Echocardiography

Echocardiography occupies a unique place as an investigative tool in cardiology. This introduction to the technique reviews the basic principles and outlines the diagnosis of common cardiac lesions. Being entirely noninvasive, echocardiography can be repeated to ascertain the severity and observe the progression of cardiac lesions.     

Impaired Anticoagulant Effect of Heparin in the Artificial Kidney: An Experimental Study

Bjo?rnson, J. &; Godal, H. C. Impaired Anticoagulant Effect of Heparin in the Artificial Kidney. An Experimental Study. Scand. J. clin. Lab. Invest. 36, 581–589, 1976.

Dialysis of blood and plasma was performed in vitro, in a ‘mini-Kiil’ dialyser as well as in dialysis bags. A marked shortening of the thrombin-clotting time was observed, indicating fall in heparin anticoagulant effect. The concentration of heparin, however, as measured by polybrene titration, was substantially less reduced. Fibrin formation, as evidenced by the ethanol gelation test, occurred more often in the dialysed than in the control plasma. In conclusion, the discrepancy between concentration and anticoagulant effect of heparin could be partly explained by influx from the dialysate of calcium, magnesium, and acetate ions. The fibrin-polymerizing effect of these ions was confirmed by a shortening of the clotting time with Reptilase, a proteolytic enzyme not influenced by thrombin inhibitors such as heparin. In addition, liberation of platelet factor 4 may be responsible for some reduction in antithrombin activity of heparin. No evidence of heparin being dialysed or adhering to the dialysis membrane was found.     

低分子肝素与分次给予普通肝素治疗进展型脑梗死临床疗效对比

目的观察普通肝素钠与低分子量肝素钠治疗进展型脑梗死临床疗效及其安全性。方法将72例急性进展性脑梗死患者随机分为治疗组(36例)与对照组(36例),两组除常规治疗外,治疗组加用肝素钠50mg,2/d静脉滴注,连用5d。对照组给予低分于肝素钠5000U皮下注射,2/d,连用5d,于治疗前和治疗后14d比较两组神经功能缺缺损程度评分。结果治疗组神经功能缺损积分较对照组明显减少(P>0.05)。结论普通肝素分次静点较低分子量肝素钠治疗进展型脑梗死疗效好且相对安全。     

尿激酶、低分子肝素钙治疗超早期脑血栓临床观察

目的:评价尿激酶联合低分子肝素钙治疗超早期脑血栓的疗效和临床意义。方法:对60例超早期脑血栓患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各30例,治疗组在对照组的基础上加用尿激酶及低分子肝素钙治疗;对照组给予一般常规治疗。结果:治疗组的总有效率90%,明显高于对照组,其疗效较对照组有显著差异(P<0.01)。结论:尿激酶联合低分子肝素钙治疗超早期脑血栓疗效好,能较好地改善病人预后,减少了致残率和病死率。     

低分子肝素对中国人群脓毒症疗效的Meta分析

目的评价低分子肝素(LWMH)治疗脓毒症的安全性及有效性。方法电子检索万方数据库、维普中文科技期刊全文数据库、中国期刊全文数据库,检索时间为建库至2013年6月,收集LWMH治疗脓毒症患者的临床随机对照试验,研究方法学质量按照Cochrane系统评价员手册进行评定,采用Rev Man 5.0软件进行统计分析。结果共检索到199篇相关文献,经过进一步阅读文献内容后,最终纳入8篇临床随机对照试验,合计449例患者。提取数据后,进行Mete分析。Meta分析结果显示,与对照组相比,LWMH治疗可以降低脓毒症患者的病死率[RR=0.62,95%CI 0.46~0.84,P=0.002];降低患者急性生理学与慢性健康状况评估Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分[加权标准差(WMD)=-1.87,95%CI-2.87~-0.95,P<0.0001];提高患者的D-二聚体水平[加权标准差(WMD)=-0.31,95%CI-0.57~-0.04,P=0.03];增加患者的血小板计数[WMD=15.05,95%CI 10.85~19.25,P<0.00001]。结论 LWMH治疗脓毒症,可以降病死率和APACHEⅡ评分,提高D-二聚体水平和血小板计数。     

低分子肝素治疗D-二聚体升高支原体肺炎的有效性分析

目的分析低分子肝素治疗D-二聚体升高支原体肺炎的有效性。方法选取我院2018年1～12月收治的64例D-二聚体升高支原体肺炎患儿作为研究对象,按照数字盲选法将其均分为两组(n=32),对照组采用常规治疗,观察组在常规治疗基础上给予低分子肝素,对比两组治疗效果。结果治疗后,观察组的血小板(PLT)、D-二聚体水平明显低于对照组(P0.05);观察组的发热时间、住院时间均短于对照组(P0.05);观察组治疗总有效率明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论将低分子肝素应用于D-二聚体升高支原体肺炎患儿的治疗中,可有效改善患儿体内的凝血系统功能,缩短病情恢复时间,提高治疗效果,促进其病情恢复。     

低分子肝素钙联合银杏达莫治疗急性心源性脑栓塞患者临床疗效观察

目的 观察低分子肝素钙联合银杏达莫治疗急性心源性脑栓塞患者的临床疗效.方法 选取解放军第八五院神经内科2015年7月至2016年7月收治的急性心源性脑栓塞患者80例,经患者知情和家属同意,采用平均分组的方式将80例患者分为观察组和对照组,每组40例,2组患者在入院之后均给予相同的基础治疗和预防并发症治疗,观察组采用低分子肝素钙联合银杏达莫治疗,对照组仅给予低分子肝素钙治疗.比较2组患者治疗前后的神经功能缺损恢复情况及临床疗效,同时观察2组患者不良反应发生情况.结果 治疗后观察组患者的神经功能缺损评分明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者总有效率为97.5%,明显高于对照组患者的67.5%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组患者不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 低分子肝素钙联合银杏达莫治疗急性心源性脑栓塞较单用低分子肝素钙效果更明显.     

Improved microvessel repair: laser welding with an anti-thrombotic solder

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Concentrated protein solutions can be used as thermally polymerized solders in laser welding. Solders supplemented with biologically active chemicals may provide in situ drug delivery for localized therapeutics. These studies characterize a serum albumin (SA) solder containing heparin, designed to reduce microvascular thrombosis rates. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Samples of heparin added to 30% SA to obtain heparin-to-albumin molar ratios (HAMR) of 4:1 and 2:1 were thermally polymerized, and heparin release into saline was measured. Using a rat thrombosis model, patency was determined for suture, and 0 U/ml (control), 2.5 U/ml, 50 U/ml heparin solder repairs. RESULTS: Heparin release was five times higher for 4:1 than 2:1 HAMR solder acutely, but was equivalent after 2 days. Animal patency rates were: 50% suture, 0% control, 50% low heparin, 66% high heparin (P < 0.05 vs. control). CONCLUSIONS: Solders incorporating heparin should provide in situ anti-thrombotic therapy reducing the risk of microvascular thromboses.     

低分子量肝素钙预防直肠癌术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的疗效及安全性观察

目的观察低分子量肝素钙预防直肠癌术后下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)的临床疗效及安全性。方法将64例施行直肠癌根治术的患者随机分为联合治疗组与对照组,联合治疗组34例,对照组30例,联合治疗组应用低分子量肝素钙抗凝治疗,对照组不用。术后2~3周内复查下肢静脉彩超判定有无DVT,术后认真记录骶前引流管引流量及血、尿、痰和大便检查,观察有无出血。结果联合治疗组DVT发生率5.9%,对照组DVT发生率13.3%,2组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。联合治疗组没有发现出血及出血倾向。结论低分子量肝素钙可以降低直肠癌根治术后DVT发生率,安全性高。     

肝素标记SPIO增强MRI诊断大鼠肝癌病灶

目的:探讨肝素标记超顺磁氧化铁粒子(HepSPIO) 对大鼠肝癌灶的增强作用。材料和方法:应用Gouys 法测定磁化率;应用二乙基亚硝胺建立大鼠化学诱导性肝癌模型;观察静注Hepspio 前后大鼠肝癌的显示情况,并与病理检查对照分析。结果:HepSPIO 的磁化率为201-5 ×10 - 3/g(25 ℃) ;4 只大鼠肝癌模型共有27 个瘤结,平均直径2-4 ±1-3m m 。增强后质子加权像癌灶检出率由平扫的33-3 % (9/27) 提高到74-1 % (20/27) ,病灶对比度/ 噪声比(CNR) 由0-7±1-9 提高至4-2 ±4-0 ;T2 加权像癌灶检出率由平扫的59-3 % (18/27) 提高到77-8 % (22/27) ,CNR 由2-8 ±2-1 上升至3-9 ±3-3 。结论:HEPSPIO 是一种新型磁共振肝网状内皮系统显影剂,对提高肝脏微小病灶的检出率有重要帮助。