中医舌象计算机识别研究的现状分析

从静态舌图像计算机识别研究的关键环节出发,对当前的研究现状进行了分析.认为在舌图像的采集方面有必要引入正交设计、图像质量评价等方法以筛选出高标准、统一、实用的图像采集条件;图像分割研究可以考虑从多角度入手,综合使用多种分割方法,取长补短,以提高分割效果;同时采用Delphi评价法、多中心的网上专家判别等手段,大样本集中专家经验,综合各家的辨舌经验,建立科学规范的舌象诊断标准;当前舌象识别研究的热点主要集中在舌的颜色领域,研究的方向有待向颜色以外的其他方面拓展,并最终由定性向定量转化,而实现舌诊内容的综合判别将是今后努力的方向.     

INFANTILE MYOFIBROMATOSIS WITH HEMANGIOPERICYTOMA-LIKE FEATURES OF THE TONGUE: A Case Study Including Ultrastructure

We report a case of an infantile myofibromatosis with hemangiopericytoma-like features arising in the tongue of a 5-month-old female infant. Many authors now classify neoplasms as infantile myofibromatosis that were previously called infantile hemangiopericytoma. The ultrastructural features of our tumor illustrate its biphasic nature and provide a possible explanation for its histogenesis. Infantile myofibromatosis, including those diagnosed as infantile hemangiopericytomas, rarely arise in any intraoral location. Despite the generally good prognosis associated with these neoplasms, complete surgical excision is recommended to avoid recurrences.     

辅助发音器治疗腭咽闭合不全前后舌位置及运动特点比较研究

目的:讨论S-A治疗前后舌位置及运动形态对腭裂患者的影响。方法:采用标准头颅侧位X线片对腭裂术后VPI患者,S-A治疗前后、语音治疗一年后舌静止及运动形态进行了研究。结果:静止位S-A治疗后舌背明显降低,语音治疗后舌位逐渐抬高,发/a:/音时S-A治疗后及语音治疗一年后,不良代偿习惯逐渐消除,语音清晰度明显升高。结论:VPI的矫正及语音治疗对根除舌不良代偿习惯,获得清晰准确的发音具有重要意义。     

心脏螺旋波演化与驱动的计算机实验

我们利用FitzHugh-Nagumo(FHN)类型方程,对二维心肌可激媒质系统螺旋波(Spiral wave,SW)的形成、演化和控制进行了数值模拟,主要有以下研究结果:(1)改变系统的可激性,不会影响SW的激发区宽度,却改变SW的自转周期和旋波核的大小;当可激性达到某一极限值时,SW的自转周期与旋波核的半径趋于无穷大,系统不再出现SW。(2)对SW的均匀近共振小电流驱动,可以引导旋波头(Spiral wave tip,SWT)的漂移运动;当驱动频率接近SW的自转频率时,SWT会沿着圆周漂移,当驱动频率达到共振频率时,SWT会沿着直线漂移。     

表皮生长因子影响肿瘤患者舌苔变化的分子机制研究

目的 研究表皮生长因子（EGF）对食管癌细胞Eca-109细胞周期及表皮生长因子受体（EGF－R）表达的影响，探讨EGF促进肿瘤患者舌苔增厚的分子机制。方法 应用流式细胞术，检测EGF－R的表达和细胞周期。结果 EGF能明显促进Eca-109细胞膜上EGF－R的表达，使细胞增殖活性大大增强。结论EGF有是通过促进EGF－R的表达影响舌苔形成。     

The assessment of cell proliferation during 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene-induced hamster tongue carcinogenesis by means of histone H3 mRNA in situ hybridization

The aim of this study was to investigate cell kinetics and ultrastructural changes during carcinogenesis using a hamster 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene (DMBA)-induced tongue cancer model. Five squamous cell carcinomas, five dysplastic epithelia, seven hyperplastic epithelia, and four normal epithelia were obtained from 21 hamster tongues by applying 1.0% acetone solution of DMBA on the left lingual mucosa after scratching with a root canal broach. Ultrastructural examination revealed that the number of microvilli increased, whereas that of desmosomes decreased during carcinogenesis. Cell proliferation was analyzed by means of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization (ISH) for histone H3 mRNA. The BrdU and histone H3 mRNA labeling indices (LIs) were lowest for normal epithelium, higher for hyperplastic and dysplastic epithelia, and highest for squamous cell carcinoma. Cytoplasmic histone H3 mRNA and nuclear BrdU were localized in virtually identical areas of serial sections. The correlation coefficient for the relationship between these two LIs was 0.97 (P 0.001). These results suggest that the assessment of cell proliferation using H3 mRNA ISH will be a useful technique for investigating biological behavior during carcinogenesis.     

Changes at the glomerular tip: a feature of membranous nephropathy and other disorders associated with proteinuria

Renal biopsies and post-mortem kidneys were examined for segmental lesions at glomerular tips, consisting of adhesion of the tuft to Bowman's capsule with an area of intra-capillary foam cells or hyaline material or sclerosed material. Of 72 consecutive renal biopsies showing membranous nephropathy, 46 (64 per cent) had tip changes. Such changes were correlated with the presence of acute tubular damage and with later stages of the nephropathy, but otherwise seemed unrelated to any particular clinical or pathological feature. Fourteen other patients were identified whose renal biopsies showed tip changes in glomeruli that had segmental or global mesangial hypercellularity not of a well-recognized type such as IgA nephropathy. These patients had persistent proteinuria unresponsive to steroids. Tip changes were also seen in several miscellaneous conditions including IgA nephropathy and diabetic glomerulosclerosis. These findings demonstrate that tip changes are seen in many disorders of the kidney associated with proteinuria and represent a previously unrecognized common response of the glomerulus to some insult, the glomerular tip lesion, as originally defined, is distinguished by the apparent normality of tufts except for the tip changes and can be regarded as presumed minimal change nephropathy plus tip changes and when tip changes are seen, the most important factor determining the prognosis is the condition of the rest of the glomerular tuft.     

A European perspective on intravascular catheter-related infections: report on the microbiology workload, aetiology and antimicrobial susceptibility (ESGNI-005 Study)

The laboratory workload, microbiological techniques and aetiology of catheter-related infections in European hospitals are mostly unknown. The present study (ESGNI-005) comprised a 1-day (22 October 2001), laboratory-based, point-prevalence survey based on a questionnaire completed by microbiology laboratories in European (European Union (EU) and non-EU) hospitals. Also included were questions requesting retrospective information for the year 2000. In total, 151 hospitals from 26 European countries participated, of which 78.1% were teaching institutions. Overall, the estimated population served by these institutions was 121,363,800, and the estimated number of admissions during 2000 was 6,712,050. The total number of catheter tips processed during 2000 was 142,727, or 21/1,000 admissions, of which 23.7% were considered to be positive in the institutions using semiquantitative or quantitative techniques. Overall, EU centres received significantly more catheter tip samples/1,000 admissions and had a significantly higher rate of 'positivity' (p < 0.0001) than non-EU centres. Of the institutions surveyed, 11.4% (7.2% in EU countries and 23.7% in non-EU countries; p 0.04) used only qualitative techniques for catheter tip sample processing. On the day of the study, 167 microorganisms were recovered from significant catheter tip cultures (122 patients), of which Gram-positive bacteria represented 70.7%, Gram-negative bacteria 22.2%, and yeasts 7.2%. The five most common microorganisms were coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida spp., Enterococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. Overall, 19% of catheter tip cultures were polymicrobial. In the case of S. aureus, 40% of isolates were resistant to oxacillin, as were 63.4% of coagulase-negative staphylococcus isolates. Of 37 Gram-negative isolates, 35% were resistant to cefotaxime, 31% to ceftazidime, and 27% to ciprofloxacin. Imipenem and cefepime had the lowest reported rates of resistance (11%).     

前臂游离皮瓣在舌—口底软组织缺损修复与重建中的应用

目的：探讨前臂游离皮瓣在舌－口底软组织缺损修复与重建中的临床意义。方法：随机选择资料完整的住院患者59例进行回顾性分析。结果：全部病例术后愈合良好,随访1－14年总成功率达81．4％,患者语言,吞咽等功能较满意。结论：前臂游离皮瓣具有血运丰富,解剖恒定,厚度适中,容易折叠,便于操作等优点,是舌一口底软组织缺损修复与重建的理想材料。     

舌癌术前化疗PCNA、bcl-2、Bax基因表达及临床意义

目的 :通过舌癌术前化疗增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA )和细胞凋亡相关基因 bcl- 2、Bax表达的研究 ,探讨舌癌的化疗作用机制。 方法 :对舌乳头状瘤、舌癌和舌癌术前化疗标本共 34例 ,采用免疫组织化学染色技术——酶标链亲和素生物素法 (L SAB)染色并进行光镜下观察。结果:PCNA在舌癌中的表达最强 ,在舌癌术前化疗中的表达明显减弱 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,其与舌乳头状瘤表达相似 (P >0 .0 5 )。 bcl- 2在舌癌术前化疗及舌乳头状瘤中低表达(P >0 .0 5 ) ,舌癌中表达明显增强 (P <0 .0 5 )。Bax在舌癌组和乳头状瘤组中表达有明显差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :化疗药物抑制肿瘤生长的机制可能与抑制肿瘤细胞增殖和诱导肿瘤细胞程序性死亡有关 ,提示舌癌术前化疗对肿瘤的预后有重要意义。