我国药品安全预警现状及对策研究

采用文献、访谈调研的方法，综合分析国内外药品安全预警相关的监管工作现状,探讨我国药品安全预警系统的构建模式。国内外药品安全预警特点差异明显，各有侧重。建议建立并完善我国药品安全预警系统，实时监测药品安全隐患。     

胰腺癌临床预警指标和筛查方案研究

目的 探索胰腺癌的预警指标，建立筛查方案。方法 于1996年10月-2000年6月及2002年2月．2004年3月采用以医院为基础病例对照研究，对胰腺癌患者270例，胰腺良性疾病131例，非胰腺癌良性消化道疾病191例，正常人272例，进行各种影像检查（包括B超、CT、ERCP、EUS、DSA）和实验室检查（包括血CA199和CA242、大便K-ras、p53，胰液、十二指肠液K-ras突变检测）进行评估。结果 胰腺癌影像诊断中EUS及ERCP具有最高准确性，K-ras在胰腺癌胰液中突变率为84．4％，十二指肠液中为83．3％，大便中为83．3％，肿瘤标志物CA199和CA242诊断胰腺癌敏感性分别为78．4％和68．3％。结论 大便K-ras、CA199、US的联合试验可使敏感性提高，作为第一步胰腺癌筛选指标，如果可疑则进行CT检查，EUS和ERCP等有创伤性检查作为第三步。     

浅论防御性医疗行为的特殊表现形式—医疗同意书

近几年来,医疗纠纷诉讼增多,医患冲突加剧,诚信原则缺失。在临床实践中,贯穿整个医疗过程中的医疗同意书成为医务人员保护自身的重要措施,成为合法保护下的防御性医疗行为的一种表现形式。本文对防御性医疗行为进行界定,并将医疗同意书的法律形式固定、合理存在缘由及医疗同意书产生的不利影响进一步阐述。从而得出医疗同意书是法律固定且合理存在的积极防御性医疗行为的一种表现形式。希望通过对医疗同意书的正确认识和运用,减少医疗裁量权和病人自我决定权以及医师说明义务的冲突,规范医疗行为。     

护理预警在护理风险管理中的应用研究

目的：探讨护理预警在护理风险管理中的作用。方法：对实施护理预警管理制度前后护理风险发生情况进行统计，并利用SPSS11．0软件进行检验。结果：实施护理预警制度前护理风险发生率4．14％，实施后1．08％，差异有统计学意义。结论：护理预警制度的建立，对保障病人的生命安全，提高护理人员的风险识别和应对能力，降低或避免护理风险的发生，健全护理风险防范和管理制度等具有重要作用。     

Diagnosis of Huntington disease: A model for the stages of psychological response based on experience of a predictive testing program

Persons diagnosed as affected with Huntington's disease (HD) may have similar stages of psychological response to the clinical presentation of the illness. Here we describe a model of these stages of response based on our experience during a predictive testing program for HD. During the warning Stage, asymptomatic persons are aware of their risk status for HD and develop defenses which favor adaptation to their genetic risk. In response to the initial signs and symptoms of HD (the Incipient Stage) unconscious working through of this realization occurs while it is still kept out of conscious awareness. When symptoms become obvious such that recognition of disease onset is inevitable (Break-through Stage) the possibility of the diagnosis of HD is assimilated. After the delivery of the diagnosis during the Adjustment Stage, short-and long-term adaptive responses to living with HD occur. Recognition of the stage of psychological response of a patient who presents with HD is important prior to delivering a clinical diagnosis. In a significant minority of cases, the psychological readiness lags behind the clinical symptomatology and premature presentation of diagnosis may result in significant untoward adverse events. Understanding of the stages of response may provide a frame-work for evaluating the psychological state of the person with HD and determining their readiness to receiving the diagnosis. This model may have relevance to the psychological responses of patients to the diagnosis of other late onset autosomal dominant disorders. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.