重点中学高三学生应激生活事件调查

目的研究应激生活事件对重点中学高三学生的影响。方法通过自编的“高中生生活事件调查表”,对浙江省金华市一所省级重点中学的高三学生进行了调查。结果不同的生活事件对高三学生的影响各异。性别、文理科对高三学生的应激强度有影响。结论应重视生活事件对高三学生心理上的影响,做好考前心理辅导工作。     

Engagement with health and social care services: perceptions of homeless young people with mental health problems

The present qualitative study describes and discusses the perspectives and experiences of young homeless people with mental health problems in relation to their interactions with health and social care services. Working in partnership with Streetlink, a supported accommodation assistance programme in Adelaide, Australia, the authors interviewed 10 homeless young people, aged from 16 to 24 years of age, who had experienced mental health problems. In-depth interviews elicited accounts of the best and worst of the participants' experiences of health and social care services. Access to services was not identified as being a significant problem in comparison with the participants' concerns regarding the quality of the services encountered. The central findings stress the importance of a respectful and supportive climate in relation to the qualities of service provision that the young people identified as valuable for their continuing treatment or consultation.     

Violence exposure and burn-out among Turkish nursing home staff

AIM: The aim of this study was to describe the frequency of violence against personnel from residents and to identify the prevalence of burn-out among staff working in nursing homes. METHODS: The study was performed in two cities in the west of Turkey. A semi-structured questionnaire on violence and Pines' Burnout scale were distributed among all the staff working in six nursing homes, and 214 of them responded. RESULTS: Of the total number of respondents, 56% stated that they had been exposed to violence during the preceding year. More than 20% stated that they had reported violence to their supervisor. Less than 10% had received medical or psychological support following the event. Violent incidents were reported significantly more frequently among staff who reported problems working with elderly residents. There was no relationship between violence towards staff and burn-out. CONCLUSIONS: Violence is commonly experienced by care workers in nursing homes for the elderly. Strategies to improve occupational conditions in nursing homes are required.     

The effect of admission to a geriatric ward on medication use: 2002 versus 1985

PURPOSE: To investigate the changes in pharmacotherapy of patients during and after admission to a geriatric ward in 2002 and to investigate if this goes along with reduction of drugs. To describe the differences of the admitted patients and their medication in 2002 compared to 1985. METHODS: Included patients were admitted to the geriatric ward of a general hospital in the Netherlands during 2002 (n = 258, mean age 84.2 years). Medication at admission, during admission and at discharge were described after retrospective reviewing of medical charts. A comparable study was performed at the same ward in 1985. RESULTS: In 2002, most frequently used medication at admission was acetylsalicylic acid (30.2%). Pantoprazole was during admission used in 38.8% of patients and at discharge in 31.8%. Folic acid that was at admission used by 11.6% of patients was at discharge increased to 23.4%. At discharge, vitamin D was used in 21.5% of patients, whereas lisinopril was used in 17.8% of patients. Both in 1985 and 2002 vitamins were added and use of antibiotics was increased during admission. A mean addition of 1.0 drug in 1985 and of 0.7 drugs in 2002 was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Geriatric hospital admission resulted both in 1985 and 2002 in addition of medication. In both periods reductions in medication were nullified by addition of medication for reason of therapy optimisation. Compared to 1985 admitted patients receive more medication resulting from new insights into pharmacotherapy and more use of preventive medicine.     

Histochemical and ultrastructural aspects of M. vastus lateralis in sedentary old people (age 65–89 years)

Summary Biopsies for histochemical and ultrastructural studies were taken from the M. vastus lateralis of 45 healthy sedentary men and women aged 65–89 years. With increasing age the histochemical reactions reveal changes in the fibre type distribution characterized by a decrease in the percentage and predominant atrophy of type II fibres.The most frequent changes in the oldest subjects are: targetoid fibres, type I fibre predominance, and type grouping phenomena; expressions of denervation. Myopathic alterations are observed unusually. Electron microscopic findings are characterized by myofibrillar disorder, streaming of Z line and rod formation, and dilatation and increase of sarcoplasmic reticulum. As the age increases, the fibres become richer in intracellular lipid droplets and lysosomes.Intramuscular microcirculatory alterations, consisting of arteriolosclerotic changes and increase in width of the capillary basement membrane, are also observed and discussed.     

A case of gastrojejunal rupture

Rupture of the stomach, duodenum and jejunum are well-recognized complications of non-penetrating abdominal trauma. This case is thought to be the first recorded injury of its kind.     

The management of fractures in Paget''s disease of bone

The results of the treatment of 89 fractures of bone affected by Paget's disease are presented. The typical features of these fractures, the common sites affected, the rate of healing and the complications involved, including the incidence of malignant change, are reviewed. The possible role of calcitonin in the prevention of these fractures is discussed.     

Temperature related mortality and ambulance service interventions during the heat waves of 2003 in Ticino (Switzerland)

Summary. Objectives This study investigates a potential increase in mortality and in the demand for ambulance emergency services among the elderly in particular, in Ticino in the summer of 2003. Methods Mortality rates and emergency ambulance interventions rates were compared with records from the previous years. We considered the whole population, aged 65 and over, as well as 75 and over. Results The 2003 mortality in the population was not signifi cantly different from the previous years. The number of deaths among the elderly showed a small but significant deviation from the expected values during the first heat wave in June 2003, with no significant impact on the seasonal results. The number of ambulance service interventions was larger than during the previous years. Conclusion These results are consistent with findings in other studies. The heat waves (especially in June), were correlated with a higher number of ambulance callouts. In addition to some geographic, climatic, and social factors that had a protective impact, the response of the emergency services is likely to have contributed to a certain reduction in mortality. Submitted: 29 October 2004; Accepted: 29 August 2005