Identification of NPY-induced c-Fos expression in hypothalamic neurones projecting to the dorsal vagal complex and the lower thoracic spinal cord

Neuropeptide Y exerts profound effects on body weight and glucose homeostasis. We have investigated the effect of centrally administered neuropeptide Y on the activity of descending neurones of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus by combining retrograde tract tracing with c-Fos immunocytochemistry. Male rats were injected with True Blue into the dorsal vagal complex and with FluoroGold into the intermediolateral column of the lower thoracic spinal cord. One week after the last surgical procedure, animals were injected centrally with an orexigenic dose of neuropeptide Y (5 microg) and sacrificed 60 to 240 minutes following this injection. Temporal analysis of NPY-induced c-Fos expression showed a peak at 90 minutes, which was nearly returned to basal levels between 120 and 240 minutes. Expression of c-Fos was prominent in several of the subnuclei of the paraventricular nucleus and in the adjacent perifornical nucleus. Neurones projecting to the spinal cord were prominent in the dorsal, lateral, and ventral portion of the medial parvicellular subnuclei of the PVN. About 15% of IML projecting neurones of the medial parvicellular subnucleus were Fos-positive, whereas less than 5% of IML projecting neurones from other subnuclei were Fos-positive. Hardly any PVN neurones projecting to the dorsal vagal complex were concomitantly Fos-positive. A considerably larger (>10%) proportion of perifornical neurones projecting to the nucleus of the solitary tract were c-Fos-immunopositive. In conclusion, NPY induces c-Fos in paraventricular neurones projecting to intermediolateral column of the spinal cord and in neurones of the perifornical nucleus projecting to the dorsal vagal complex.     

A follow-up study of serum ferritin and transferrin receptor concentrations in Swedish adolescents at age 17 age 15

Serum ferritin and serum transferrin receptor concentrations, growth and food habits were studied in healthy Swedish boys (n = 103) and girls (n = 124) at the age of 17 y and compared with those in the same adolescents at age 15. Between these ages, serum transferrin receptor increased significantly in both boys and girls. Serum ferritin increased significantly in boys but not in girls. The transferrin receptor/ferritin ratio increased significantly in girls but not in boys, indicating insufficient iron stores in the 17-y-old girls in relation to erythropoiesis and iron needs. Between 15 and 17 y the boys' frequency of consumption of milk and bread decreased, while they more often consumed pasta, cheese and coffee. The girls decreased their frequency intake of fat products, milk and meat. The frequency of meat consumption emerged as the single significant predictor for serum ferritin <12 microg/L in girls, but not in boys. The median daily iron intake, determined in a subsample, decreased in boys from 18.7 to 13.6 mg and in girls from 14.1 to 8.8 mg, and the decrease was to a large extent due to cessation of iron fortification of flour. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate insufficient iron stores in the 17-y-old girls in relation to erythropoiesis and iron needs, but more favourable iron stores in the boys. The absence of a significant decrease in mean serum ferritin despite rapid growth suggests that the earlier iron fortification of flour only marginally contributed to the iron status of Swedish adolescents of this age group.     

食物特异性IgG、IgE与肠易激综合征的研究

目的研究各种食物特异性IgG、IgE在肠易激综合征（IBS）发生、发展中的的作用。方法采用ELISA法检测IBS组（n=44）、慢性结肠炎组（n=47）、健康对照组（n=40）血清中14种食物特异性IgG、IgE。结果血清中食物特异性IgG和IgE总阳性率比较,IBS组与慢性结肠炎、健康对照组之间差异显著（P〈0.01 orP〈0.05）;慢性结肠炎与健康对照组之间无显著差异（P〉0.05）。结论食物不耐受可能是导致IBS发病的重要原因之一;避免食用不耐受食物可能对防治IBS有重要意义。     

微波消解-基体改进剂GFAAS法测定食品中铬

目的建立微波消解一石墨炉原子吸收法测定食品中铬的分析方法。方法样品经微波消解，以磷酸铵溶液、硝酸＋抗坏血酸作混合基体改进剂。样品经稀释后利用仪器全自动进样系统，采用石墨炉原子吸收法测定食品中铬的含量。结果选定了最佳测量条件，该方法的灵敏度、精密度均能满足检测工作的需求。本法铬的含量0-15．0μg／L范围内呈线性关系，线性相关系数大于0．998，本法检出限为0．16μg／L。相对标准偏差为1．9％-2．6％，加标回收率为92．8％～103．8％。结论本法简便、快速、灵敏度和精密度高。适用于食品中铬含量的测定。     

简易减压瑜伽对医学院学生心理健康影响的实验研究

目的探讨简易减压瑜珈对医学生心理健康的影响。方法以60名瑜伽课选修班学生为研究对象,以简易减压瑜伽练习为教学内容,每周进行3次练习,每次1h,持续练习17周。结果学生心理健康自评问卷（SCL-90）、自评焦虑量变（SAS）、自评抑郁量表（SDS）等指数较练习前有显著改善,简易减压瑜伽练习能明显改善学生心理健康状况,学生的自信心、表现力和与人交往、合作的能力有所改善。结论练习瑜伽可以调节身心,缓解精神压力,改善人际关系,促进学生心理健康水平的提高。     

营养指导对妊娠性糖尿病孕妇血糖控制及巨大儿发生率的影响

[背景]探讨营养指导对妊娠性糖尿病(GDM)孕妇血糖控制及巨大儿发生率的影响.[病例报告]对240名孕妇进行50 g糖筛查试验,对异常者进行75 g糖筛查试验,对GDM及糖耐量低下孕妇行个体化营养指导及血糖监测.240名孕妇中糖筛查异常者为62名(25.8%),GDM孕妇为17例(7.1%),糖耐量低下孕妇为16例(6.5%),巨大儿发生率为7.8%.17例GDM孕妇所产婴儿中巨大儿发生例数为7例.[讨论]合理的营养指导可有效地控制GDM孕妇血糖,降低巨大儿的发生率.     

优化聋健合一活动模式促进聋儿多渠道交往

“聋健合一”的康复教育模式已推行多年，教育机会应该是均等的，“聋健合一”不是康复效果好的聋孩子的“专利”，而是每位聋孩子都能享有的权利。广州市聋人学校附属海印南苑幼儿园在实践中不断优化聋健合一的教育活动，努力完善融合教育模式。通过聋健同训、混龄活动、社会交往、社区活动、聋健家长交流等途径，让每个聋儿有丰富的交往渠道，从而学会交往、学会合作，学会生活、学会做人，达到全面康复的目标。     

早期喂养方式对不同时期儿童体质量的影响

目的探讨早期婴儿喂养方式对儿童体质量的影响。方法选择儿保门诊健康婴儿918名,根据其出生后6个月的喂养方式分为母乳喂养组、混合喂养组和人工喂养组,在生后3,5,8,12,18,24,60个月测量体质量,进行年龄别体质量标准差评分(WAZ)、身长别体质量标准差评分(WHZ)及60月龄体质量指数(BMI)测定,调查辅食添加时间等资料,并进行分析和统计学处理。结果3月龄母乳喂养组儿童在体质量、WAZ、WHZ占优势,差异均有统计学意义(F=4.12,5.66,5.79Pa<0.05);12,18,24月龄混合喂养儿童在WHZ占优势,差异均有统计学意义(F=3.46,3.08,3.12Pa<0.05),母乳喂养持续时间≥12个月的儿童,5岁时肥胖发生率最低;婴儿期的母乳喂养持续时间越长,儿童5岁时肥胖发生率越低,趋势检验有统计学意义(χ2=17.3538P<0.05),辅食添加时间以人工喂养儿最早,人工喂养儿5岁时肥胖发生率也最高(χ2=13.0382P<0.05)。结论加强持续母乳喂养的信心,减少使用奶瓶,避免过早添加辅食,顺利度过因婴儿生长加速、母乳分泌量相对不足的短暂危机期,坚持持续母乳7个月以上,进行婴儿的合理喂养和适时添加辅食的教育等对避免儿童期肥胖的发生非常必要。     

脉冲场凝胶电泳在一起慕尼黑沙门菌食源性暴发中的应用研究

目的 脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)在食源性疾病病原菌诊断中的应用.方法 采集19例患者和18名厨师的肛拭子、9份自制冷饮、2份井水以及5例患者的急性期和恢复期血清.同时采集未发病学生大便10份,血清5份,作为正常人对照.用传统的方法进行致病菌的分离和表型鉴定,对所分离的菌株参照美国疾病预防控制中心(CDC)的实验方法用PFGE进行DNA分子分型,使用BioNumerics软件进行聚类分析.方法 从19份食物中毒患者肛拭子中分离出14株慕尼黑沙门菌、从9份可疑食物中分离出3株慕尼黑沙门菌、从18名厨师肛拭子中分离出7株慕尼黑沙门菌,所分离菌株生化结果一致、耐药性相同,患者恢复期血清比急性期血清对所分离的菌株抗体有4倍以上增长.23株分离株的PFGE型完全一致.结论PFGE能直观判断肠道致病菌的亲缘关系,及时确定传染源、传播途径和流行范围,是有效控制食源性疾病大面积暴发的早期预警手段.     

2006—2007年上海市市售食品污染物监测结果分析

[目的]掌握上海市市售食品污染状况。[方法]在全市监测网点抽检各类食品，开展重金属及有害元素、农药残留、真菌毒素、食品加工产生污染物和致病菌等130余项污染物的监测。[结果]2006～2007年的监测结果显示，食品中砷、汞、铬、硒、黄曲霉毒素M1脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、展青霉素、N-亚硝胺、三氯丙醇等化学污染物和O157：H7大肠杆菌、空肠弯曲菌等致病菌的污染处于低水平；大部分食品中铅、镉、砷及调味品中三氯丙醇的污染低于全国2000年和2003～2004年监测水平；目前的主要污染问题包括皮蛋等食品中铅（0．421mg／kg）、畜禽肾脏和肝脏中镉（分别为0．094、0．781mg／kg）、花生中黄曲霉毒素B1（4．693μg/kg）、熏烤肉中苯并（a）芘（1．721μg/kg）、茶叶中三氯杀螨醇（检出率为31．84％）、蔬菜中有机磷和氨基甲酸酯农药（超标率分别为4．38％、2．42％）、生畜禽肉中金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门菌、单增李斯特菌（检出率为3．64％～6．13％）和水产品中副溶血性弧菌（检出率为5．65％）[结论]市售食品污染水平总体较低，但部分食品中仍存在污染，应采取针对性措施，以提高食品安全性。