The effects of intermittent administration of human parathyroid hormone (1–34) on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Intermittent administration of low doses of human parathyroid hormone (h-PTH) has been reported to exhibit an anabolic effect on bone, increasing its mass. We investigated the effects of intermittent administration of h-PTH on bone changes in streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetes mellitus (DM) rats by measuring bone mineral density and bone mineral contents and by bone histomorphometry. Wistar rats, 7–8 months old, were used. Osteoporosis was induced by diabetes mellitus, which was established by an intraperitoneal injection of STZ. Rats were separated into five groups: sham-injected, baseline control, vehicle-only-administered, and low-dose (6.0μg/kg) or high-dose (60.0μg/kg) h-PTH-administered groups. h-PTH or vehicle was injected subcutaneously six times a week for 4 weeks beginning 9 weeks after STZ administration. Bone mineral density and mineral contents were significantly lower in the baseline control and vehicle groups than in the control group. The PTH-administered groups showed higher values compared with both vehicle and baseline control groups. In bone histomorphometry, both bone volume and bone formation in the STZ group were markedly reduced. The h-PTH-administered rats showed increase in both bone volume and bone formation, which are related parameters, but administration of h-PTH did not alter the extent of eroded surface. Our results suggest that intermittent administration of h-PTH is effective in activating bone formation and in preventing further bone loss in osteoporosis developed by STZ-induced DM.     

Age-related changes in cortical porosity of the midshaft of the human femur

Complete cross-sections from the femoral midshaft of 180 individuals of known height and weight, aged 21–97 y, from a modern Australian population were examined using automatic video image analysis to quantify total subperiosteal porosity (TSPP). More specifically, the aim was to investigate whether age changes were similar in both sexes in (1) total subperiosteal area (TSPA), cortical area (CA) and medullary area (MA), (2) intracortical porosity (ICP), and (3) the respective contributions to TSPP made by MA and intracortical void area (ICVA). Our findings indicated that both sexes showed a significantly greater height normalised TSPA in the 70s as compared with the 20s. Males had consistently larger bones with a greater height normalised CA. In both sexes CA showed a tendency to increase till the 7th decade and then to decline, more so in females. MA approximately trebled in females and doubled in males over the age range studied. Although ICP also increased, from 4–6% in young adults to over 9% in the elderly, it showed a significant difference between the sexes only in the 3rd decade, being greater in males at this stage. By contrast, TSPP became significantly greater in females (from that recorded in the 3rd decade) by the time they reached the 50s, while in males this did not occur till the 80s. It increased from ∼25% in young adults of both sexes to ∼50% in females and ∼37% in males in their 80s. However, in the elderly there was great variability in both sexes in the appearance of bones from individuals of similar chronological age. Some bones differed little from those in younger subjects, others showed greatly increased ICP, still others displayed reduced cortical widths with low ICP. The femoral midshaft resembles other skeletal sites in that age changes in TSPP are more marked in females than males.     

大鼠脑室系统出血模型的建立

目的 探讨建立稳定、制作过程简单、创伤小的大鼠脑室系统出血模型的方法 . 方法 取大鼠自体动脉血立体定向下注入右侧侧脑室建立大鼠腩室系统出血模型,对模型组和对照组大鼠在不同时间点进行神经行为学评分,并观察脑室及室周脑组织病理变化. 结果本方法 模型成功率为88.9%(16/18),注血后6h大鼠出现行为异常,7d后行为异常好转;光镜下观察发现注血后24h模型组大鼠室管膜连续性遭到破坏,细胞间隙增宽,室周脑组织轻度水肿及出现红色坏死神经元. 结论 本研究采用的造模方法 模型稳定,制作创伤小,病理变化接近临床.     

Modic changes following lumbar disc herniation

Only a small proportion (20%) of patients with LBP can be diagnosed based on a patho-anatomical entity. Therefore, the identification of relevant subgroups, preferably on a patoanatomical basis, is strongly needed. Modic changes have been described by several authors as being closely linked with LBP. The aims of this study were to describe the prevalence of Modic changes, their development as well as their association to LBP, previous disc contour, and surgery in patients with previous severe sciatica. This is a longitudinal cohort study where the patients were recruited from an RCT comparing two active conservative treatments, the 181 patients, who at baseline had radicular pain in or below the knee; all underwent a physical examination and MRI. MRI’s, pain history and physical examination of 166 patients were obtained at follow-up 14 months later. The prevalence of Modic changes type 1 increased from 9% at baseline to 29% at follow-up. At that time, a strong association between Modic changes and non-specific LBP was noted. Apparently, Modic changes type 1 was more strongly associated with non-specific lumbar pain than Modic changes type 2. The development of new Modic changes was closely related to the level of a previous disc herniation. A lumbar disc herniation is a strong risk factor for developing Modic changes (especially type 1) during the following year. Furthermore, Modic changes are strongly associated with LBP.     

Balneoclimatic prevention and treatment of vascular disorders due to vibration at the forestry workers

Summary A total of 824 chain-saw operators who were employed in felling trees in the forestry industry were exposed to local vibration, which produced peripheral blood-flow disorders and lesions in the joints and hand bones. In the last 10 years, they have undergone 24-day balneoclimatic treatment at the Kolobrzeg Health Resort. It was found that a stay in the spa and certain balneological treatments exert a favorable effect on the peripheral blood-flow disorders produced by the local vibration of chain saws. The symptoms (chills and numbing of the fingers, etc.) disappeared in nearly 40% of these workers. An improvement in the objective indices of the peripheral circulation (thermographic and plethysmographic tests) was observed in about 90% of patients treated with brine baths combined with underwater vibratory massage (rotatory) or brine baths alone. The brine bath and vibratory massage have a direct beneficial influence on the peripheral blood flow of pectoral limbs.     

Electron-cytochemical investigation of the brain mitochondria at various times after death

An electron-cytochemical investigation was made of oxidation of 3,3-diaminobenzidine (DAB) in the brain of rats and man at different times after death. The oxidation product of DAB was localized in the mitochondria, lipofuscin granules, and erythrocytes. Oxidation of DAB by rat and human brain mitochondria was shown to be only very slightly depressed even 2 days after death.Laboratory of Experimental Pathology and Pathomorphology of the Brain, Institute of Psychiatry, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. V. Snezhnevskii.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 81, No. 6, pp. 757–759, June, 1976.     

血管生成及其抑制剂在前列腺癌中的研究进展

Angiogenesis plays a key role in progression of prostate cancer. Antigiogenesis becomes a new treament target for prastate cancer. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge of angiogenesis and tumor angiogenesis inhibitor in prastate cancer.     

Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus

Summary A case of primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus in a 74-year-old male is described. There was a diffuse pigmentation of the lower third of the esophagus macroscopically. Sections from this area revealed melanocytes in the basal layer of the epithelium. This melanosis was not caused by malignant melanoma cells, but obviously by preexisting ectopic and pigmented melanocytes a condition for which the term esophageal melanocytosis is proposed. It is suggested that esophageal melanocytosis as well as the presence of junctional changes may determine the primary nature of malignant melanoma of the esophagus. Furthermore, in order to outline the histologic criteria and the pathological features of primary esophageal melanomas, 64 cases have been reviewed.     

Fine-needle aspiration cytology of juvenile papillomatosis of breast: A case report

The cytologic findings of juvenile papillomatosis (JP) have been rarely described. The clinical and cytologic findings were suggestive of a fibroadenoma, but due to the presence of 2 cc of clear fluid during the aspiration, fibrocystic change was in the differential diagnosis. Operation and subsequent examination of the mass identified a case of JP (so-called Swiss cheese disease of the breast). Because JP is a marker for breast carcinoma for the patients' families, and the patients may themselves be at increase risk for malignancy, it is important that this entity be considered in the differential diagnosis. The observations in this case indicate that it is difficult to diagnose JP only by cytology, but the combination of clinical findings—a well-circumscribed mass in a young patient with cystic fluid, but with a residual mass after aspiration due to the multicystic nature of JP—with the cytologic findings—sheets of hyperplatic breast epithelium with areas resembling fibroadenoma, macrophages, and apocrine cells—that appear to be sufficiently characteristic to suggest the diagnosis of JP.