小对子宫肌层MRS信噪比影响的比较

目的:通过对健康育龄期女性子宫底肌层进行氢质子磁共振波谱（protonmagneticresonancespectroscopy,1H-MRS）扫描时选取不同大小的感兴趣容积（volumeoftheinterest,VOI）来初步探索其对波谱信噪比的影响。方法:通过siemens1.5T磁共振对50名健康育龄期女性子宫底肌层行单体素1H-MRS扫描,TE采用144ms,对每位志愿者VOI分别选取5mm×5mm×10mm（A组）和10mm×10mm×10mm（B组）进行2次扫描,扫描结果由2名有丰富的波谱诊断经验的放射科医师采用双盲法观察评价,将所得波谱中胆碱、肌酸、乳酸、2ppm处4种代谢物质中的任意一种物质波峰高于平均基线水平定为阳性,与平均水平相同或低于平均水平定为阴性。结果:医师1和医师2对2组结果的评价一致性较好（κA=0.789,κB=0.852）,且均具有统计学意义（PA=0.000,PB=0.000）。医师1评价A组波谱的阳性率为20%,B组的阳性率为86%;医师2评价A组波谱的阳性率为14%,B组的阳性率为82%,2名医师评价A、B两组所得结果均有统计学差异（P1=0.000,P2=0.000）,B组的阳性率均高于A组阳性率。其中A组平均阳性率为17%,B组平均阳性率为84%。结论:在肌层波谱扫描时VOI大小选取10mm×10mm×10mm组所获得的波谱信噪比明显优于5mm×5mm×10mm组,在子宫肌层波谱扫描时VOI大小不应小于1cm3。