快速开颅技术在外伤性颅内血肿合并脑疝抢救治疗中的效果

目的分析快速开颅技术在外伤性颅内血肿合并脑疝抢救治疗中的临床价值。方法随机选取2012-10—2013-10我院诊治的外伤性颅内血肿合并脑疝患者72例,按照完全抽样法1︰1分成2组,对照组患者行常规血肿清除术,研究组患者行快速开颅血肿清除术,比较2组治疗后近期疗效、血生化指标与生存质量情况。结果研究组患者骨窗完成时间(12.87±5.24)min,较对照组的(27.94±3.78)min短,随访良好率52.78%,对照组30.56%,研究组病死率11.11%,对照组33.33%,2组比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.01);研究组患者手术后的颅内压、手术第14天与第28天S-100B水平与NDS评分均显著低于对照组(P0.01),研究组手术第7、14与28天NSE水平均较对照组低(P0.05)。结论外伤性颅内出血合并脑疝患者开颅清除术前行快速减压法,可缩短完成骨窗时间,减轻神经功能缺损严重程度,改善术后生存质量。     

额颞枕顶超大骨瓣减压术对幕上恶性脑梗塞的临床疗效研究

目的：评估额颞枕顶超大骨瓣减压术对幕上恶性脑梗塞（ supra－tentorial malignant in－farcts,STMBI）的临床疗效。方法：采用前瞻性研究的方法,将临床和放射学诊断为STMBI的患者分为手术组和对照组,比较两组的术后死亡率;随访1年后比较两组患者的格拉斯哥预后评分（ GOS）、Bar－thal指数。结果：本次研究共纳入共26例研究对象,其中手术组13例,对照组13例。术前两组年龄、GCS比较差异无统计学意义。随访1年结果显示,手术组和对照组1年生存率分别为为84．6％和69．2％（p＞0．05）。格拉斯哥预后评分（GOS）、Barthal 指数在手术组更好（p＜0．05）。结论：STMBI 患者早期行额颞枕顶超大骨瓣减压术与保守治疗相比,不仅降低了死亡率,还改善了预后。     

ICU 常规与优化治疗对心脏骤停后综合征患者心肺、脑复苏情况的影响分析

目的：分析ICU 常规与优化治疗对心脏骤停后综合征患者心肺、脑复苏情况的影响。方法：选取90 例心脏骤停后综合征患者作为本次的研究对象,患者就诊时间段为2018 年7 月到2019 年11 月,按照数字表达法将其分为两组,其中接受ICU 常规治疗的45 例患者设为对照组,将另外45 例接受ICU 优化治疗的患者纳入观察组。将两组心脏骤停后综合征患者的神经功能评分、全心舒张末期容积指数、心脏指数、意识恢复时间以及并发症发生率进行对比。结果：经过治疗后,观察组患者的神经功能以及临床指标改善情况明显优于对照组;观察组的并发症发生率为4.4%;对照组的并发症发生率为17.8%,两组心脏骤停后综合征患者的神经功能评分、临床指标以及并发症发生率结果差异存在统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：与ICU 常规治疗相比,ICU 优化治疗对心脏骤停后综合征患者的临床疗效更为显著,能够促进患者脑复苏情况的改善,提高神经功能恢复效率,改善心功能指标,减少并发症的产生,提升综合征患者的生存质量,具有积极的推广价值。     

Disruption of Limbic Pathways in a Case of Profound Amnesia

We report a case of episodic amnesia in which the anatomical basis of injury was investigated by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Two months after an adult male suffered severe closed head injury, conventional magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) revealed only a right superior frontal lesion. However, 14 years later, DTI revealed structural anomalies not visible on CMRI involving limbic white matter tracts, notably the fornix, which could explain the amnesia.     

Complete Denture Occlusion: An Evidence‐Based Approach

Purpose : This study involved an extensive search for randomized controlled clinical trials comparing bilateral balanced and canine‐guided dentures, and questioned whether a bilateral balanced occlusion is imperative for successful denture treatment. Materials and Methods : Studies were identified by searching electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, LILACS, and BBD). The keywords “denture” and “occlusion” were used. The minimum inclusion requirements were (1) randomized controlled trials with patients of any age wearing both maxillary and mandibular conventional complete dentures (CDs), (2) comparison between bilateral balanced and canine‐guided dentures, and (3) assessment of masticatory function and/or patients’ satisfaction. Results : The search resulted in the identification of 5166 articles. Subsequently, 5156 articles were excluded on the basis of title and abstract. By the end of the search phase, seven randomized controlled trials were considered eligible. Conclusions : Current scientific evidence suggests that bilateral balanced occlusion is not imperative for successful treatment with conventional CDs in average patients. More studies are necessary to identify if specific clinical conditions may benefit from a balanced occlusion.     

细孔钻颅和小骨窗血肿清除术治疗老年高血压脑出血的疗效对比

目的 对比分析细孔钻颅术血肿抽吸术和小骨窗血肿清除术治疗老年高血压脑出血的疗效、安全性以及预后。方法 选择2014年1月至2015年1月亳州市人民医院收治的80例高血压脑出血患者,采用投掷硬币法将患者随机分为观察组40例及对照组40例,观察组行细孔钻颅血肿抽吸术,对照组行小骨窗血肿清除术,对比两组患者的手术效果、并发症、神经功能恢复情况及生存质量。结果 观察组手术时间、血肿吸收时间和住院时间均显著短于对照组（P<0.05）,观察组血肿清除率、术后恢复率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,重残率、并发症均低于对照组（5.00% vs 45.00%,20.00% vs 27.50%）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;出院时、术后随访期间美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分均显著低于对照组（P<0.05）,观察组患者随访6个月、1年生存质量评分均高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 细孔钻颅术较小骨窗血肿清除术治疗老年高血压脑出血疗效更为显著,并发症发生率低,术后恢复率高,且可明显改善患者神经功能和生存质量。     

Dibucaine in Ionic-Gradient Liposomes: Biophysical,Toxicological, and Activity Characterization

Administration of local anesthetics is one of the most effective pain control techniques for postoperative analgesia. However, anesthetic agents easily diffuse into the injection site, limiting the time of anesthesia. One approach to prolong analgesia is to entrap local anesthetic agents in nanostructured carriers (e.g., liposomes). Here, we report that using an ammonium sulphate gradient was the best strategy to improve the encapsulation (62.6%) of dibucaine (DBC) into liposomes. Light scattering and nanotracking analyses were used to characterize vesicle properties, such as, size, polydispersity, zeta potentials, and number. In vitro kinetic experiments revealed the sustained release of DBC (50% in 7 h) from the liposomes. In addition, in vitro (3T3 cells in culture) and in vivo (zebrafish) toxicity assays revealed that ionic-gradient liposomes were able to reduce DBC cyto/cardiotoxicity and morphological changes in zebrafish larvae. Moreover, the anesthesia time attained after infiltrative administration in mice was longer with encapsulated DBC (27 h) than that with free DBC (11 h), at 320 μM (0.012%), confirming it as a promising long-acting liposome formulation for parenteral drug administration of DBC.