The role of ifosfamide in paediatric cancer

Ifosfamide is an active drug in the therapy of paediatric tumours such as rhabdomyosarcoma, Eivings' sarcoma, Wilms' tumour, neuroblastoma, germ cell tumours and lymphomas. Myelosuppression is the major toxicity along with haemorrhagic cystitis. The latter is largely prevented by the use of concomitant mesna.     

Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) for on-line detection of regional early diastolic ventricular asynchrony in patients with coronary artery disease

Diastolic filling of the left ventricle is often impaired in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) in the absence of systolic wall motion abnormalities or previous myocardial infarction. The current study was designed to assess the ability of tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) for on-line detection of regional diastolic wall motion abnormalities to identify CAD in patients with preserved systolic function. 20 normal subjects (age 51 ± 13years) and 17 CAD patients with normal systolic function and 70% luminal narrowing of the LAD (age 56 ± 11years) were included. Coronary anatomy was unknown to the echocardiographer. In the parasternal short axis and the apical 4-chamber-view, peak tissue velocities of the anterior/inferior and the midseptal/midlateral LV segments during rapid ejection (RE), isovolumic relaxation (IR), rapid filling (RF) and atrial contraction (AC) were analyzed by color-M-Mode-TDI. In the apical view, in 13 of 35 (37%) patients with adequate recordings, myocardial asynchrony was detected during IR: while the septum was moving inwards (red color-coding), the lateral wall was moving outwards (blue/green coding). In the remaining 22 patients (63%) a slow, synchronous outward motion of septum and lateral wall with homogeneous color-coding (blue/green) was seen. Unblinding of the coronary status revealed a critical LAD stenosis in all 13 patients (100%) with myocardial asynchrony. Analysis of midseptal peak velocities during IR revealed positive velocities (1.22 ± 1.64cm/s) in CAD patients and negative velocities (–1.39 ± 0.81cm/s) in normal subjects. Thus, TD1 allowed for the on-line detection of early diastolic asynchrony in 13 of 16 (82%) patients with critical LAD-narrowing. Due to the rapid assessment of regional wall motion abnormalities, TDI might help to identify CAD in patients with normal systolic function.     

Structural and functional remodeling of the left atrium: clinical and therapeutic implications for atrial fibrillation

Left atrial (LA) structural and functional remodeling reflects a spectrum of pathophysiological changes that have occurred in response to specific stressors. These changes include alterations at the levels of ionic channels, cellular energy balance, neurohormonal expression, inflammatory response, and physiologic adaptations. There is convincing evidence demonstrating an important pathophysiological association between LA remodeling and atrial fibrillation (AF). Measures that will prevent, attenuate, or halt these processes of LA remodeling may have a major public health impact with respect to the epidemic of AF. In this review, we describe the mechanisms involved in LA remodeling and highlight the existing and potential therapeutic options for its reversal, and implications for AF development.     

Human Papillomavirus Prevalence in Oropharyngeal Cancer before Vaccine Introduction,United States

We conducted a study to determine prevalence of HPV types in oropharyngeal cancers in the United States and establish a prevaccine baseline for monitoring the impact of vaccination. HPV DNA was extracted from tumor tissue samples from patients in whom cancer was diagnosed during 1995–2005. The samples were obtained from cancer registries and Residual Tissue Repository Program sites in the United States. HPV was detected and typed by using PCR reverse line blot assays. Among 557 invasive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas, 72% were positive for HPV and 62% for vaccine types HPV16 or 18. Prevalence of HPV-16/18 was lower in women (53%) than in men (66%), and lower in non-Hispanic Black patients (31%) than in other racial/ethnic groups (68%–80%). Results indicate that vaccines could prevent most oropharyngeal cancers in the United States, but their effect may vary by demographic variables.     

兔主动脉内皮细胞制备方法的优化

目的为构建骨组织工程血管化提供优质种子细胞。方法采用血管内膜外翻和胶原酶消化法分离培养兔主动脉内皮细胞并传代;采用倒置显微镜、透射电镜观察和免疫荧光法鉴定。结果培养的血管内皮细胞在第3~5天为对数生长期,倒置显微镜下可见内皮细胞呈紧密排列、短梭多角形的"鹅卵石"形态;透射电镜可见内皮细胞特征性Weible-Palade小体;经免疫荧光法鉴定证明该细胞CD31抗原阳性。结论采用血管内膜外翻等方法制备的兔血管内皮细胞的成活率高,且纯度高、数量多、具有良好的生物学活性。该法可为骨组织工程血管化的研究提供种子细胞。     

扩大的耳廓组织瓣游离移植修复鼻基底细胞癌术后缺损

目的:探讨应用扩大的耳廓复合组织瓣修复鼻部基底细胞癌扩大切除术后缺损创面的手术方法及适应证。方法:根据患者病理确诊后实施鼻部基底细胞癌扩大切除术,依据缺损范围,采用单侧或双侧扩大耳廓复合组织瓣游离移植进行修复。术中彻底切除癌组织,病理证实切缘(-),将耳廓复合组织瓣游离,楔形植入鼻部缺损区,适度加压包扎固定,术后2周拆线。结果:本组18例患者,均移植成功,外形满意。修复创面面积约2.0~2.5cm,随访患者3~6个月,移植初期创面组织高出鼻部周缘,后期均发生不同程度回缩,与周缘组织融合自然,外形基本满意。结论:通过病理学证实肿物性质,确保周缘阴性,形成扩大创面,选用扩大耳廓复合组织瓣游离移植修复,通过对移植组织块精细缝合和适度加压固定技术,使创面得以修复,外形自然,供区隐蔽。本术式是较理想修复鼻部较大创面的术式选择。     

远端筋膜蒂第一跖背动脉皮瓣修复躅趾皮肤缺损

目的探讨远端筋膜蒂第一跖背动脉皮瓣修复蹰趾皮肤缺损的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2008年10月～2013年10月采用远端筋膜蒂第一跖背动脉皮瓣修复躅趾皮肤缺损患者9例,供区行中厚皮片移植。结果9例患者均获得随访,随访时间平均6（3～12）个月。皮瓣全部成活,皮瓣颜色、质地、厚薄与受区皮肤相近。1例皮瓣少许皮肤坏死,经换药3周后Ⅱ期愈合。供区植皮均Ⅰ期愈合。两点辨别觉为6～13mm,患者行走正常,皮瓣及供区植皮处皮肤无破溃。患者对外观、功能满意。结论相较于传统第一跖背动脉皮瓣,远端筋膜蒂第一跖背动脉皮瓣血管蒂长,转移覆盖范围增大,皮瓣血供更有保障,供区影响小,术后外形良好,是修复躅趾皮肤缺损的一种较好的方法。