重组血管内皮细胞生长因子在大肠杆菌的高效表达

目的:使重组血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)在大肠杆菌中得到高效表达.方法:通过构建表达重组VEGF的质粒PRL621/VEGF,并在大肠杆菌中高效表达.结果:表达量约占菌体总蛋白的40%.对形成包含体的表达产物进行变性,初步复性处理,得到重组人VEGF粗提液,鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜试验表明有促血管生长活性,N-端15个氨基酸序列分析结果,与天然VEGF蛋白质相应序列一致.     

成人原发性肾病综合征血容量与肾素,醛固酮,心钠素的关系

探讨成人原发性肾病综合征(NS)血容量与肾素、醛固酮及心钠素的关系。方法 应用~(113)mInCl标记转铁蛋白稀释法测定血容量,放免法测定血浆激素水平。对水肿期NS28例、正常26例及其中NS缓解期随访18例进行检测。结果 (1)水肿期NS血容量与正常组无差别,血浆肾素活性(PRA)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(ATⅡ)、醛固酮(Ald)、心钠素(ANP)水平均较正常组高,白蛋白、各激素水平与血容量无显著相关;(2)缓解期与水肿期比较,总的血容量无差异,Ald、ANP显著降低,PRA、ATⅡ则无明显差异;(3)Ald与24小时尿排钠(UNaV)显著负相关。结论 Ald和ANP是NS钠排泄的主要调节因子。     

A guar-enriched wholemeal bread reduces postprandial glucose and insulin responses

We have developed a guar wholemeal bread and tested its physiological efficacy and sensory qualities. The objective of the study was to estimate the optimum concentration of guar in bread required to reduce postprandial glycaemia and insulinaemia without adversely affecting the quality of the bread. Following overnight fasts, 15 normal weight, non-diabetic subjects consumed meals of wholemeal bread alone (controls) and supplemented with guar at three different concentrations (5, 10 and 15% replacement of wheat flour). Blood samples for glucose and insulin analysis were taken preprandially, and at 30 and 60 min after the start of each meal. The acceptability of the wholemeal control and guar breads was assessed using a hedonic scaling method. A significantly lower blood glucose rise at 30 min was found after the 15% guar bread meal compared to the control. Plasma insulin responses at 30 and 60 min were significantly lower after the 10 and 15% guar bread meals compared to the controls. Hedonic scores indicated that the subjects found the 5 and 10% guar breads acceptable and in the case of the 5% variety the mean score was identical to the control. We suggest that a guar concentration of between 5 and 10% replacement of wheat flour (wholemeal or white) should be used for the baking of guar wholemeal bread but further work is needed to define the precise quantity of guar required.     

离体不同时间血痕的肉眼和扫描电镜观察

对离体不同时间血痕进行肉眼和扫描电镜观察，获得了血痕形态结构变化的初步认识．结果随时间延长，血痕逐渐干燥、龟裂，电镜下纤维蛋白网消失，其超微结构变化观察有助于血痕经过时间的推断．     

抗—HCV阳性单采浆供血员HGV感染随访研究

为了解单采浆供血员庚型肝炎病毒（ＨＧＶ）感染及其转归，对１０２名抗－ＨＣＶ阳性单采浆供血员冻存血清进行抗－ＨＧＶ和ＨＧＶＲＮＡ检测，对抗－ＨＧＶ和（或）ＨＧＶＲＮＡ阳性者作３年随访研究。采用ＥＩＡ法检测抗－ＨＧＶ，包被抗原来自ＨＧＶ不同功能区的合成肽。应用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ法检测ＨＧＶＲＮＡ，引物选自ＨＧＶＮＳ３区。结果表明，抗－ＨＣＶ阳性单采浆供血员ＨＧＶＲＮＡ阳性率为１９．６１％（２０／１０２），抗－ＨＧＶ阳性率为１７．６５％（１８／１０２），ＨＧＶ感染率（抗ＨＧＶ和／或ＨＧＶＲＮＡ阳性）为２４．５１％（２５／１０２），而对照组仅为０．９４％（１／１０６）。提示单采血浆是ＨＧＶ感染的重要危险因素。ＨＧＶＲＮＡ和抗－ＨＧＶ的３年阴转率分别为３５．００％（７／２０）和１１．１１％（２／１８），说明ＨＧＶ感染有慢性携带趋势     

Biocompatibility of Hemoglobin Solutions. II. The Inflammatory Reaction of Human Monocytes and Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages

This study explored the inflammatory mechanism of toxicity of hemoglobin solutions (Hb-S). Human monocytes and mouse activated peritoneal macrophages were incubated with seven different solutions. The first four consisted of non-cross-linked bovine Hb. Of these, Hb-SI was incompletely purified of stromal phospholipids, Hb-SII was contaminated with environmental bacterial endotoxins, Hb-SIII was pure hemoglobin, and Hb-SIV was pure Hb with the addition of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and mannitol (M). The other three solutions were made of pure bovine Hb cross-linked with different agents: Hb-SV, reacted with glutaraldehyde; Hb-SVI reacted with bis-3,5-dibromosalicyl fumarate (DBSF); and Hb-SVII reacted with a ring-opened dialdehyde derivative of 5'(pyro)-phosphate of adenosine (ATP) (o-ATP). The reaction of monocytes and macrophages was studied in terms of (a) O2-derived radicals, as determined by the measurement of H2O2 and lipid peroxides; (b) complement factor C3a desArg; (c) 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (stable metabolite of prostacyclin); and (d) TxB2 (stable metabolite of thromboxane) released into the culture supernatants. The most significant reactions were obtained with the solutions contaminated with stromal phospholipids or bacterial endotoxins. Pure Hb was less reactive. Further reduction in proinflammatory activity was achieved by the addition of oxygen radical-scavengers (SOD, CAT, and M), or by the cross-linking of Hb with DBSF or o-ATP.     

不同年龄,职业及文化程度人群心身健康特点的研究

探讨我国不同年龄、职业及文化程度的心身健康特点。方法根据我国人口学资料分层抽样，采用标准化的中国心身健康量表进行人群心身健康测查。结果（１）以５５～６４，２５～３４及４５～５４岁年龄组，离退休人员、干部及技术人员的心身健康量表分均较高，工人及军人次之，而农民心身健康各量表分最低；（２）初、高中者心身健康各量表分较高，大学次之，小学最低。结论我国不同年龄、职业及文化程度的心身健康状况不同。     

Fat metabolism and its response to infusion of insulin and glucose in patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Summary. In order to investigate fat metabolism and the regulation of lipolysis and blood fuel metabolites by insulin, nine patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with chronic hypoxaemia and seven healthy control subjects of similar age were investigated by determination of the turnover rate of free fatty acids (TOR), using 1-¹⁴C-oleic acid as a tracer, and arterial concentrations of FFA, glycerol and 3-hydroxybutyrate. The measurements were performed in the basal state and during insulin and glucose infusion, aiming at euglycaemia at insulin levels of 50 and 100 mU l^-1. The subjects' ages were 64±2.7 and 66±1.1 (mean±SEM) years in the COPD and control groups, respectively. TOR was 0.73±0.06 and 0.52±0.02 mmol min^-1 (P<0.05) in the basal state, 0.33±0.04 and 0.30±0.02 at an insulin level of 50 mU I^-1 and 0.32±0.08 and 0.24±0.02 at an insulin level of 100 mU I^-1, in the COPD and control groups, respectively. Arterial FFA concentration was 0.98±0.08 and 0.75±0.06 mmol 1^-1 (P<0.05) in the basal state in the COPD and control groups, respectively. During the clamp, the decrease in FFA mirrored that in TOR. The results show that the state of lipolysis is increased in severe COPD patients with chronic hypoxaemia. Furthermore, the results suggest a reduced effect of insulin in lipolysis.     

Plasma Separator for Encapsulating Fluorescent Probe in Erythrocytes

Using a plasma separator, it is possible to wash large volumes of whole blood free of plasma proteins in short periods. The novelty, however, is that the same apparatus can be used to reversibly hemolyze and reseal the red blood cells (RBCs) using hypotonic and hypertonic dialysates, respectively. This technique was assessed using the fluorescent exogenous agent uranin (fluorescein sodium). Results indicate that the encapsulation of the RBCs can be completed in under 2 h. The encapsulation efficiency of the RBCs was approximately 80% with a RBC recovery rate of 75%.     

Perioperative specific management of blood volume loss in craniosynostosis surgery

Accurate assessment and replacement of blood loss and fluid–electrolyte deficit during craniosynostosis repair is difficult owing to patient size and the diversity of surgical technique. Forty-three patients undergoing primary craniosynostosis repair over a 10-year period were studied retrospectively to determine blood loss and fluid deficit and to assess blood transfusion practices during both intraoperative and postoperative periods. Blood loss was calculated on the basis of estimated red cell mass (ERCM) and fluid-electrolyte imbalance was investigated with blood samplings. Blood transfusion was considered appropriate if the postoperative or posttransfusion ERCM was within 12% of the preoperative value. Estimated fluid requirement (EFR) was used in 4 ml kg^–1 h^–1 except for neonates. Intraoperatively, 80% of all patients were appropriately managed with respect to blood transfusion and EFR. Postoperatively only 20% of the patients receiving transfusions were transfused appropriately. In 23.3% of these patients (10/43) unexpected respiratory distress developed immediately after their recovery from the anesthesia. With the measurement of estimated blood volume and allowable blood loss, appropriate transfusion could be achieved for the successful treatment of the primary craniosynostosis. Received: 16 February 1998