Respiratory mechanics and pleural remodelling in pleurodesis induced by barium sulphate

The aim of this study was to determine whether an intrapleural injection of barium sulphate would produce pleurodesis in rats. Additionally, respiratory mechanics and pleural remodelling were analysed. Single intrapleural injection of barium sulphate (100%) or saline was given to Wistar rats. Respiratory system, lung, and chest wall elastic, resistive and viscoelastic/inhomogeneous pressures were measured by the end-inflation occlusion method at 2 and 30 days after injection. The pleura were examined for gross and histopathological evidence of pleural inflammation and fibrosis, and the underlying lungs were also studied by morphometry. All pulmonary mechanical parameters increased at day 2, but were not different from control at 30 days after injection. Chest wall mechanical parameters did not change. Macroscopic evaluation demonstrated pleural adherence without haemothorax. Histopathologic analysis showed pleural inflammation and fibrosis. There was no alveolar inflammation or fibrosis in both groups. In conclusion, barium sulphate induced pleurodesis with either no changes in respiratory mechanics or lung lesion at day 30.     

Is it safe to use a thermocautery device for circumcision? Examination of the histopathological changes emerging after thermocautery-assisted circumcisions

Multiple number of techniques and devices have been described concerning circumcision method so far. One of them is thermocautery device, and it has been widely used. Although there is controversy that the penis may be damaged due to the heat generated during the use of the device, not enough histopathological studies have been conducted. We aimed to determine the histopathological changes in human foreskin caused by heat after circumcision with thermocautery and to demonstrate the safety of the use of a thermocautery-assisted circumcision. Forty-one patients were divided into two groups according to the thermal energy used during cutting with thermocautery as follows: high temperature (Group 1, n = 22) and low temperature (Group 2, n = 19). The effect of the heat intensity and depth of the coagulation necrosis produced with thermocautery-assisted circumcisions performed at low and high temperatures were evaluated. The difference between the groups was not statistically significant. Tissue damage is extremely limited in thermocautery-assisted circumcisions, even when it is used at high temperatures. The thermocautery device can be used for effective and safe circumcisions.     

Three rare cases of benign mixed tumour of the skin displaying mature bone and cartilage elements

Mixed tumour of the skin is a rare adnexal tumour of sweat gland origin, which can be benign or malignant. Histologically, it is defined by the presence of epithelial, myoepithelial and mesenchymal elements. The latter can take several forms, but both bone formation and cartilage formation are independently rare features. We present three rare cases of mixed tumour of the skin. Two of these displayed both mature bone and cartilaginous mesenchymal elements, while the third displayed mature bone formation without cartilage.     

Primary hyperoxaluria diagnosed after kidney transplant: A review of the literature and case report of aggressive renal replacement therapy and lumasiran to prevent allograft loss

Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 is a rare inherited disorder caused by abnormal liver glyoxalate metabolism leading to overproduction of oxalate, progressive kidney disease, and systemic oxalosis. While the disorder typically presents with nephrocalcinosis, recurrent nephrolithiasis, and/or early chronic kidney disease, the diagnosis is occasionally missed until it recurs after kidney transplant. Allograft outcomes in these cases are typically very poor, often with early graft loss. Here we present the case of a child diagnosed with primary hyperoxaluria type 1 after kidney transplant who was able to maintain kidney function, thanks to aggressive renal replacement therapy as well as initiation of a new targeted therapy for this disease. This case highlights the importance of having a high index of suspicion for primary hyperoxaluria in patients with chronic kidney disease and nephrocalcinosis/nephrolithiasis or with end stage kidney disease of uncertain etiology, as initiating therapies early on may prevent poor outcomes.     

Temporal Bone Histopathology in Connexin 26–Related Hearing Loss

Objective: Mutations in GJB2, a gene that encodes a gap junction protein, Connexin 26 (Cx26), are responsible for approximately one third of sporadic severe‐to‐profound or profound congenital deafness and half of severe‐to‐profound or profound autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss (ARNSHL). Mouse mutants homozygous for knockouts of this gene are nonviable, precluding histopathologic studies of the associated inner ear pathology in this animal model. Therefore, we studied archival temporal bone sections to identify temporal bone donors with Cx26‐related deafness. Study Design: Temporal bone donors with a history of congenital severe‐to‐profound or profound deafness were identified in the registry of the Temporal Bone Library at the University of Iowa. Histological findings were interpreted in a blinded fashion. DNA extracted from two celloidin‐embedded mid‐modiolar sections from each temporal bone was screened for the 35delG Cx26 mutation. The entire coding region of Cx26 was screened for other deafness‐causing mutations if the 35delG mutation was detected. Results: Of five temporal bone donors with congenital severe‐to‐profound deafness, one donor was found to have Cx26‐related deafness. This individual was a Cx26 compound heterozygote, carrying the 35delG mutation and a noncomplementary Cx26 missense mutation on the opposing allele. Microscopic evaluation of this temporal bone showed no neural degeneration, a good population of spiral ganglion cells, near‐total degeneration of hair cells in the organ of Corti, a detached and rolled‐up tectorial membrane, agenesis of the stria vascularis, and a large cyst in the scala media in the region of the stria vascularis. Conclusion: This study is the first to report the temporal bone histopathology associated with Cx26‐related deafness. Preservation of neurons in the spiral ganglion suggests that long‐term successful habilitation with cochlear implants may be possible in persons with severe‐to‐profound or profound Cx26‐related deafness.     

氟碳部分液体通气对吸入性损伤犬的呼吸道组织病理学影响

目的：观察氟碳部分液体通气在治疗吸入性损伤中,呼吸道组织病理的变化,探讨氟碳部分液体通气治疗吸入性损伤的机理。方法：采用蒸汽吸入造成急性呼吸道损伤,观察氟碳部分液通气＋高频通气治疗组与单纯高频通气对照组的气管,支气管,肺的光镜下HE染色的组织形态变化。结果：（1）对照组和治疗组均表现为左侧支气管,肺病变轻于右侧;（2）治疗组病变轻于对照组。结论：吸入性损伤的组织病理学改变以右侧为重,氟碳部分液体通气,可减轻吸入性损伤呼吸道充血水肿,并有明显的抗炎作用,可能为其治疗吸知识性损伤的机理之一。     

犬蒸气吸入性损伤的实验研究——CT表现与病理对照

目的 :应用犬进行蒸气吸入性损伤的实验研究 ,探讨其肺部CT表现与病理对照。方法 :分别对 16条健康杂种犬蒸气吸入性损伤前、后进行肺部CT扫描 ,取其离体肺组织制成病理切片。将CT和病理结果进行分析、比较。结果 :CT可敏感地显示吸入性损伤犬的早期肺部改变。结论 :本实验为临床用无创伤性的检查手段来实现诊断早期吸入性损伤提供了可靠的实验依据     

竹鼠马尔尼菲青霉菌感染的病理学研究

目的 研究马尔尼菲青霉菌感染竹鼠的组织病理学方法。方法 应用ＨＥ,Ｇｒｏｃｏｔｔｅ,免疫组化染色及电镜观察。结果 马尔尼菲青霉菌引起竹鼠各脏器的组织病理学改变为化脓性病变及肉芽肿性病变,病变轻微。结论 竹鼠为马尔尼菲青霉菌的天然储库,主要侵犯竹鼠的肺和单核巨噬细胞系统。     

硬化性上皮样纤维肉瘤组织病理学特征及临床诊断

目的 分析硬化性上皮样纤维肉瘤的组织病理学特征及临床诊断。方法 组织病理观察。免疫组织化学及电镜观察。结果 硬化上皮样纤维肉瘤主要以上皮样细胞伴大量胶原纤维为特征,肿瘤细胞呈ｖｉｍｅｎｔｉｎ阳性反应,电镜可见胶原分泌颗粒。结论 硬化性上皮样纤维肉瘤是一种较为少见的软组织肿瘤,须正确把握其诊断与鉴别诊断。     

加味四逆散治疗脂肪肝的实验研究

目的：探讨加味四逆散在脂肪肝治疗中的作用机理。方法：采用复合致病因素造成大鼠脂肪肝模型，以加味四逆散为治疗组，脂必妥片作对照，观察加味四逆散对模型大鼠的影响。结果：模型组大鼠肝重增加，肝脏脂变严重，血清胆固醇(TC)，三酰甘油(TG)升高，高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)降低。结论：加味四逆散能显著改善上述病理变化，降低TC、TG，升高HDL-C。