直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检的单中心大样本临床研究

目的 探讨直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检术的安全性及诊断价值。方法 2005年6月至2014年8月共3 256例男性患者在我院泌尿外科行直肠超声引导的前列腺穿刺活检术。每个患者均检测PSA和前列腺体积。穿刺点数一般为12点,每个标本分别标记送病理检查,Gleason 评分用于评估肿瘤分级。结果 活检组织病理诊断为前列腺癌1 112例,阳性率为34.2%,前列腺癌患者PSA中位均数为22.8 ng/ml,Gleason中位均数为7。当总PSA≤4 ng/ml、4-10 ng/ml、10-20 ng/ml、20-50 ng/ml以及>50 ng/ml时,前列腺癌活检阳性率分别为10.1%(11/109)、17.3%(212/1 226)、23.8%(261/1 098)、54.6%(179/328)和90.7%(449/495)。所有前列腺癌中PSA<20 ng/ml占43.5%。术后6例患者出现高热(>38.5℃),其中2例出现败血症,经积极抗感染治疗后所有患者均痊愈;45例患者出现直肠出血,但严重出血需要压迫止血仅2例;其他并发症均不严重,对症治疗后完全恢复,无后遗症。结论 直肠超声引导下前列腺广泛活检术安全有效;虽然受到不断更新的穿刺活检技术的挑战,但就目前而言直肠超声引导下前列腺广泛活检联合前列腺特异性抗原筛查仍然是国人前列腺癌早期诊断的首选手段。     

经直肠超声造影引导前列腺穿刺活检的应用价值

目的探讨经直肠超声造影(CE-TRUS)引导前列腺穿刺活检在前列腺癌(PCa)诊断中的应用价值。方法临床疑诊PCa患者116例行CE-TRUS(造影组,48例)和常规经直肠超声(对照组,68例)引导下前列腺穿刺活检,比较两组患者的PCa检出率、PCa阳性患者的平均穿刺针数及单针阳性率。结果造影组PCa检出率与对照组相仿(P>0.05),但对于游离PSA/PSA比值(f/tPSA)≤0.15的患者,造影组PCa检出率高于对照组(44.8%vs.10.3%)(P<0.05)。造影组PCa阳性患者平均穿刺针数少于对照组(8.2针vs.11.3针),而单针阳性率高于对照组(45.5%vs.32.1%)(P<0.05)。结论 CE-TRUS可提高PCa穿刺检出率,特别是f/tPSA≤0.15患者。     

Peroperative transrectal ultrasonography-guided bladder neck dissection eases the learning of robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy

OBJECTIVE

To study the role of peroperative transrectal ultrasonography (peTRUS) for the dissection of the bladder neck during robot‐assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP).

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Integrated peTRUS in the da Vinci S system (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) was used for bladder neck identification and dissection in the initial 80 patients with clinically localized prostate cancer operated by two urologists. The clinical and pathological results were compared with the initial 80 patients who had RALP with no peTRUS. The location of positive margins was recorded.

RESULTS

The operative duration, blood loss, hospital stay, catheter dependency, clinical and pathological T‐stage and Gleason sum score were no different between the groups. The prostate‐specific antigen level at time of diagnosis was slightly higher for patients in the peTRUS group. Basal surgical margins (bladder neck and basal areas of both prostate lobes) were positive for tumour in 9.1% and 2.3% of patients treated without and with peTRUS, respectively (P = 0.001). Although the use of peTRUS improved the basal margin rate in the initial 30 patients in each group, it did not in the last 30 in each group, when the urologist’s experience apparently improved. In a multivariate analysis the use of peTRUS and pathological T‐stage were the best predictors of basal margin status. Pad use at 6 months after surgery was similar for both groups.

CONCLUSION

peTRUS during RALP decreased the positive surgical margin rate at the base of the prostate during the initial experience of RALP.     

经直肠彩色多普勒超声诊断青春期多囊卵巢综合征

目的探讨经直肠超声对青春期多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）的诊断价值。方法对我院2007年10月～2009年10月32例青春期PCOS患者经直肠超声检查,并运用彩色多普勒观察双侧卵巢血流情况和卵巢二维超声表现。结果PCOS患者双侧卵巢体积均匀增大,大于10ml,双侧卵巢呈多囊样改变,见12个以上小囊,小囊直径多小于10mm。卵巢间质回声增强,血流较丰富,血管分布面积增宽。卵巢间质动脉血流阻力指数降低,小于0.6。结论经直肠超声对青春期PCOS的诊断有较好的临床应用价值,较腹部超声有明显优势。     

经腹超声和经直肠超声在膀胱癌分期诊断中的价值

目的：对比经腹超声（TAUS）和经直肠超声（TRUS）在膀胱癌分期诊断中的价值。方法：采用TAUS和TRUS对40例膀胱癌进行分期诊断,并与手术病理结果对照分析。结果：TAUS对膀胱癌分期的总准确率为75.0%（30/40）,TRUS对膀胱癌分期的总准确率为90.0%（36/40）,二者有显著差异（P﹤0.05）。结论：TRUS可更清晰地显示肿瘤基底部浸润膀胱壁的深度,对膀胱癌分期的准确率明显优于TAUS。     

Complications and limitations related to periprostatic local anesthesia before TRUS-guided prostate biopsy

PURPOSE: To assess the frequency of complications specifically related to local anesthetic infiltration prior to transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy. METHODS: A total of 200 patients receiving 10 cm(3) (5 cm(3) on each side) of 2% lidocaine injected around the periprostatic nerve plexus under TRUS guidance before prostate biopsy were included. Various complications presumed to be associated with local anesthesia were noted during and after the biopsy procedure. Two weeks later, periprostatic tissue integrity and vascularization were re-examined with TRUS Doppler examination to assess for fibrosis or infection. RESULTS: The most common finding was pain due to puncture with the needle used for local anesthesia (27%). Also recorded were the need for repeated injections during the biopsy procedure (4.5%), symptoms associated with systemic lidocaine toxicity (2%), urinary incontinence (1.5%), and degradation of the image resolution due to anesthetic injection (1%). Increased vascularization within the periprostatic region was uncommon (2%) on the 2-week follow-up examination. No TRUS finding consistent with rectal wall hematoma or other periprostatic change and no erectile dysfunction associated with the procedure occurred. There was a significant difference in overall pain scores between the subgroups of patients (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: TRUS-guided periprostatic nerve blockade is an effective method for relieving discomfort from prostate biopsy with very few complications.     

Meta分析抗生素对经直肠前列腺活检术后感染性并发症的预防效果

目的:分析预防性抗生素能否减少术前为清洁尿、行经直肠前列腺活检术(TPB)患者的术后感染性并发症.方法:制定原始文献的纳入标准、排除标准及检索策略, 在MEDLINE(1979.01-2007.12)、EMBASE(1988.01-2007.12)、Cochrane Collaboration Reviews (1993.01-2007.12)、中国生物医学期刊文献数据库(CMCC,1979-2007.12)、CNKI数字图书馆(1979.01-2007.12)进行相关的随机对照试验(RCT)的检索,采用Rev Man 4.2软件进行Meta分析.结果:共检索到相关随机对照试验68篇,排除56篇,符合纳入标准12篇进入Meta分析.结果显示,术前清洁尿的患者,预防性抗生素能显著降低TPB术后1周内菌尿和术后中度发热的发生率, 但不能减少菌血症的发生率,其RR值及其95%CI分别为0.32(0.23～0.46),0.37(0.17～0.77) 和0.96(0.61～1.50);各疗程抗生素均能明显减少TPB术后菌尿的发生率,差别无统计学意义;喹诺酮、喹诺酮联合硝基咪唑以及TMP+SMZ均能明显降低TPB术后发生菌尿的危险.结论:术前为清洁尿的患者,预防性应用抗生素能减少TPB术后菌尿和发热的发生率,但不能降低菌血症的发生率;喹诺酮、喹诺酮联合硝基咪唑均能明显降低TPB术后发生菌尿的危险,各疗程抗生素均能明显减少TPB术后菌尿的发生率.