运动员维生素E营养水平初探

采用荧光分光光度法对４０名北京体院竞技体校运动员和３０名普通大学生维生素Ｅ（ＶＥ）营养水平作了调查，结果表明：①运动员组与大学生组平均血清ＶＥ含量分别为１．２０±０．２８ｍｇ／ｄｌ和１．３３±０．３３ｍｇ／ｄｌ，运动员明显低于大学生组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。②竞走及中长跑组与短跑组平均血清ＶＥ含量分别为１．２４±０．２６ｍｇ／ｄｌ和１．１８±０．２９ｍｇ／ｄｌ，二者无明显差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。而将这两组与大学生组比，则短跑组表现的差异大（Ｐ＜０．０５），竞走及中长跑组与大学生组没有显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。③从血中ＶＥ／ＴＣ（胆固醇）比值看，运动员组虽有低于大学生组的趋势，但两者无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。运动员的ＶＥ营养状况是否存在不同于普通大学生的现象仍有待进一步的研究。     

运动对青年男子血清六种激素的影响

用放免法测定３４名青年男性消防员运动前后血清ＦＳＨ、ＬＨ、ＰＲＬ、Ｔ、Ｅ２和Ｐ含量。平静状态时ＰＲＬ和Ｐ分别为１７．７３±７．１４ｎｇ／ｍｌ和１．０８±０．２８ｎｇ／ｍｌ,运动后分别升高至３７．０１±１８．４１ｎｇ／ｍｌ（Ｐ＝０．０００１）和１．４０±０．３２ｎｇ／ｍｌ（Ｐ＝０．００５）。余４种激素运动前后的变化无统计学意义。本试验证明青年男子剧烈运动能使ＰＲＬ和Ｐ明显升高,却不能改变血清ＦＳＨ、ＬＨ、Ｔ及Ｅ２含量。青年男子在应激状态下ＰＲＬ及Ｐ的升高对性功能的抑制可能起着重要作用。     

CT and MR features of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in children and young adults

AIM: To clarify CT and MR features of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in children and young adults. METHOD: CT and MR findings of 13 patients (30 years old or younger) with a histopathologic diagnosis of NPC were reviewed. RESULTS: Skull base invasion (12/13), lymphadenopathy (10/13), and infiltrative growth (8/8) were common findings. The signal intensity of tumours was slightly higher than that of muscles in six cases and isointense to that of muscles in two cases on T1-weighted images; it was higher than that of muscle and lower than that of cerebellar grey matter on T2-weighted images in all cases. Internal signals were homogeneous in both pre- and post-Gd-enhanced MR images in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: Despite its rarity in this age group, NPC should be included in a differential diagnosis when CT and MR imaging reveal these features.     

中青年缺血性卒中脑动脉狭窄分布及危险因素分析

目的探讨中青年缺血性卒中患者脑动脉狭窄分布规律及相关危险因素。方法对50例青年缺血性卒中患者及68例中年患者行DSA检查,收集患者的临床资料,并进行比较。结果与青年组比较,中年组前循环血管狭窄率显著降低,后循环及联合病变率显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。青年组颅内血管狭窄率显著高于颅外及颅内-外联合病变率(均P0.01),中年组颅内-外联合病变显著高于颅内及颅外病变(均P0.05)。与青年组比较,中年组颅内血管狭窄率显著降低,颅外及颅内-外联合病变率显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。与青年组比较,中年组颅外动脉轻度狭窄的比率显著降低,中度狭窄及重度狭窄的比率显著增高(均P0.01)。与青年组比较,中年组颅内动脉轻度狭窄的比率显著降低,重度狭窄的比率显著增高(均P0.05)。与中年组比较,青年组高同型半胱氨酸血症比率显著增高(P0.01),糖尿病、冠心病、高血压比率显著降低(P0.05~0.01)。结论青年缺血性脑血管病的脑动脉狭窄以前循环病变为主,单纯大脑中动脉狭窄及高同型半胱氨酸血症发生率较高,伴发的动脉粥样硬化性疾病相对偏少。中年缺血性卒中患者后循环病变增多,串联及联合病变更多见,动脉狭窄程度更重,伴发的动脉粥样硬化性相关疾病更多。     

影响青年人自发性脑出血预后的相关因素分析

目的研究影响青年自发性脑出血患者预后的相关因素,指导青年自发性脑出血的治疗。方法回顾性分析2012年1月~2014年12月镇江市第一人民医院神经外科收治的53例青年自发性脑出血手术治疗患者的临床资料。根据发病后3个月时的格拉斯哥预后量表(GOS)评分,将患者分为预后良好组(GOS评分≥4分)和预后不良组(GOS评分≤3分)。比较两组患者的格拉斯哥昏迷量表(GCS)评分、收缩压、平均动脉压、出血量、血脂水平、发病时随机血糖水平、血肿是否破入脑室、凝血功能、肝功能及肾功能,分析其是否与预后有关。结果预后良好组与预后不良组的GCS评分、收缩压、平均动脉压、出血量、血脂水平、发病时随机血糖水平比较,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05);而凝血功能、肝功能及肾功能的差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论影响青年人自发性脑出血预后的有关因素较多,GCS评分、收缩压、平均动脉压、出血量、血脂水平、发病时随机血糖水平与其预后有显著的关系,可用于预测青年自发性脑出血的预后。     

The implication of frontostriatal circuits in young smokers: A resting‐state study

The critical roles of frontostriatal circuits had been revealed in addiction. With regard to young smokers, the implication of frontostriatal circuits resting‐state functional connectivity (RSFC) in smoking behaviors and cognitive control deficits remains unclear. In this study, the volume of striatum subsets, i.e., caudate, putamen, and nucleus accumbens, and corresponding RSFC differences were investigated between young smokers (n₁ = 60) and nonsmokers (n₂ = 60), which were then correlated with cigarette smoking measures, such as pack_years‐cumulative effect of smoking, Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND)‐severity of nicotine addiction, Questionnaire on Smoking Urges (QSU)‐craving state, and Stroop task performances. Additionally, mediation analysis was carried out to test whether the frontostriatal RSFC mediates the relationship between striatum morphometry and cognitive control behaviors in young smokers when applicable. We revealed increased volume of right caudate and reduced RSFC between caudate and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), orbitofrontal cortex in young smokers. Significant positive correlation between right caudate volume and QSU as well as negative correlation between anterior cingulate cortex‐right caudate RSFC and FTND were detected in young smokers. More importantly, DLPFC‐caudate RSFC strength mediated the relationship between caudate volume and incongruent errors during Stroop task in young smokers. Our results demonstrated that young smokers showed abnormal interactions within frontostriatal circuits, which were associated with smoking behaviors and cognitive control impairments. It is hoped that our study focusing on frontostriatal circuits could provide new insights into the neural correlates and potential novel therapeutic targets for treatment of young smokers. Hum Brain Mapp 37:2013–2026, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc .     

Health status and use of medications by adults with intellectual disability in Western Australia

Background Evidence suggests that adults with intellectual disability (ID) are vulnerable to poor health outcomes. This paper describes the health status and medication use of adults with ID in Western Australia.

Method We conducted a cross-sectional survey by interview of 328 adults with ID (M age?=?37 years, range: 18–82) and their families/support persons (79% proxy or joint informants).

Results Although 90% of participants reported long-term health conditions (M?=?2.6, range: 0–10), including epilepsy, allergies, eczema, asthma, and mental health problems, three quarters of the participants (77%) described their health as good or very good. Younger participants (18–44 years) reported osteoporosis and stroke, conditions commonly associated with ageing, more often than the general population at those ages. Medication use was high, with 70% taking one or more medications (Mdn?=?3 medications, range: 0–21).

Conclusions Many participants reported that health problems affected their daily lives, yet the majority reported good health. Long-term health conditions were common and many people used several types of medications. Participants had poorer health than the Western Australian population overall. Careful monitoring of health conditions and regular review of medications are recommended to improve health outcomes for adults with ID.     

青年脑卒中研究进展

脑卒中是导致人们致死、致残的主要原因,现如今脑卒中的发病率逐年增高,而其发病年龄则呈现逐年下降的趋势。本文针对青年患者脑卒中的发病原因、危险因素、治疗方法以及预后等方面作一综述,旨在概括青年脑卒中目前的研究进展与研究方向,为疾病的研究提供相关参考。