负压封闭引流术在脊柱后路内固定术后深部感染治疗中的应用

目的探讨负压封闭引流（vacuum sealing drainage,VSD）在治疗脊柱后路内固定术术后感染中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2006年1月～2009年12月应用VSD治疗11例脊柱内固定术术后深部感染患者的治疗经过,以总结出合理的诊疗方法。结果11例患者应用VSD技术处理创面1～3次,每次引流7—10d。10例患者保留椎间植骨融合器、椎弓根钉、连接棒,仅取出横连。1例患者术中发现内固定已松动,取出所有内固定。随访6～36个月,所有患者均获得临床治愈。结论VSD技术可以充分引流脊柱后路内固定术术后深部感染伤口的脓液并消灭其死腔;同时增加了取出横连保留其他内固定的安全性,有利于切口早习愈合及尽早进行功能锻炼。     

保留内置物清创联合真空负压封闭引流治疗早发性腰椎融合术后感染

目的回顾分析保留内置物清创联合真空负压封闭引流治疗早发性腰椎融合术后感染的疗效。方法785例腰椎后路融合病例中术后早发性深部伤口感染6例,均为术后30d内出现发热、疼痛加重等症状,并伴有炎性指标升高,均采用保留内置物,彻底清创后持续冲洗负压引流,抗炎治疗。结果清创术后腰痛即明显缓解,体温下降,2周左右伤口渗液停止,疼痛消失,血常规和C反应蛋白检查结果正常,血沉明显下降。随访平均35．3个月,末次随访时X线片提示腰椎植骨融合。JOA评分改善率为82．2％。结论对于早发性腰椎融合术后感染病例,进行积极清创手术,保留内置物联合真空负压封闭引流能够及时控制感染,是一种较为有效的处理。日服抗生素抑菌治疗可以降低清创术术后感染复发。     

经胸骨正中手术切口感染创面的修复

目的对比观察不同方法修复经胸骨正中手术切口感染创面的治疗效果。方法1997年12月～2006年12月,分别用胸大肌内侧头肌瓣、胸大肌瓣、上蒂腹直肌瓣及大网膜移位修复经胸骨手术切口感染创面13例。男8例,女5例;年龄28～72岁,平均52岁。合并糖尿病8例,肺炎及心力衰竭4例,脓胸3例,慢性肺功能不全4例,恶性肿瘤1例,严重肥胖6例。11例为较新鲜裂开创面,2例为慢性创面。创面范围10cm×5cm～22cm×10cm。结果3例分别于术后3d因血管吻合处破裂大出血、肺炎及癌转移死亡。其余10例伤口期愈合6例,随访6个月～5年,均无复发;2例切口皮肤拉拢缝合处部分皮肤坏死,经再次手术扩创植皮后愈合;2例创口引流处感染,经换药愈合。结论创面较小且位于手术切口上端者适合用胸大肌内侧头肌瓣修复;创面较大且位于切口上端者适合用全胸大肌瓣修复;创面较小且位于切口下端的适合用上蒂腹直肌瓣修复;创面较长可联合应用胸大肌瓣、上蒂腹直肌瓣修复创面;创面巨大合并重要脏器外露时,可用大网膜移位修复创面。残余创面可经植皮及换药愈合。     

生物可降解性尿道内支架修复战伤性尿道狭窄的研究

目的建立战伤性尿道狭窄动物模型,探讨生物可降解性尿道内支架对其进行重建修复的可行性。方法将新西兰雄兔28只分为两组,实验组(n=20):以定位爆炸法建立尿道狭窄模型。一月后行逆行尿道造影、尿道镜检查,并切除狭窄段尿道,行病理组织学观察证实。后置入人工合成生物可降解尿道内支架,置入术后2、4、8、12周分别行逆行尿道造影、尿道镜检查以及尿流动力学检测。并在以上各时间点处死5只动物,取狭窄处尿道组织,观察组织学修复重建情况。对照组(n=8):于实验组爆炸处理后4周和支架置入12周,分别取对照组4只动物与实验组对比观察。结果实验组所有动物爆炸后4周在尿道球部狭窄形成稳定狭窄模型(狭窄段长5～10 mm,尿道腔缩窄50%以上)。尿道内支架置入后2周,组织学观察见黏膜上皮新生迹象,并有炎性细胞浸润;4周时上皮新生明显,炎性细胞消失;8周时出现尿道平滑肌细胞再生,12周时见损伤后尿道组织结构完全修复,与正常尿道组织比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。。同时间点尿道镜检查证实尿道腔隙、黏膜形态结构无异于正常对照组。尿流动力学检测显示两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。。结论应用成功建立的战伤性尿道狭窄动物模型,证实生物可降解性尿道内支架能作为修复战伤性尿道狭窄的理想材料,具有损伤小,易操作,功能恢复快的特点。     

Does long‐course radiotherapy influence postoperative perineal morbidity after abdominoperineal resection of the rectum for cancer?

Aim The aim of the study was to define risk factors for perineal wound complications after abdominoperineal resection (APR), with particular reference to preoperative radiotherapy. Method Patients undergoing APR at our institution between 1985 and 2009 were reviewed. Wound complications were classified according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention classification of surgical site infection (SSI). Perineal complications were identified in patients who had preoperative long‐course radiotherapy (Group 1) and those who had surgery alone (Group 2). Results One hundred and fifty‐seven patients met the inclusion criteria. Preoperative radiotherapy was performed in 68 (44.7%) patients (Group 1), and 89 (65.3%) patients (Group 2) underwent surgery alone. The overall rate of perineal wound complications was 14.8%. The wound infection rate was similar in each group (Group 1, 10/68, 14.7%; Group 2, 13/89, 14.9%; P = 0.9). An elevated BMI (>30) was the only factor correlated with perineal morbidity on univariate analysis (P = 0.01). Conclusion Preoperative radiotherapy does not influence perineal healing other than in patients with obesity.     

切开挂线对口引流与术后活性敷料换药治疗肛周脓肿80例疗效观察

为克服肛周脓肿传统治疗方法的不足,达到肛周脓肿一次性根治,减少并发症的目的,采用主病灶切开挂线术结合对口引流术,术后换药应用皮肤创面无极诱导活性敷料治疗高位及多间隙脓肿80例,全部治愈。结果表明,该术式具有损伤小,疼痛轻,愈合快等优点。     

Treatment of the open abdomen with topical negative pressure therapy: a retrospective study of 46 cases

The open abdomen is an ongoing challenge for professionals engaged in its treatment. The change in the integrity of the abdominal wall, the loss of fluids, heat and proteins and contamination of the wound are the main problems. The objective of this article is to describe our experience using the abdominal dressing vacuum‐assisted closure therapy in treatment of the open abdomen. Since December 2006, all patients requiring treatment with the open abdomen technique have been treated with the abdominal dressing system and vacuum‐assisted closure therapy (VAC^® KCI, San Antonio, USA). The results obtained with this technique in non traumatic patients are analysed herein. The abdominal dressing system was used on 46 patients in the period between January 2006 and December 2009, with a mean 63 years old (29–80), with a gender distribution of 33 men (72%) and 13 women (28%). Closure of the abdominal wall was possible in 24 patients, 5 of which were primary in the recent postoperative phase, 5 had primary suture of the fascia and application of the supra‐aponeurotic prosthesis and 14 had closure of the abdominal wall with a composite polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polypropylene mesh. Second intention closure took place in the remaining 22 patients (48%), as their conditions did not allow primary closure. The mean treatment time with abdominal dressing was 26 days (6–92) with an average of eight changes per patient. The abdominal dressing topical negative pressure system is a useful option for consideration in the event of needing to leaves the abdomen open. It stabilises the abdominal wall and quantifies and collects exudate from the wound, protects the intra‐abdominal viscera and keeps the fascia intact and the cutaneous plane for subsequent closure of the wall.     

便携式负压封闭吸引技术治疗压疮创面

目的：探索便携式负压封闭吸引技术治疗压疮创面的效果。方法：2009年9月～2010年9月利用便携式负压吸引瓶,治疗深度压疮创面19例。治疗方法：先将创面清创后,用负压封闭吸引技术覆盖伤口,给以持续创面冲洗,接便携式负压瓶家中持续冲洗引流。结果：本组19例中14例在1周内生长出新鲜的肉芽组织,一次手术修复成功。5例感染较重,负压吸引1周后生长出新鲜肉芽组织,更换泡沫海绵后继续负压吸引、封闭冲洗约7天左右肉芽组织完全覆盖创面,行游离植皮或皮瓣修复一次成活。结论：便携式负压封闭吸引技术治疗压疮创面,方法简便易行,无需医院专业中心负压设备,方便快捷,缩短住院日内待术日期,为患者节约治疗费用,效果可靠,值得临床推广应用。     

负压封闭引流治疗小鼠创面铜绿假单胞菌感染的效果及机制

目的 观察VSD对感染创面中铜绿假单胞菌生长的影响,并探讨其可能机制。 方法 选取健康成年雄性C57BL/6小鼠40只,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和治疗组,每组20只。无菌条件下切除各小鼠背部1 cm×1 cm的全层皮肤,将细菌荧光素酶目的基因luxCDABE标记的野生型铜绿假单胞菌菌株PAO1 -lux涂抹于创面,包扎创面24 h,制成铜绿假单胞菌感染小鼠模型。治疗组小鼠创面行VSD治疗（负压为-16.625 kPa）,对照组创面常规换药。分别于治疗前和治疗24 h时,用小动物活体成像系统检测2组小鼠创面PAO1-lux荧光强度,激光多普勒血流成像仪检测创面血流量,以实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测创缘组织IL-1β、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的mRNA表达水平。观察治疗24 h时2组小鼠创缘组织病理学特点。对实验数据行t检验。 结果(1)治疗前,治疗组小鼠创面PAO1 -lux荧光强度与对照组相近(t=0.03,P=0.98);治疗24 h时,治疗组的荧光强度为(2.69±0.75)光子·秒-1·厘米-2·单位角度-1(photons· s-1- cm-2·sr-1),明显低于对照组的(5.18±0.96)photons·s-1·cm-2·sr-1,t =3.54,P=0.02。(2)治疗前,治疗组小鼠创面血流量与对照组相似(t =0.50,P=0.64);治疗24 h时,治疗组创面血流量为(96±9)灌注单位,明显高于对照组的(70±11)灌注单位,t=3.13,P=0.04。(3)治疗前,2组小鼠创缘皮肤组织中IL-1β、VEGF mRNA表达水平接近（t=0.19,P=0.86;t=0.07,P=0.95）;治疗24h时,治疗组IL-1β、VEGF mRNA表达水平分别为4.72±0.37、2.68±0.39,均明显高于对照组的2.24±0.50、1.22±0.13,t值分别为6.90、6.12,P值均为0.00。(4)治疗24 h时,治疗组创缘皮肤组织内炎性细胞浸润数量较对照组增加约77％。 结论 与常规换药相比,VSD治疗在小鼠全层皮肤缺损早期即能明显降低创面铜绿假单胞菌含量。其机制可能与增加创面局部血流量、提高创面组织炎性细胞数量、促进IL-1β和VEGF的mRNA表达有关。     

慢性难愈合创面住院患者回顾性调查

目的 了解慢性难愈合创面形成原因及患者相关情况,为该类创面的治疗、研究提供方向,为国家相关部门制定健康保障策略提供依据.方法收集2008年武汉市第三医院全院共12 161例次住院患者病历资料.以皮肤组织缺损经1个月治疗未愈合为判定标准,筛选出慢性难愈合创面患者病历,回顾性调查患者创面形成原因、性别、年龄、治疗情况、平均住院日.对数据行x2检验和方差分析.结果 12 161例次住院患者中,慢性难愈合创面患者397例次占3.3%.(1)创面的主要形成原因为烧伤占59.9%(238/397)、糖尿病占15.6%(62/397)、压疮占10.8%(43/397),其次为手术、感染、静脉曲张等.各种原因引起慢性难愈合创面患者例次比较,差异有统计学意义(x2=136.21,P=0.001).(2)慢性难愈合创面患者男、女比例为2.0∶1.0;年龄(44±23)岁,高发年龄段为大于或等于70岁,各年龄段创面患者例次比较,差异有统计学意义(x2=24.12,P=0.025).各种原因引起的慢性难愈合创面患者各年龄段例次比较,差异均有统计学意义(x2值为7.86～28.31,P值均小于0.05).(3)分别有60.5%(240/397)和86.4%(343/397)的慢性难愈合创面患者接受了手术与抗生素治疗,所有患者均采用传统敷料治疗.(4)慢性难愈合创面患者平均住院日为(38±27)d,较同期所有住院患者明显延长[(15±7)d,F=22.82,P=0.012].烧伤引起的慢性难愈合创面患者平均住院日[(47±27)d]最长,各种原因引起的慢性难愈合创面患者平均住院日比较,差异有统计学意义(F=24.06,P=0.036).结论烧伤及糖尿病引起的慢性难愈合创面较多,创面患者老龄化明显、住院时间明显长于其他疾病患者.有必要加大转化医学研究力度,促进国家相关政策制定,使慢性难愈合创面得到科学合理的治疗.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate cause of chronic wounds and related status of patients so as to provide strategy for study and treatment of chronic wounds and establish ment of health policy. Methods A total of twelve thousand one hundred and sixty-one cases hospitalized in our hospital in 2008 were enrolled in the study. A chronic wound was defined as skin tissue defect which could not heal after one month of treatment. Medical records were thus screened. Then a retrospective study was performed on patients with chronic wounds with analysis of age, gender, injury cause, therapy, and average length of hospital stay. Data were processed with chi-square test and one-way analysis of variance. Results Investigation showed:397 out of 12 161 cases ( accounting for 3.3% ) were recognized as having chronic wounds. ( 1 ) The main causes for chronic wound were burn, diabetes, and pressure ulcer, accounting for 59.9% (238/397),15.6% (62/397), 10.8% (43/397), respectively. The other causes were operative injury, infection,varicosity, etc. There was statistical difference among the numbers of patients with chronic wounds with regard to various causes of injury (x 2 = 136.21, P = 0. 001 ). (2) Among patients with chronic wound, the patients older than 70 years. There was significant difference in the numbers of patients with chronic wound among different age groups (x2 = 24.12, P =0. 025). There was statistical difference among the numbers of patients with chronic wound in different age groups with each cause of injury ( with x 2 values from 7.86 to 28.31, P values all below 0.05 ). ( 3 ) All patients with chronic wounds received traditional dressing. In 60. 5% (240/397) and 86.4% (343/397) of patients, operative treatment or antibiotics were given. (4)The average length of hospital stay in patients with chronic wound [( 38 ± 27 ) d] was longer as compared with that of all the inpatients in the same period [(15 ± 7) d, F = 22.82, P = 0. 012]. There was obvious difference in the average length of hospital stay among patients with chronic wound caused by different reasons ( F = 24.06, P = 0. 036) , in which burn injury resulted in the longest length of hospital stay [(47 ±27) d]. Conclusions Chronic wounds are mainly caused by diabetes and burn, and characterized by old age and longer length of hospital stay. It is necessary to strengthen translational research and related policy making, so that more rational treatment can be applied for patients with chronic wounds.