氯替泼诺妥布霉素和妥布霉素地塞米松在超声乳化吸除术后抗炎效果的比较

目的：对比研究在白内障超声乳化吸除联合人工晶状体植入术后分别使用氯替泼诺妥布霉素滴眼液和妥布霉素地塞米松滴眼液的抗炎效果。
　　方法：前瞻、随机、对照研究。将2014-01/10在我院进行超声乳化白内障吸除联合人工晶状体植入术的老年性白内障患者随机分为两组,分别在术后使用氯替泼诺妥布霉素滴眼液(氯替泼诺组)和妥布霉素地塞米松滴眼液(地塞米松组)。观察术前术后的眼压以及炎症评分、舒适度评分。
　　结果：共有143例143眼入选,其中氯替泼诺组有81例,地塞米松组有62例。两组在术后不同时间点的炎症评分和舒适度评分均无统计学差异。术后第14 d地塞米松组的平均眼压为16.5±3.1mmHg,显著高于氯替泼诺组14.7±3.7mmHg(P=0.004)。在术后第14d,地塞米松组有2例眼压高于21mmHg,停药后眼压可恢复至正常。
　　结论：氯替泼诺妥布霉素滴眼液和妥布霉素地塞米松滴眼液在白内障超声乳化吸除术后的抗炎效果相近,但是氯替泼诺妥布霉素滴眼液对眼压的影响更小,更安全。     

微生物比浊法测定妥布霉素、硫酸妥布霉素注射液及妥布霉素滴眼液的效价

目的：建立妥布霉素、硫酸妥布霉素注射液及妥布霉素滴眼液效价的微生物比浊法。方法：分别采用微生物比浊法和管碟法对妥布霉素、硫酸妥布霉素注射液及妥布霉素滴眼液的含量进行测定和比较研究。结果：妥布霉素效价测定的线性范围为0.4~1.0 U/ml;R2=0.991 3,硫酸妥布霉素注射液平均回收率为100.2%,RSD为2.6%（n=9）;妥布霉素滴眼液平均回收率为99.6%,RSD为1.5%（n=9）。结论：微生物比浊法具有简便、精确、快速的特点,可应用于产品的控制。     

Effects of tobramycin solution for inhalation on global ratings of quality of life in patients with cystic fibrosis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection

In a previously published placebo-controlled trial, tobramycin solution for inhalation (TSI) was shown to improve lung function and other outcomes in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The objectives of the current study were to examine the effects of TSI on global ratings of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) by patients (or their parents) and physicians blind to group assignment, and to determine whether any perceived benefits persisted over time. The global ratings of HRQOL in 520 patients with CF and chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were randomly assigned to receive 24 weeks of placebo or treatment with TSI 300 mg b.i.d., both administered in cycles of 28 days on drug (or placebo) followed by 28 days off, for a total of three cycles. After each on-drug cycle, patients or parents, and physicians, were asked to rate whether the patient's condition was better, unchanged, or worse. There was strong agreement between the paired patient/parent and physician global HRQOL ratings across the three cycles. Regression analyses demonstrated that patients in the TSI group were significantly more likely to report improvements in HRQOL than were patients in the placebo group. This effect was found to be both immediate (end of on-drug cycle 1) and delayed (end of subsequent on-drug cycles 2 and 3) (P < 0.05). In addition, change in forced expired volume in 1 sec (FEV(1)) % predicted values was a significant predictor of improvement in HRQOL ratings by patients and parents. After controlling for change in FEV(1) % predicted, physician ratings showed significant improvement only at the end of cycle 1. Finally, controlling for initial lung disease severity, longitudinal growth models revealed that patients on TSI and their physicians reported higher HRQOL ratings than did placebo patients and their physicians across the three cycles; however, the magnitude of this effect decreased over time. Results of this study provided consistent evidence that TSI was associated with improved global ratings of HRQOL completed by both patients or parents, and physicians. Although these results are promising, they are limited by the use of a single-item rating of health. Future studies of the effects of TSI should utilize a well-validated, disease-specific measure of HRQOL.     

妥布霉素碱转硫酸盐的质量控制

以美国药典２３版为质量依据,从理论分析,数学计算简述妥布霉素碱转化硫酸妥布霉素的最优控制法,并经小试和工业生产验证。     

Contact allergy from tobramycin eyedrops

We report a patient with allergic conjunctivitis and blepharitis as a result of tobramycin eyedrops.     

妥布霉素结晶工艺的改进

采用加晶种控制结晶的方式进行妥布霉素结晶工艺改进，并考察了结晶过程中乙酸添加量、搅拌速度、晶体淋洗等因素对结晶收率、效价的影响。改进工艺的结晶产率及效价得到提高，取得良好效果。     

复方妥布霉素混悬滴眼液的研制

目的：设计治疗眼部表面细菌感染的妥布霉素和倍他米松混悬型滴眼液的处方和制备工艺，建立制剂质量控制及含量测定的方法。方法：将倍他米松与PVP制成固体分散体后加缓冲液制备成混悬液，对其粒度、稳定性进行考察，采用HPLC法测定含量。结果：制剂的粒度小，粒径分布范围窄，再分散性好，放置两年后稳定性好，无大于10μm的粒子形成，无凝集现象发生。建立的分析方法能排除辅料的干扰，准确测定含量。结论：复方妥布霉素滴眼液制备工艺简单，贮藏稳定性好。     

高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测妥布霉素的含量

目的:建立小鼠肿瘤中β-榄香烯的含量分析方法并测定静脉给予β-榄香烯固体脂质纳米粒和乳剂1h后小鼠肿瘤中β-榄香烯的浓度。方法:采用HPLC法,色谱柱为Hypersil BDS C18(4.6mm×200mm,5μm);流动相;乙腈-水(90∶10);检测波长为208nm;流速为1mL.min-1。建立小鼠皮下移植性H22肿瘤模型。结果:β-榄香烯与肿瘤中其他组分能很好分离,在0.4~24.0mg.L-1范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9995)。相对回收率大于97%。结论:本方法简单、准确、专属性强,可用于测定实体肿瘤中β-榄香烯的含量。     

泪道激光成形术联合眼膏注入治疗泪道阻塞的千例观察报告

目的 评价激光泪道成形术联合典必殊眼膏注入治疗泪道阻塞的效果.方法 采用国产KTP泪道激光治疗仪对1294例（1468眼）泪道阻塞进行汽化疏通术,联合泪道内注入典必殊眼膏,随访3月～3年.结果 治愈1012眼（68.94%）,好转178眼（12.13%）,无效278眼（18.94%）,总有效率为81.07%.结论 KTP激光联合典必殊眼膏治疗泪道阻塞,疗效肯定.     

CF: an X-ray database to assess effect of aerosolized tobramycin

This paper assesses the effectiveness of aerosolized tobramycin (TOBI) on cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease, using a radiologic tool. The published tool, the age-based severity curve (ABS), is derived from Brasfield scoring of chest X-rays (CXR). This study evaluates both the usefulness of the ABS as an assessment tool and the effectiveness of TOBI. Thirty-eight patients were treated with TOBI. Twenty-four treated with dornase alfa were excluded. Fourteen patients, aged 2 months to 22 years (mean, 17 months of TOBI treatment), comprised the study group. Radiographs were obtained over a mean of 7.8 years (SD = 6.5 years; range, 9 months-18 years). Two hundred and eighty-two CXR of TOBI patients were analyzed following the ABS protocol. Rate of decline in radiologic status of the TOBI group and ABS were compared. Also, TOBI was assessed by comparing rate of decline before and after initiation of treatment. The TOBI group's radiologic assessment was compared to its rate of decline in pulmonary function studies and published population data. Rate of decline in ABS was 0.175 Brasfield points/year vs. 0.150 points/year in the TOBI group (P < 0.001). Before treatment, the TOBI group's rate of decline was 0.169 Brasfield points/year; after treatment, it was 0.150 points/year (P = 0.02). Forced vital capacity revealed a statistically significant slowing in rate of decline on TOBI. Although not statistically significant, rate of decline in forced expiratory volume at 1 sec showed a similar trend. The degree of slowing in decline is similar to that previously reported for pulmonary function studies.