Patient and Surgeon Risk-Taking Regarding Total Joint Arthroplasty

BackgroundDecisions regarding care for osteoarthritis involve physicians helping patients understand likely benefits and harms of treatment. Little work has directly compared patient and surgeon risk-taking attitudes, which may help inform strategies for shared decision-making and improve patient satisfaction.MethodsWe surveyed patients contemplating total joint arthroplasty visiting a high-volume specialty hospital regarding general questions about risk-taking, as well as willingness to undergo surgery under hypothetical likelihoods of moderate improvement and complications. We compared responses from surgeons answering similar questions about willingness to recommend surgery.ResultsAltogether 82% (162/197) of patients responded, as did 65% (30/46) of joint replacement surgeons. Mean age among patients was 66.4 years; 58% were female. Surgeons averaged 399 surgeries in 2019. Responses were similar between groups for general, health, career, financial, and sports/leisure risk-taking (P > .20); surgeons were marginally more risk-taking in driving (P = .05). For willingness to have or recommend surgery, as the chance of benefit decreased, or the chance of harm increased, the percentage willing to have or recommend surgery decreased. Between a 70% and 95% chance of moderate improvement (for a 2% complication risk), as well as between a 90% and 95% chance of moderate improvement (for 4% and 6% complication risks), the percentage willing to have or recommend surgery was indistinguishable between patients and surgeons. However, for lower likelihoods of improvement, a higher percentage of patients were willing to undergo surgery than surgeons recommended. Patients were also more often indifferent between complication risks.ConclusionAlthough patients and surgeons were often willing to have or recommend joint replacement surgery at similar rates, they diverged for lower-benefit higher-harm scenarios.     

重铬酸钾滴定液浓度的不确定度分析

目的： 以重铬酸钾滴定液浓度不确定度的评价为例,建立滴定液浓度不确定度的分析方法。方法：对滴定液配制中各种影响因素和各个不确定度分量进行分析。结果：计算各因素的不确定度分量,由此得到合成不确定度,最终给出滴定液浓度和扩展不确定度。结论：建立的不确定度分析方法适用于直接配制滴定液浓度的不确定度分析。     

HPLC法测定枸橼酸喷托维林片含量的测量不确定度评定

目的：评定HPLC法测定枸橼酸喷托维林片含量的测量不确定度.方法：建立HPLC法测定含量的数学模型,分析测量不确定度的来源并对各分量进行量化分析和评估,合成标准测量不确定度,给出扩展测量不确定度报告.结果：HPLC法测定枸橼酸喷托维林片含量的扩展测量不确定度为2.4%,测量结果表示为（99.3±2.4）%,k=2.结论：分析产生不确定度的主要来源,为有效地控制该含量测定方法的准确性提供可靠的理论依据.     

慢性病儿童父母疾病不确定感与家庭管理状况相关性研究

目的 探讨慢性病儿童父母疾病不确定感与家庭管理状况的相关性,为慢性病儿童的治疗与康复提供干预依据。方法 采用家庭管理测量量表（FAMM）和中文版疾病不确定感家属量表（MUIS—FM）对200名慢性病儿童父母进行调查。采用Pearson相关性分析方法 分析量表间的相关性。结果 慢性病儿童父母MUIS—FM总分为（104．46±15．17）分：慢性病儿童父母FAMM总分为（195．46±11．24）分,其中,患儿认可得分为（15．46±2．14）分,照护能力得分为（38．22±6．42）分,疾病负担得分为（15．16±2．71）分,生活困难得分为（57．35±8．54）分,疾病影响得分为（37．29±5．22）分,家长关系得分为（31．35±3．18）分;Pearson相关分析显示,慢性病儿童父母疾病不确定感与家庭管理方式存在显著相关性。结论 父母疾病不确定感是影响家庭管理状况的重要因素,降低慢性病儿童父母的疾病不确定感能改善家庭管理状况．促进患儿身心康复。     

Impact of Power Transformer Oil-Temperature on the Measurement Uncertainty of All-Acoustic Non-Iterative Partial Discharge Location

In this paper, the influence of the variation in transformer oil temperature on the accuracy of the all-acoustic non-iterative method for partial discharge location in a power transformer is researched. The research can improve power transformers’ testing and monitoring, particularly given the large transformer oil temperature variations during real-time monitoring. The research is based on quantifying the contribution of oil temperature to the standard combined measurement uncertainty of the non-iterative algorithm by using analytical, statistical, and Monte Carlo methods. The contribution can be quantified and controlled. The contribution varied significantly with different mutual placements of partial discharge and acoustic sensors. The correlation between the contribution and the mean distance between partial discharge and acoustic sensors was observed. Based on these findings, the procedure to quantify and control the contribution in practice was proposed. The procedure considers the specificity of the method’s mathematical model (the assumption that the oil temperature is constant), the non-iterative algorithm’s nonlinearity, and the large variations in transformer oil temperature. Existing studies did not consider the significant effect of the oil temperature on the combined measurement uncertainty of partial discharge location influenced by those phenomena. The research is limited to partial discharge located in the transformer oil.     

Illness uncertainty and complementary and alternative medicine use in patients undergoing hemodialysis

In this study, we identified the relationships between illness uncertainty, subjective health, and the use of complementary and alternative medicine in patients undergoing hemodialysis. In total, 138 participants who were diagnosed with stages 4–5 chronic kidney disease and currently receiving hemodialysis were included. A cross‐sectional, correlational design was utilized. Illness uncertainty was associated with education, monthly income, employment, and subjective health. The use of complementary and alternative medicine was not related to illness uncertainty. Among the subdomains of illness uncertainty, ambiguity and unpredictability were related to subjective health; 24.6% of the participants were currently using complementary and alternative medicine and 19.6% had used it in the past. Such methods were mainly used for the effective treatment of diseases or relief of symptoms; 88.5% of those using complementary and alternative medicine consumed vitamins, specific foods, or dietary supplements. However, the proportion of participants who consulted with health‐care providers was not high. When planning nursing interventions for patients treated with hemodialysis, assessments on illness uncertainty and complementary and alternative medicine use are needed.     

Sharing Risk between Payer and Provider by Leasing Health Technologies: An Affordable and Effective Reimbursement Strategy for Innovative Technologies?

The challenge of implementing high-cost innovative technologies in health care systems operating under significant budgetary pressure has led to a radical shift in the health technology reimbursement landscape. New reimbursement strategies attempt to reduce the risk of making the wrong decision, that is, paying for a technology that is not good value for the health care system, while promoting the adoption of innovative technologies into clinical practice. The remaining risk, however, is not shared between the manufacturer and the health care payer at the individual purchase level; it continues to be passed from the manufacturer to the payer at the time of purchase. In this article, we propose a health technology payment strategy—technology leasing reimbursement scheme—that allows the sharing of risk between the manufacturer and the payer: the replacing of up-front payments with a stream of payments spread over the expected duration of benefit from the technology, subject to the technology delivering the claimed health benefit. Using trastuzumab (Herceptin) in early breast cancer as an exemplar technology, we show how a technology leasing reimbursement scheme not only reduces the total budgetary impact of the innovative technology but also truly shares risk between the manufacturer and the health care system, while reducing the value of further research and thus promoting the rapid adoption of innovative technologies into clinical practice.