CONCENTRATIONS OF TRIGLYCERIDES, FREE FATTY ACIDS AND GLYCEROL IN CORD BLOOD OF NEWBORN INFANTS WITH A BIRTH WEIGHT OF ≤2700 GRAMS

Abstract Concentrations of triglycerides, free fatty acids (FFA) and glycerol were measured in umbilical venous blood from 99 infants with a birth weight of between 1100–2700 g and a gestational age of 27–41 weeks. Thirty infants were small for gestational age (SGA), 58 were appropriate (AGA) and 11 were of uncertain gestational age. In AGA infants with a gestational age of ≥35 weeks, FFA values were lower than in those with a gestational age of>35 weeks; otherwise concentrations of triglycerides, FFA and glycerol were independent of birth weight and gestational age in AGA infants. In SGA infants, higher FFA values were found compared with both AGA and term infants of normal birth weight. Triglyceride values were higher in SGA than in AGA infants. In SGA infants, a significant positive correlation was found between gestational age and concentrations of both FFA and triglycerides. No differences in FFA, glycerol and triglyceride concentrations were seen between asphyxiated and non-asphyxiated AGA infants.     

SERUM CHOLESTEROL AND TRIGLYCERIDE LEVELS IN NORWEGIAN ADOLESCENT SCHOOL CHILDREN

ABSTRACT. The frequency distribution of serum cholesterol and triglycerides in 172 boys and 232 girls, 13–16 years, from four elementary schools in Oslo has been determined. The cholesterol values were significantly higher for girls 15–16 years than for boys of the same age group. In the case of triglycerides boys 15–16 years had significantly higher values than boys 13–14 years. Otherwise no statistically significant differences with regard to sex and age were observed. The 85th percentiles have been suggested as appropriate upper normal limits. In all groups the 85th percentile for plasma cholesterol was slightly below 6 mmol/l. The corresponding plasma triglyceride value was below 2 mmol/l.     

LINGUAL LIPASE Its role in lipid digestion in infants with low birthweight and/or pancreatic insufficiency

Fredrikzon, B., Hernell, O. and Bläckberg, L. (Departments of Paediatrics and Physiological Chemistry, University of Umeå, Sweden). Lingual lipase. Its role in lipid digestion in infants with low birthweight and/or pancreatic insufficiency. Acta Paediatr Scand, Suppl. 296: 75, 1982.—At birth both pancreatic lipase and carboxylic ester hydrolase, two important lipolytic enzymes secreted by the pancreas, are present in duodenal contents but the activities of these enzymes are low. Another enzyme of possible importance in lipolysis is the lingual lipase which is secreted from serous glands present at the posterior part of the tongue. The enzyme is present already at birth and has been found in gastric contents from preterm infants in the 34th gestational week. The secretion of lingual lipase is stimulated by feeding and it is resistent against acid inactivation. The activity in gastric contents increases after feeding. This lipase hydrolyzes dietary triglycerides to mainly diglycerides and free fatty acids and may serve as a complement to the poorly developed pancreatic lipase activity. Furthermore, by the formation of polar lipolytic products the digestibility of dietary lipids in the duodenum may increase. Human milk lipase contributes to the lipolysis. It is inactive in the milk but becomes activated by the bile acids in the duodenum. Balance studies in preterm infants have shown that by pasteurization of human milk fat absorption decreases by one third.     

高脂蛋白血症血NO值的改变及其与血脂,脂蛋白的关系

研究４型高脂蛋白血症血中一氧化氧含量及其与血脂及脂蛋白含量的相关性。方法：４型高脂蛋白血症受试者９－１９例,用萘乙烯二胺显色法测定血清ＮＯ含量,酶法测定血清甘油三酯和胆固醇,电泳法测定血浆脂蛋白并分型 。     

Oral contraceptive use and measurable cardiovascular risk factors in Korean women aged 20–50 years: The Fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2009 (KNHANES IV)

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the effects of oral contraceptives (OCs) on cardiovascular risk factors according to the duration of use.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study using data from the Fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of reproductive-age women. Subjects were classified into three groups based on OC use: non-users, short-term users (0–12 months) and long-term users (>12 months). Measurable cardiovascular risk factors, defined by 2009 consensus criteria, were included as metabolic syndrome components.

Results: Of the 2225 women surveyed, 1924 (86.5%) were non-users of OCs, 186 (8.4%) were short-term users and 115 (5.2%) were long-term users. The use of OCs for longer durations was not associated with increased levels of blood pressure or fasting glucose, or larger waist circumference. After adjusting the covariates, long-term OC use was associated significantly with elevated triglycerides (TG, >150?mg/dL) compared with non-users (odds ratio, 2.16; 95% confidence interval, 1.18–3.97). In addition, the use of OCs for longer durations was associated negatively with the risk of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (<50 mg/dL) (p for trend?=?0.038).

Conclusion: These results suggest that the long-term use of OCs is associated with elevated TG. With the exception of lipid profile, it may be concluded that OCs are unlikely to affect cardiometabolic risk.     

Relationship between fibrinolytic and metabolic variables: a study in patients attending a lipid clinic

We investigated the relationship between plasma levels of metabolic and fibrinolytic variables in 163 fasted patients attending a lipid clinic. Of these patients, 118 had hypertriglyceridaemia (HTG) and 45 had normotriglyceridaemia (NTG). In HTG, basal fibrinolytic activity, ie tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) activity, was impaired as a result of high plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) antigen and activity. Multiple stepwise regression analysis identified insulin and triglyceride levels as independent determinants of plasma PAI-1 levels (R² = 0.18; P = 0.0001). When the patients were stratified into tertiles according to their levels of triglyceride and insulin, PAI-1 antigen levels were found to increase with rising levels of triglyceride in each insulin tertile. In contrast, the increase of PAI-1 with rising insulin levels was evident in the highest triglyceride tertile. In addition, subjects in the lowest tertile of both triglyceride and insulin had the lowest PAI-1 antigen levels, and subjects in the highest tertile of both triglyceride and insulin had the highest levels of PAI-1. Both basal and stimulated levels of t-PA antigen were significantly higher in HTG than in NTG. Multiple stepwise regression analysis identified triglyceride level as the sole major determinant of t-PA antigen levels (R² = 0.13; P = 0.00003). The observation that both insulin and triglycerides correlate with PAI-1, whereas triglycerides were involved only in the increased secretion of t-PA, suggests that these two proteins are regulated by different mechanisms.     

Glucose tolerance and lipid-lipoprotein levels in middle-aged powerlifters

Summary. The purpose of this study was to obtain information regarding the effects of a form of strength training (powerlifting) on certain coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors in middle-aged men. The risk factors studied were the plasma lipid-lipoprotein profile, glucose tolerance and plasma insulin levels, all of which have been shown to be favourably influenced by endurance training in middle-aged and older men. Five elite powerlifters (52±9 years) were compared to distance runners and sedentary controls of similar age with whom they were matched in terms of body fatness as estimated from skinfold thickness measurements. The powerlifters had a significantly (P < 0·01) lower HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) level (34±4 mg/100 ml) than the sedentary controls (48±12 mg/100 ml) and runners (54±8 mg/100 ml). The total cholesterol to HDL-C ratio, a good indicator of CAD risk, was 41% higher in the powerlifters than in the controls, and 57% higher than in the runners (both P<0·01). The total area under the glucose tolerance curve during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for the powerlifters was 74% higher than for the sedentary controls (P<0·05) and 229% higher than for runners (P<0·01). Similarly, the total area under the OGTT insulin curve for the powerlifters was 68% higher than for sedentary controls and 332% higher than for the runners P<0·01). These findings suggest that middle-aged powerlifters, in marked contrast to endurance athletes, have an increased risk of developing CAD.     

Effect of medium- and long-chain triglyceride infusion on lipoprotein and hepatic lipase in healthy subjects

Plasma lipolytic activity and hydrolysis of intravenous fat were studied in six healthy subjects during infusion of a long-chain triglyceride (LCT) fat emulsion (Intralipid 20%) or of a medium-chain triglyceride (MCT)/LCT emulsion (Lipofundin MCT 20%). The fat emulsions were infused continuously at a rate of 0.17 g triglyceride kg-1 body weight (BW)h-1 for 6 h in random order at 7-day intervals. A continuous infusion of glucose (0.18 g kg-1 BW h-1) was administered for a period of 7 h and was started 1 h before the lipid infusion. Infusions of both types of fat increased plasma triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) levels and steady-state values were present during the 3rd to 5th h of infusion. MCT/LCT infusion resulted in higher plasma levels at steady-state of TG (3.63 +/- 0.45 [SEM] vs 2.73 +/- 0.45 mmol l-1; P less than 0.05), FFA (1.05 +/- 0.08 vs 0.54 +/- 0.04 mmol l-1; P less than 0.01) and LPL (4.6 +/- 0.6 vs 2.6 +/- 0.5 mU ml-1; P less than 0.05) in comparison with LCT administration. There was a positive correlation between plasma LPL activity and TG concentration (r = 0.77; P less than 0.001) when data for the two infusions were combined. Although the same amount of fat was infused on a weight basis, the molar infusion rate was 40% higher with MCT/LCT than with LCT infusion, due to differences in molecular weights (634 vs 885 Da).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

上腹部手术前后血脂代谢的变化

①目的 探讨上腹部手术前后病人血脂的变化特点及其对机体的影响。②方法 对１３１例上腹部手术（原发性肝癌肝切除术８３例，胃大部切除术４８例）病人围手术期血脂变化进行动态监测。③结果 上腹部手术后病人血清三酰甘油、总胆固醇、载脂蛋白Ｂ均明显下降（ｔ＝３．４８６～８．４７１，Ｐ〈０．０１），原发性肝癌肝切除术后有并发症者血清总胆固醇及载脂蛋白Ｂ水平较无并发症者低（ｔ＝２．１１２～４．０２６，Ｐ〈０．０５