输尿管结石行体外冲击波碎石治疗后发生输尿管狭窄的危险因素分析

目的探讨输尿管结石经体外冲击波碎石治疗后发生狭窄的危险因素。方法收集2006年7月至2011年7月就诊于我院首次行体外冲击波碎石治疗的输尿管结石患者的临床资料,先对所取临床指标进行单因素分析,然后进行Logistic多因素回归分析。结果共收集行体外冲击波碎石的输尿管结石患者174例,其中发生术后输尿管狭窄的患者15例,狭窄发生率为8.62%,单因素分析显示:结石长径、肾积水程度、结石嵌顿时间以及碎石次数与术后输尿管狭窄发生相关,多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:结石长径、肾积水程度以及碎石次数是患者发生输尿管狭窄的独立危险因素。结论对于肾积水程度较重、结石长径较大、预期碎石次数较多的输尿管结石患者,行体外冲击波碎石后发生狭窄的可能性相对较高,在治疗选择上应更加慎重,提倡选择体外冲击波碎石之外更加安全有效的治疗方式。     

依那普利对梗阻性肾病大鼠肾组织p38丝裂素激活蛋白激酶活性的影响

目的研究血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)依那普利对梗阻性肾病模型肾组织p38丝裂素激活蛋白激酶(MAPK)活性的影响。方法采用单侧输尿管结扎(UUO)模型,治疗组从造模前24h至造模后28d以依那普利10mg·kg-1·d-1灌胃,另设假手术组作正常对照。分别于造模后1h,3h,6h,12h,1d,3d,5d,7d,14d,21d及28d取肾组织,应用免疫沉淀结合特异性底物磷酸化法测定肾组织p38MAPK活性;免疫组织化学法检测磷酸化p38MAPK在肾组织中的表达和定位;免疫组织化学及原位杂交方法检测肾组织TGF-β1mRNA和蛋白水平的表达。结果正常大鼠肾组织基础的p38MAPK活性(吸光度值)为0.22±0.06。UUO术后1h,p38MAPK即被激活(0.45±0.14,P<0.01),并呈进行性升高,12h时达第1个高峰(0.91±0.07,P<0.01),此后活性逐渐下降;第3天后又进行性升高,第7天达到第2个高峰(0.93±0.06,P<0.01)。TGF-β1的表达在UUO术后1h、3h、6h、12h及24h均无明显增加;在第3天有明显增加(A值,13.55±6.33比基础4.32±1.72,P<0.01);第7天达高峰(26.78±8.77,P<0.01)。梗阻肾肾组织p38MAPK的激活明显早于TGF-β1表达,且p38MAPK早期活性的强弱与肾组织TGF-β1的表达水平相一致。依那普利治疗可以明显抑制p38MAPK活性(下降36%～65%,P<0.01),显著降低肾组织TGF-β1表达(下降33%～4     

Contrast enhanced spiral computerized tomography in patients with chronic obstructive uropathy and normal serum creatinine: a single session for anatomical and functional assessment

PURPOSE: We evaluated contrast enhanced spiral computerized tomography (CT) as a single session for the anatomical and functional assessment of patients with chronic obstructive uropathy and normal serum creatinine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 65 patients with unilateral or bilateral chronic renal obstruction and normal serum creatinine. Five patients had bilateral obstruction and the remaining 60 had unilateral obstruction and a normal contralateral kidney. Therefore, the total number of renal units was 130, that is 70 obstructed and 60 normal. All patients underwent contrast enhanced spiral CT together with excretory urography (IVP) and Tc-mercaptoacetyltriglycine renal scan. CT was used to identify the cause of obstruction and selectively determine the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of the 2 kidneys. The diagnostic accuracy of CT for identifying the cause of hydronephrosis was compared with that of IVP. Moreover, a correlation was made between CT GFR and isotope GFR. RESULTS: Obstruction was caused by ureteropelvic junction narrowing in 25 cases, ureteral stones in 21, ureteral stricture in 20 and extrinsic ureteral obstruction in 4. Contrast enhanced spiral CT identified the cause of hydronephrosis in all obstructed kidneys (100% sensitivity), while IVP identified the cause in 52 (74% sensitivity), which was a significant difference (p <0.05). CT and IVP excluded obstruction in all normal kidneys (100% specificity). A comparison between the isotope GFR of obstructed kidneys with the corresponding CT GFR showed a perfect correlation (r = 0.78, p <0.0001). Moreover, a similar comparison between isotope GFR and CT GFR of normal kidneys showed an excellent correlation (r = 0.73, p <0.0001). In obstructed and normal kidneys mean isotope clearance was not significantly different from that of mean CT clearance. CONCLUSIONS: Contrast enhanced spiral CT is more sensitive than IVP for identifying the cause of chronic obstructive uropathy. Moreover, it is as accurate as radioisotope renal scan for calculating the total and separate kidney function. We recommend spiral CT with contrast medium as a single radiological diagnostic modality for the assessment of patients with chronic renal obstruction and normal serum creatinine.     

Relaxin inhibits renal fibrosis and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway

Renal fibrosis is a common characteristic and the final pathological mechanism of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although CKD remains incurable, inhibition of renal fibrosis is beneficial to inhibit the CKD process. Relaxin alleviates renal fibrosis in some experimental models, but its mechanism remains unclear. In the following, we studied the regulatory effect of relaxin on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Our results demonstrate that relaxin could downregulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling and decrease EMT, thus protecting against loss of transporters in tubular epithelial cells (TECs) and abrogate renal interstitial fibrosis following UUO. We confirmed that relaxin can downregulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling and decrease EMT in NRK52E, thus abrogating G2 cell cycle arrest in vitro experiments. Therefore, a novel mechanism by which relaxin is antifibrotic is that relaxin regulates the EMT program of TECs via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. The inhibition of EMT contributes to protecting the functional capabilities of TECs and promoting the regeneration of TECs.     

经输尿管镜钬激光碎石术与气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石的临床疗效比较

目的比较输尿管镜钬激光碎石术（holmium laser lithotfipsy,HL）与气压弹道碎石术（pneumatic lithotripsy,PL）治疗输尿管结石的临床疗效。方法总结应用输尿管镜技术治疗165例输尿管结石患者的临床材料,其中钬激光碎石术有81例,气压弹道碎石术有84例。结果钬激光碎石术碎石总有效率为96.3%,高于气压弹道碎石术的85.7%（P〈0.05）;钬激光碎石术平均手术时间为（26.1±3.5）min,短于气压弹道碎石术的（38.3±5.2）min（P〈0.05）。结论钬激光碎石术的有效率和手术时间均优于气压弹道碎石术。钬激光碎石是治疗输尿管结石的一种安全高效的方法。     

改良构建大鼠单侧输尿管梗阻肾间质纤维化模型

文题释义：肾盂积液：输尿管完全或不完全梗阻时,由于尿液无法正常排出体外而导致肾盂积液。慢性肾盂积液引起的肾脏损伤是不可逆的,可由多种上尿路梗阻性疾病诱发,导致肾盂肾盏扩大,肾小管与肾小球结构与功能丧失,进而肾组织萎缩。 肾间质纤维化：是各种慢性肾病发展至终末期的共同病理特征,以肾小管间质瘢痕硬化为特征,最终导致肾脏组织功能完全丧失。该过程受到转化生长因子β、成纤维细胞生长因子、内分泌等信号通路的调控,肾间质纤维化动物模型是研究相关药物药理机制的重要模型。 背景：传统的大鼠单侧输尿管梗阻手术方法,可以在较短的时间内(一两周)导致动物梗阻侧肾脏发生肾间质纤维化,但具有术后并发症较多、死亡率较高的缺点。 目的：优化并改良大鼠单侧输尿管梗阻手术操作,降低动物术后的并发症发生率,提高存活率,检测改良单侧输尿管梗阻方法建模大鼠的病理生理指标,为功能药理学基础研究提供背景数据支持。 方法：①取20只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为4组,分别进行传统单侧输尿管梗阻方法结扎、改良单侧输尿管梗阻方法结扎、不游离输尿管结扎、开腹腔但不结扎输尿管(假手术组)操作,术后14 d时比较组间大鼠肾间质纤维化成模率、死亡率、术后并发症发生率的差异;②另取28只SD大鼠,雌雄各半,随机分为改良组与假手术组,采用尿液分析、血细胞分析、血液生化分析方法,检测两组大鼠的生理指标,并通过苏木精-伊红染色与Masson染色法,观察改良组大鼠术后14,21 d时的肾脏组织病理学结果。 结果与结论：①与不游离输尿管结扎组大鼠相比,传统单侧输尿管梗阻组和改良单侧输尿管梗阻组大鼠的成模率高;②在单侧输尿管梗阻手术操作过程中,采用输尿管中段双结扎、中间不剪断的改良方法与传统方法相比,操作更简便易行,手术开创更小,肾间质纤维化成模快、成模率较高,动物术后死亡率与并发症发生率均低;③改良组与假手术组相比,术后14 d时的尿素氮、谷草转氨酶、白蛋白等血液生化指标差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05),其梗阻侧肾脏的组织病理切片苏木精-伊红染色与Masson染色结果均可见典型的肾间质纤维化病理特征。 ORCID: 0000-0001-7823-2897(孙杰) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

宜宾地区泌尿系结石1628例临床分析

目的了解宜宾地区近年来泌尿系结石的发病情况和发病危险因素,为泌尿系结石的宏观预防和治疗提供科学依据。方法回顾性分析1 628例泌尿系结石患者的一般情况、饮食习惯及营养状况等。结果 1628例泌尿系结石患者的发病与地理环境、气候,患者性别、年龄,饮食生活习惯,职业等密切相关。结论针对宜宾地区泌尿系结石发病的危险因素,可从饮水、饮食、运动、行为习惯等方面进行预防指导。     

钬激光治疗输尿管结石患者的护理

目的探讨钬激光治疗输尿管结石的护理。方法总结钬激光治疗87例输尿管结石患者的临床资料,分析患者在治疗过程中所采用的护理措施。结果87例患者单次碎石率为96.6%(84/87),平均结石排尽时间为19.5日,平均住院2.5日。除1例输尿管穿孔外,无其他并发症。结论针对患者特点,术前加强心理护理,术后严密观察各引流管情况和并发症的发生,是手术成功的重要环节。