残余胆囊结石6例诊治分析

目的 探讨残余胆囊结石的原因、诊治及预防。方法 回顾性分析绍兴市人民医院2016年10月至2019年12月收治的6例残余胆囊结石患者的临床诊治经过,分析其发生原因,探讨诊治方法及预防措施。结果 6例残余胆囊结石患者中,2例行腹部B超检查,其中1例证实为残余胆囊结石;所有患者行腹部增强CT检查,均证实为残余胆囊结石;3例患者行MRCP检查,其中2例确诊,1例未发现明显异常。6例残余胆囊结石患者中,2例行腹腔镜残余胆囊切除术,2例行腹腔镜中转开腹残余胆囊切除加胆总管探查T管引流术,1例行腹腔镜中转开腹残余胆囊切除术,1例拒绝手术治疗。5例手术患者均治愈出院,随访4～43个月,平均（19.8±14.7）个月,无结石复发情况。结论 增强CT在残余胆囊结石的诊断中具有重要价值。腹腔镜手术可作为首选的治疗方法。残余胆囊结石是多因素共同作用的结果,合理的手术方案,必要的手术技巧,良好的手术心态,及时中转开腹的意识对预防残余胆囊结石发生尤为重要。     

基于一体化手术平台的LC联合术中ERCP治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的效果研究

目的 探讨一体化手术平台中行腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）联合术中内镜逆行性胆胰管造影（ERCP）治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的效果,并与序贯二步法ERCP+LC进行比较。方法 回顾性分析2019年12月至2020年12月由台州医院和恩泽医院肝胆胰外科完成治疗的82例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者临床资料,其中在一体化手术平台完成LC联合术中ERCP治疗的37例患者分为A组,完成序贯二步法ERCP+LC治疗的45例患者分为B组,比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、结石清除率、疼痛评分、排气时间、下床活动时间、术后并发症发生率、住院时间、住院费用等指标的差异。结果 两组术前基本资料比较无统计学差异,具有可比性（P>0.05）。两组在手术时间、术中出血量、结石清除率、术后疼痛评分、住院费用等方面无明显统计学差异（P>0.05）。A组术后排气时间[（16.0±4.5）h vs （19.9±6.0）h]、下床活动时间[（8.4±2.0）h vs （13.4±3.8）h]以及住院时间[（4.7±0.7）d vs （7.4±1.0）d]均明显短于B组（P<0.05）。两组患者在术后疼痛评分、住院费用方面无明显差异（P>0.05）。A组患者手术并发症总发生率[2.7%（1/37） vs 20.0%（9/45）]明显少于B组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 在一体化手术平台行LC联合术中ERCP治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石较序贯二步法ERCP+LC效果更好,能缩短住院时间,减少手术并发症,且不增加住院费用,是一种较好的治疗手段。     

腹腔镜右半结肠癌切除术后消化道重建的研究现状及前景

腹腔镜右半结肠癌切除术后腹腔内吻合正逐渐成为结直肠手术领域中的热点。研究者发现:腹腔内吻合与腹腔外吻合比较,前者在促进病人术后恢复,降低术后并发症发生率等方面有潜在优势。且腹腔内吻合较腹腔外吻合病人术后胃肠功能恢复更快、术后疼痛评分更低。但对于腹腔内吻合的并发症发生率,尤其是重要指标吻合口漏的比较,尚缺乏足够证据。而手术技术不统一、吻合口漏定义不明确是目前研究的主要困难。多项高质量的前瞻性随机对照试验目前正在进行中,对于腹腔镜右半结肠癌切除术的客观评价仍需要更高级别的循证医学证据验证。笔者综合分析国内外研究进展,系统阐述腹腔镜右半结肠癌切除术后消化道重建的研究现状及前景,旨在为我国结直肠外科临床研究探索新方向。     

Comfortable suture angle with optimized trocar position aids renorrhaphy during retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy

BackgroundThis study investigated a comfortable suture angle (CSA) with optimized trocar position for closing the defect during renorrhaphy in retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN). The feasibility, usefulness, and safety of achieving the CSA with modified trocar position were determined for different tumor types.MethodsTwo optimized trocar positions were introduced for different tumor types. A suture angle was based on the tumor plane of the superficial parenchyma defect and the line formed by the needle holder. Preliminary surgical simulations determined a CSA that combined the least suture time with the greatest ease of performance. Achieving the CSA was attempted during renorrhaphy of 106 enrolled patients undergoing retroperitoneal LPN. Patients’ characteristics, operative features, and follow-up information were collected and analyzed.ResultsFor 89 (83.96%) patients, a CSA was successfully reached and parenchyma recovered. The remaining 17 patients were successfully sutured, but the attempt to achieve a CSA failed. For the CSA group, the suture, clamping, and overall operative times were significantly less than that of the non-CSA patients. The groups were similar regarding estimated blood loss, positive surgical margin, and rates of glomerular filtration reduction and complications. Univariable analyses determined that tumor location, growth pattern, and R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score (RNS) may influence the success of this approach. Multivariable analyses indicated that only tumor location and RNS were independent factors affecting successful achievement of the CSA.ConclusionsThrough different kidney position changes, the CSA could be used to ease the suture process. It is feasible and safe to perform a CSA with optimized trocar position during LPN. Tumor location and RNS may influence the approach to get a CSA.     

Reduced port laparoscopic surgery using umbilical zigzag incision for Meckel’s diverticulitis

IntroductionReduced port laparoscopic surgery using an umbilical zigzag incision is comparable to conventional multiport laparoscopic surgery. This method is associated with improved cosmesis and decreased wound pain.Presentation of caseA 67-year-old man visited our hospital. He presented emergency room with a chief complaint of right lower abdominal pain by walking. The patient was diagnosed Meckel’s diverticulitis by computed tomography (CT). At first, antibiotics therapy and fasting were performed. Three months later, the patient underwent resection of Meckel’ diverticulum with zigzag transumbilical laparoscopic surgery. The patient’s postoperative course was good, and he rarely felt wound pain. The patient started oral intake three days after surgery, and was discharged 10 days after surgery.DiscussionZigzag transumbilical laparoscopic surgery is very useful for resection of the small intestine. This method is associated with improved cosmesis and decreased wound pain. In the case of Meckel’s diverticulitis, we suggest that interval resection of Meckel’s diverticulum was very useful as it was an operation that could be performed easily.ConclusionReduced port laparoscopic surgery using an umbilical zigzag incision is considered to be an excellent technique in terms of operability and aesthetic outcomes.     

Incidence of deep venous thrombosis after gynaecological laparoscopy

目的　研究妇科腹腔镜术后深静脉血栓的发生率。方法　在澳大利亚悉尼Liverpool医院 1997年 5月～ 1997年 9月 72例妇科腹腔镜手术采用Doppler超声检查静脉血流的通畅性和血管腔内的回声团用以诊断深静脉血栓。 61例患者充气时间 <60分钟为小手术组 ,11例 >60分钟为大手术组。每例患者在术后 2 4小时内及术后 7天行两次超声Doppler检查 ,所有 72人均行术后 2 4小时内的超声Doppler检查 ,小手术组 61例中 4 0例、大手术组 11例中 9例行二次超声检查。 2 3例未行二次超声检查者均行电话随访。结果　在我们的研究中两组患者均未发现DVT。本文同时报道北京复兴医院一例腹腔镜下右卵巢巧克力囊肿剥除术、左卵巢及部分输卵管切除术患者术后并发DVT ,其诊断及治疗经过。结论　这项研究证实妇科腹腔镜手术DVT虽发生率极低 ,一旦发生需及时诊治 ,以免发生肺栓塞等致命并发症。     

老年人腹腔镜胆囊切除术麻醉的临床研究

为观察异丙酚全凭静脉麻醉在老年人腹腔镜胆囊切除术 (LC)围麻醉期呼吸循环功能的变化 ,以评价其实用性和安全性 ,将 30例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级患者 ,择期行LC手术 ,以微量泵持续静注异丙酚维持麻醉 (剂量递减法 10～ 8～ 6mg/kg·h-1) ,控制呼吸频率 16～ 2 5 /min ,人工气腹后保持轻度过度通气状态 ,连续监测呼吸循环功能各参数的变化。结果显示 :本组异丙酚平均总用量为 5 6 0± 12 8mg( 8.0 5± 2 .16mg/kg·h-1) ,麻醉诱导后SBP、DBP、MAP一过性降低 (P <0 .0 1) ,于插管后迅速恢复 ;CO2 气腹后PETCO2 开始上升并于 15min后达最高值但在正常范围 ,86 .6 7%的病例于拔管后 5～ 10min麻醉苏醒并能简单答话。认为异丙酚全凭静脉维持麻醉用于老年人LC并于气腹期轻度过度通气能维持呼吸循环功能的相对稳定 ,且苏醒快 ,术后恢复良好 ,具有实用性和安全性     

急性胆囊炎LC中转开腹的危险因素

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)中导致中转开腹的危险因素。方法将122例患者分为LC成功组115例和中转开腹组7例,分析其年龄、最高体温、既往发作史、发作至手术时间、白细胞计数、血清总胆红素、碱性磷酸酶、胆囊肿大、胆囊坏疽、胆结石大小、胆囊颈结石嵌顿对中转开腹的影响。结果中转组7人均为胆囊炎发作72h之后手术,与成功组的23／115(20％)相比,有极显著性差异(P<0．01)。中转组既往发作均超过10次,而成功组中仅有27人(23％)发作超过10次,两组之间有极显著性差异(P＜0．01)。术前最高体温、白细胞计数、血清总胆红素、碱性磷酸酶、胆囊积脓以及胆囊结石大小在两组间均无显著性差异(P>0．05)。胆囊肿大超过10cm、胆囊颈结石嵌顿使中转开腹率大大提高,两组间有显著性差异(P<0．05,P<0．01)。结论年龄大于65岁的急性胆囊炎患者,既往发作超过10次,本次发作超过72h,术前B超示胆囊肿大超过10cm,胆囊颈结石嵌顿时,应直接选择开腹胆囊切除术。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除与剖腹胆囊切除术对高血压患者血管内皮素和C反应蛋白的影响

为探讨剖腹与腹腔镜胆囊切除术 2种方法对高血压合并胆囊疾病患者血中内皮素和 C反应蛋白的影响 ,比较两种方法对机体损伤的程度及安全性 ,选择行剖腹胆囊切除术高血压患者 15例 ,腹腔镜胆囊切除术高血压患者 15例 ,无高血压腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者 15例 ,分别于术前、术中、术后 3h,12 h,2 4h抽取静脉血检测内皮素、C反应蛋白含量并进行比较。结果表明 :剖腹胆囊切除术高血压患者血中内皮素术中、术后含量明显高于腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者 (P<0 .0 1) ,C反应蛋白于术后 12 h明显高于腹腔镜胆囊切除术高血压患者。研究表明腹腔镜胆囊切除术刺激小 ,对高血压患者较为安全。     

多区域浸润麻醉减轻腹腔镜胆囊切除术后早期症状

目的探讨躯体、内脏局部浸润麻醉对择期腹腔镜胆囊切除术后疼痛、恶心症状的影响.方法随机将50例病人分为对照组和实验组,在门静脉周围和腹膜内分别浸润生理盐水66ml和罗吡卡因66ml;术后3h记录疼痛和恶心的程度、部位及所补充的哌替啶用量.结果罗吡卡因局部浸润可减轻术后3h的切口疼痛和恶心症状,但对腹内和肩部疼痛无明显效果;且术后3h所补充的哌替啶的用量显著减少.结论躯体、内脏局部浸润麻醉可减轻术后3h的切口疼痛、恶心及哌替啶用量.