Vectorial capacity and genetic diversity of Anopheles annularis (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes in Odisha,India from 2009 to 2011

Anopheles annularis is one of the major vectors of malaria in Odisha, India. The present study was undertaken to determine the vectorial capacity and assess the genetic diversity of An. annularis collected from different endemic regions of Odisha. Mosquitoes were collected from thirteen endemic districts using standard entomological collection methods from 2009 to 2011. Sibling species of An. annularis were identified by PCR-RFLP and sequencing of D3 region of 28S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) region. Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) sporozoite rate and human blood fed percentage (HBF) were estimated by multiplex PCR using Pf and human specific primers. Genetic diversity of An. annularis was estimated by ISSR markers. Out of 1647 An. annularis collected, 1353 (82.15%) were collected by mechanical aspirators and 294 (17.85%) by light trap. 49 (2.97%) were positive for human blood and 18 (1.09%) were positive for Pf sporozoite. PCR-RFLP and sequencing analyses detected only An annularis A in the study areas. Overall genetic differentiation among An. annularis populations was moderate (F_ST = 0.048) and showed significant correlation between genetic distance and geographic distance (r = 0.882; P < 0.05). Angul population proved to be genetically unique and was highly divergent F_ST > 0.110) from other populations, suggesting low gene flow between them. The study indicated that only An. annularis A was found in Odisha with potential vectorial capacity that can play a major role in malaria transmission. ISSR markers proved to be useful molecular tools to evaluate genetic variability in An. annularis populations.     

大脑中动脉狭窄患者脑血管反应性和储备能力研究

目的 :探讨大脑中动脉 (MCA)狭窄患者脑血管反应和储备能力。方法 :75例符合大脑中动脉(MCA)狭窄诊断标准的缺血性卒中患者入选试验组。常规经颅多普勒超声 (TCD)检查后 ,进入TCD8 0CO2 反应性监测软件 ,取双侧MCA作为监测血管 ,经改进的麻醉呼吸气囊接可充气呼吸面罩 ,使受检者吸入 5 %CO2 和 95 %O2 混合气体 1min诱发高碳酸血症 ,经过度换气试验诱发低碳酸血症 ,计算试验前后血流速度变化的百分比。结果 :常规TCD检查 :75例患者MCA狭窄 10 5条 ,其中轻度狭窄 4 4条 (41 9% ) ;中度狭窄 36条 (34 3% ) ;高度狭窄 2 5条 (2 3 8% )。 5 %CO2 吸入和过度换气后 ,2试验组狭窄MCA血流速度变化率与同年龄对照组比较 ,差异均有显著性意义 (P<0 0 1) ;随着MCA狭窄程度的加重 ,血流速度变化率逐渐减低。结论 :MCA狭窄的缺血性卒中患者由于MCA狭窄、血流受阻 ,使脑血管的反应性和储备能力降低 ;狭窄程度越重 ,脑血管的反应性和储备能力也越差 ,发生低灌注卒中的危险性也越大。     

孟鲁司特钠对COPD急性加重期患者肺功能和诱导痰IL-8、TNF-α的影响

摘要 目的：研究孟鲁司特钠对慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）急性加重期患者肺功能和诱导痰IL-8、TNF-α的影响。方法：观察40例65~70岁COPD急性加重期患者,随机分配到治疗组和对照组中,另选20例健康老年人为健康组。健康组20例仅采用常规治疗,包括抗生素治疗、氧疗、祛痰、支气管舒张剂等;治疗组20例,在常规治疗的基础上加用孟鲁司特10 mg/d,治疗时间2周,于治疗前和治疗后测定IL-8、TNF-α水平及肺功能。结果：治疗前COPD患者IL-8和TNF-α水平高于健康组,COPD患者1秒钟用力呼气容积（FEV1）和1秒钟用力呼气容积占用力肺活量的百分比（FEV1/FVC%）低于健康组;治疗后,治疗组诱导痰IL-8和TNF-α水平低于对照组,FEV1水平高于对照组。结论：孟鲁司特钠减轻COPD急性加重期患者气道炎症,改善肺功能。     

The respiratory system as an exercise limiting factor in normal sedentary subjects

Summary The present study was undertaken to investigate the respiratory system as an exercise limiting factor. Breathing and cycle endurance (i.e. the time until exhaustion at a given performance level) as well as physical working capacity 170 (i.e. the exercise intensity corresponding to a heart rate of 170 beats -min^–1 on a cycle ergometer) were determined in four healthy sedentary subjects. Subsequently, the subjects trained their respiratory system for 4 weeks by breathing daily about 901 · min^–1 for 30 min. Otherwise they continued their sedentary lifestyle. Immediately after the respiratory training and 18 months later, all performance tests carried out at the beginning of the study were repeated. The respiratory training increased breathing endurance from 4.2 (SD 1.9) min to 15.3 (SD 3.8) min. Cycle endurance was improved from 26.8 (SD 5.9) min to 40.2 (SD 9.2) min whereas physical working capacity 170 remained essentially the same. During the endurance cycling test in the respiratory untrained state, the subjects continuously increased their ventilation up to hyperventilation [ventilation at exhaustion = 96.9 (SD 23.6) 1 · min^–1] while after the respiratory training they reached a respiratory steady-state without hyperventilation [ventilation at exhaustion = 63.3 (SD 14.5) 1 · min^–1]. The absence of this marked hyperventilation was the cause of the impressive increase of cycle endurance in normal sedentary subjects after respiratory training. The effects gained by the respiratory training were completely lost after 18 months. Our results indicated that the respiratory system was an exercise limiting factor during an endurance test in normal sedentary subjects.     

Determination of erythrocyte antioxidant capacity in haemodialysis patients using electron paramagnetic resonance.

BACKGROUND: The increased oxidative stress of uraemia is caused both by an increased generation of oxygen-free radicals and a decrease of antioxidative forces. There are, however, conflicting data concerning disturbances of the radical-scavenging power of red blood cells (RBCs) in uraemic patients. METHODS: The antioxidant capacities of the RBCs of 10 haemodialysis (HD) patients and 10 controls were examined after treatment with 0.324 mM tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BOOH) in phosphate-buffered saline at 37 degrees C using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) with 5,5-dimethylpyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) as a spin trap and glutathione (GSH) regeneration as an indicator of hexose monophosphate shunt (HMPS) activity. EPR investigations were also done after pre-incubation with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) to inhibit the GSH system. Furthermore, we determined the RBC redox state in 15 HD patients and 15 controls. RESULTS: There was no difference between HD patients and controls in the elimination of t-BOOH-generated free radicals in the RBCs. A more than 20-fold increase in radical concentration was observed after GSH trapping with NEM. In this case, we found a delayed decrease of the relative radical concentration in HD patients compared with controls with a significant difference after 7 min (2.2+/-0.26 vs 1.60+/-0.21; P=0.005) and after 10 min (1.82+/-0.41 vs 0.83+/-0.44; P=0.001). GSH regeneration via HMPS did not differ between the RBCs of HD patients (99.5+/-13.5 nmol/min x ml RBC) and those of the controls (94.2+/-16.9 nmol/min x ml RBC). There were no differences in the RBC concentrations of GSH, GSSG, NADP, NADPH, and in the GSH/GSSG and NADP/NADPH ratios between HD patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest a strong antioxidant potential in the GSH system of erythrocytes without any evidence of a disturbance in HD patients. The HMPS pathway also appears not to be impaired in the RBCs of HD patients. However, the slower radical elimination in the RBCs of HD patients after inhibition of GSH-depending radical scavengers as compared with controls indicates a defect in the antioxidant forces outside the GSH system, and could be one reason for the reduced lifespan of RBCs in HD patients.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期脏虚与肺功能关系的临床观察

目的 探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)稳定期的中医脏虚证候与肺功能第1秒用力呼气容积占用力肺活量比值(FEV1/FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积实测值占预计值百分比(FEV1%)及严重程度分级的关系.方法 将95例符合诊断标准的COPD稳定期患者按照证候表现分为单肺虚(25例)、两脏虚(肺脾两虚15例、肺肾两虚18例)、三脏虚(肺脾肾虚37例)3组,以中医证型为导向,同步检测肺功能,观察该证型与肺功能的相关关系.结果 3组FEV1/FVC及FEV1%之间的差别具有显著性的意义(P<0.001),单肺虚组指标高于两脏虚组和三脏虚组(均P<0.001),两脏虚组指标高于三脏虚组(均P<0.001).3组在CODP严重程度分级中的分布差别亦具有显著性的意义(P<0.001),单肺虚组轻于两脏虚组、三脏虚组(P<0.01,P<0.001),两脏虚组轻于三脏虚组(P<0.01).结论 CIOPD稳定期以肺脾肾虚为本,涉及脏腑从肺及脾,由脾及肾,且受累脏腑及病变程度亦随着FEV1/FVC及FEV1%预计值的下降、COPD分级降低而逐渐增多、加重,故应强调早期综合治疗.     

628名幼儿社会适应能力的调查分析

为了解幼儿社会适应能力现况。「方法」采用左房华等修订的婴儿一初中学生社会生活能力量表,对国内４市７所幼儿园６２８名幼儿的社会生活能力及其影响因素作了调查。「结果」幼儿社会适应能力发展总趋势是比较好的,边缘水平的检出率为０．３％;有１６．４％及７．０％的幼为优秀及超学状态。     

肺呼吸康复治疗在慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期患者中的应用研究

目的 分析探讨肺呼吸康复治疗在慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期患者中的应用效果.方法 选择2018年1月至2020年3月间收治的80例慢阻肺稳定期患者,随机分为常规治疗组和肺呼吸康复治疗组.常规治疗组予以常规治疗,肺呼吸康复治疗组在常规治疗基础上,采用呼吸训练器进行吸气和呼气训练.观察比较两组患者出院随访4周后的肺功能、生活质量...     

温针对大鼠糖尿病周围神经病变坐骨神经传导速度及MDA、SOD、TAOC的作用

目的运用温针治疗糖尿病周围神经病变（Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy）模型大鼠,观察该法对大鼠坐骨神经传导速度以及氧化和抗氧化能力的影响,从神经保护的角度探讨温针治疗DPN的可能机制。方法链尿佐菌素（Streptozotocin,STZ）肌肉注射诱导形成糖尿病周围神经病变模型,随机分为模型组、弥可保组、温针组。温针组每日针刺大鼠双侧脾俞、肾俞、环跳和后三里穴,得气后在针尾缠绕艾绒点燃施灸30 min,弥可保组每日肌肉注射弥可保50μg/kg。另设正常组进行对照,模型组和正常组只作捆绑处理。共治疗8星期。分别于治疗前及治疗后观察一般状态、血糖,测定坐骨神经传导速度,用化学比色法测定坐骨神经丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和总抗氧化能力（TAOC）。结果治疗后,弥可保组和温针组坐骨神经感觉传导速度明显优于模型组（P〈0.01）,MDA水平明显低于模型组（P〈0.01）,SOD和TAOC水平明显高于模型组（P〈0.01）。而温针组与弥可保组相比较,以上各项亦有明显差异（P〈0.05）。结论温针能有效提高DPN模型大鼠神经传导速度,并且能有效地减轻氧化应激对神经的损伤程度。