刺人参挥发油成分及其抗真菌活性的研究

刺人参(Oplopanax elatus Nakai.)系五加科刺参属多年生具刺灌木,主要分布于东北长白山地区,蕴藏量可观。据国外报道和我们的实验研究,其根、根茎及茎可作药用,具有补气、助阳和兴奋中枢神经等作用,有类似人参的功效。为了进一步开发和利用刺人参资源,我们对其进行较为系统的研究。本文报告刺人参总挥发性成分的分析鉴定及其抗真菌活性试验。     

Multi-centered clinical study on effects of nano-Amomi Paste in treating children’s anorexia

Objective： To assess the effect and safety of nano-Amoni Paste （nmAP） in the treatment of children＇s anorexia （AR）. Methods： One hundred and eighty patients of AR were assigned according to the randomized, double-blinded, double-simulated and parallel controlled principle to three groups, the treated group （TG）, the positive control group （PCG） and the negative control group （NCG）, 60 in each group. The patients in TG were treated by sticking 1.5 ml of nmAP on the acupoint of Shenque （Ren 8） once a day and orally taking placebo liquid 10 ml twice a day; those in PCG and NCG treated with sticking paste of placebo on Ren 8, and oral taking of Shanmai Jianpi Oral Liquid （山麦健脾口服液） and placebo liquid respectively, 10 ml each time twice per day. The course of treatment for all was 10 days, all patients were treated for 2 courses. Results： The total effective rate and the effective rate on cardinal symptom in TG was 85.0% and 95.0% respectively, that in PCG 86.2% and 96.55% and in NCG 45.5% and 65.45%, respectively, showing significant difference between groups （P〈0.05）. Comparison of the clinical manifestation before and after treatment showed significant improvement in volume of food intake, appetite, complexion and reduction of restlessness symptom （P〈0.05） in all three groups, and there was no adverse reaction found in them. Conclusion： nmAP is an effective and safe remedy for treatment of Children＇s anorexia.     

Two‐Year Neurodevelopment and Growth Outcomes for Preterm Neonates Who Received Low‐Dose Intravenous Soybean Oil

Background: In some studies, the dose of intravenous soybean oil (SO) has been associated with a decreased incidence of intestinal failure–associated liver disease. The effect of lipid sparing on neurodevelopment (ND) and growth remains unknown. This study investigated the impact of SO dose on ND and growth over the first 2 years of age in preterm neonates. Materials and Methods: This is a single‐site prospective follow‐up study. Neonates with a gestational age ≤29 weeks were randomized to low‐dose (LOW) or standard‐dose (CON) SO. Bayley Scales of Infant Development III and anthropometric measurements were collected at approximately 6, 12, and 24 months corrected gestational age. Results: Subjects were premature, with a mean (±SD) gestational age of 28 ± 1 and 27 ± 1 weeks (P = .3) for LOW and CON, respectively. Thirty subjects completed follow‐up (LOW = 15, CON = 15). There were no differences for ND and growth outcomes when LOW was compared with CON, with the exception of a higher 12‐month follow‐up cognitive scaled score in the LOW group (P = .02). Conclusion: A reduced SO dose did not adversely affect ND or growth in this cohort of preterm neonates. However, larger studies are needed to determine the long‐term safety of SO dose reduction before this strategy can be adopted.     

Phytosterols Synergize With Endotoxin to Augment Inflammation in Kupffer Cells but Alone Have Limited Direct Effect on Hepatocytes

Introduction: Phytosterols are implicated in the development of parenteral nutrition–associated liver disease. A newly proposed mechanism for phytosterol‐mediated parenteral nutrition–associated liver disease is through phytosterol‐facilitated hepatic proinflammatory cytokine release following exposure to intestinally derived bacteria. Whether the proinflammatory effects are liver cell specific is not known. Aim: To determine if phytosterols cause inflammation in hepatocytes or Kupffer cells independently or require costimulation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods: In an in vivo study, neonatal piglets on parenteral nutrition for 11 days received an 8‐hour infusion of LPS. In the in vitro studies, neonatal piglet Kupffer cells and hepatocytes were treated with media, media + 1% soy oil, or media + 1% soy oil + 100µM phytosterols. After 24‐hour incubation, cells were treated with farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist obeticholic acid or liver X receptor (LXR) agonist GW3965 and challenged with LPS or interleukin 1β. Results: LPS administration in piglets led to transient increases in proinflammatory cytokines and suppression of the transporters bile salt export pump and ATP‐binding cassette transporter G5. In hepatocytes, phytosterols did not activate inflammation. Phytosterol treatment alone did not activate inflammation in Kupffer cells but, combined with LPS, synergistically increased interleukin 1β production. FXR and LXR agonists increased transporter expression in hepatocytes. GW3965 suppressed proinflammatory cytokine production in Kupffer cells, but obeticholic acid did not. Conclusions: LPS suppresses transporters that control bile acid and phytosterol clearance. Phytosterols alone do not cause inflammatory response. However, with costimulation by LPS, phytosterols synergistically maximize the inflammatory response in Kupffer cells.     

Effects of a fish oil-based emulsion on rat hepatoma cell invasion in culture

OBJECTIVE: Total parenteral nutrition containing a lipid emulsion is often employed after surgical tumor resection. This study investigated the effects of a fish oil-based infusion on rat hepatoma cell invasion. METHODS: Rat ascites hepatoma cell line AH109A was precultured with a fish oil-based or safflower oil-based emulsion for 48 h. Changes in membranous fatty acid composition were evaluated by gas chromatography. The invasiveness of hepatoma cells was assessed by coculturing with mesentery-derived mesothelial cells. To examine ex vivo effects of the fish oil-based infusion on hepatoma invasion, sera were prepared from rats infused with fish oil- or safflower oil-based emulsion and the effects of these sera were assessed. To clarify the mechanism of inhibition of invasion by the fish oil-based emulsion, the effects of prostaglandin (PG) E(2) and PGE(3) on invasion were examined. RESULTS: Pretreatment with the fish oil-based emulsion reduced invasiveness without affecting growth compared with the safflower oil-based emulsion. Pretreatment with the sera from rats infused with the fish oil-based emulsion also reduced invasiveness compared with the sera from rats infused with the safflower oil-based emulsion. The addition of PGE(2) eliminated the inhibitory effect of the fish oil-based emulsion, and the addition of PGE(3) reduced the invasiveness of hepatoma cells pretreated with the safflower oil-based emulsion. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the fish oil-based emulsion may have anti-invasive effects. Changes in the membranous fatty acid composition and consequent changes in the prostaglandins produced may be involved in this inhibitory effect.     

鸦胆子油注射液治疗晚期恶性肿瘤临床观察

目的评价鸦胆子油注射液在治疗晚期恶性肿瘤中的疗效。方法选取有明确病理诊断的晚期肿瘤患者,随机分为试验组和对照组。试验组应用鸦胆子油注射液,对照组根据病种选择单药化疗方案,均化疗2个周期。结果所有患者均完成治疗,试验组患者的治疗总有效率明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对晚期恶性肿瘤患者应用鸦胆子油注射液治疗有一定的抗肿瘤作用,有利于减轻患者痛苦、改善生活质量,提高机体免疫功能。     

MR findings of hepatic cavernous hemangioma after intraarterial infusion of iodized oil

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed on five tumors of three patients who had hepatic hemangiomas. Four tumors were given an intraarterial infusion of 3–8 ml of iodized oil, while one tumor was not. MR images were obtained at 2.0 or 0.5 T. A single spin echo sequence with TE of 30 ms and TR of 500 ms and a double echo sequence with TEs of 60 and 150 ms and TR of 2000 ms, were used to produce relatively T1-, T2-weighted, and heavily T2-weighted images, respectively. Follow-up MR imaging was done 1–5 months after infusion of iodized oil. On relatively T1 weighted images, hemangiomas showed iso or hypointensity. On T2-weighted images, all tumors showed hyperintensity. However, on heavily T2-weighted images, tumors with iodized oil showed heterogeneous, slight hyperintensity, while tumors without iodized oil showed characteristic appearance of marked hyperintensity in hemangiomas. In hepatic cavernous hemangiomas with intraarterial infusion of iodized oil, familiarity with this unusual MR intensity of tumors on heavily T2-weighted images is useful to avoid the incorrect diagnosis and to reduce the frequency of inappropriate hepatic resection.