It's costly punishment,not altruistic: Low midfrontal theta and state anger predict punishment

Punishment in economic games has been interpreted as “altruistic.” However, it was shown that punishment is related to trait anger instead of trait altruism in a third-party dictator game if compensation is also available. Here, we investigated the influence of state anger on punishment and compensation in the third-party dictator game. Therefore, we used movie sequences for emotional priming, including the target states anger, happy, and neutral. We measured the Feedback-Related Negativity (FRN) and midfrontal theta band activation, to investigate an electro-cortical correlate of the processing of fair and unfair offers. Also, we assessed single-trial FRN and midfrontal theta band activation as a predictor for punishment and compensation. We found that punishment was linked to state anger. Midfrontal theta band activation, which has previously been linked to altruistic acts and cognitive control, predicted less punishment. Additionally, trait anger led to enhanced FRN for unfair offers. This led to the interpretation that the FRN depicts the evaluation of fairness, while midfrontal theta band activation captures an aspect of cognitive control and altruistic motivation. We conclude that we need to redefine “altruistic punishment” into “costly punishment,” as no direct link of altruism and punishment is given. Additionally, midfrontal theta band activation complements the FRN and offers additional insights into complex responses and decision processes, especially as a single trial predictor.      

不同支抗控制可影响拔牙矫治中上颌第3磨牙的位置

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

Correlation of antibiotic prophylaxis and difficulty of extraction with postoperative inflammatory complications in the lower third molar surgery

Our aim was to investigate the correlation among antibiotic prophylaxis, difficulty of extraction, and postoperative complications in the removal of lower 3rd molars. A total of 1222 such extractions in 890 patients between January 2010 and January 2012 were analysed retrospectively. The difficulty of extraction measured by Pederson's index, antibiotic prophylaxis with cefditoren, and postoperative complications were recorded. The difficulty of extraction was significantly associated with postoperative complications (p = 0.03). There were no significant associations between antibiotic prophylaxis and postoperative complications in groups of equal difficulty (“easy” group (class I) p = 1.00; “moderate” group (class II) p = 1.00; and “difficult” group (class III) p = 0.65). There was a small but insignificant increase in the number of dry sockets and infections in class III cases. In conclusion, this study provides further evidence that antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of postoperative inflammatory complications is unnecessary for extraction of 3rd molars.     

咀嚼肌内注射地塞米松预防下颌阻生智齿拔除术后并发症的疗效观察

目的：观察咀嚼肌内注射地塞米松预防下颌阻生智齿拔除术后面颊部肿胀、张口受限等并发症的疗效。方法：将390例需要翻瓣去骨拔除下颌阻生智齿病例随机分成2组,对照组常规麻醉后拔牙;实验组常规麻醉后,将地塞米松5 mg分3点注射于智齿颊侧深面咬肌前部、磨牙后区下颌支前缘颞肌内、下颌支内侧翼内肌内,观察两组病例拔牙术后局部肿胀、张口受限的差异。结果：两组病例术后肿胀和张口受限发生率均有显著性差异（P≤0．05）。结论：咀嚼肌内注射地塞米松可有效降低翻瓣去骨法拔除下颌阻生智齿术后局部肿胀和张口受限的并发症。     

口腔颌面部锥形束CT结合微创拔牙技术在下颌阻生第三磨牙拔除中的临床应用

目的研究口腔颌面部锥形束CT(CBCT)检查结合牙体分割微创拔牙技术在下颌阻生第三磨牙(IMTM)拔除中的临床应用。方法选取2018年1月至2019年5月四川省攀枝花市中心医院诊断为IMTM的97例(155颗)拔牙患者为研究对象。术前CBCT明确IMTM与周围重要组织的关系,术中采用转角高速涡轮机夹持长臂裂钻分割牙体,以微创的方式分块拔除IMTM。记录拔牙时间、患者满意度、术中及术后并发症等指标。采用t检验比较男、女间拔牙时间的差异,采用方差分析比较不同阻生牙类型及不同年龄段组间拔牙时间的差异。结果CBCT结果显示67.7%(105/155)的下颌管位于IMTM根尖的颊侧、22.6%根尖下方、9.7%舌侧,其中24.5%<1 mm;24颗(15.5%,24/155)IMTM根尖区舌侧骨板缺如,56颗牙(36.1%,56/155)<1 mm。IMTM以近中、垂直及水平向阻生最为常见,平均拔牙时间分别是(24.3±1.1)min,(15.6±1.2)min,(29.7±1.8)min,差异有统计学意义(F=23.85,P<0.001);术中8颗牙(5.2%,8/155)下颌管暴露,无1例舌侧骨板损伤致牙根移位。术后3例少量出血,1例发生干槽症,无1例发生下唇麻木,患者满意度在95.5%以上。结论CBCT应作为IMTM拔除前常规的影像学检查手段。高速涡轮机牙体分割微创拔牙技术适用于各类IMTM拔除,具有创伤小、临床效率高、并发症少、患者满意度高等优点。     

高性能战斗机飞行员心理健康状况及个性特点分析

目的: 评估高性能战斗机飞行员的心理健康状态和个性特点,为维护飞行员的心理健康提供客观依据. 方法: 采用飞行人员心理健康量表(MHI)对128名飞行员施测,其中高性能战斗机飞行员72名,其他战斗机机种飞行员56名. 结果: 高性能战斗机飞行人员心理适应度好,外向性格,强自信性,自律严谨、稳定成熟,成就指数较高;不同飞行时间高性能战斗机飞行人员MHI各因素分及四个维度间差异不显著(P>0.05);高性能战斗机飞行员在多项因子分上与非高性能战斗机飞行员相比,除性格倾向性(P=0.24)、进取性(P=0.27)、敢为性(P=0.13)三个因素外,其余各因素及各维度间均有显著差异. 结论: 高性能战斗机飞行员的心理健康状态要好于非高性能战斗机飞行员,其性格特点表现为强自信、情绪稳定、沉着、坚定,高敢为性,有意志,坚忍不拔等.     

引流在下颌阻生第三磨牙拔除后应用效果的研究

目的观察引流在预防下颌阻生第三磨牙拔除后并发症的作用.方法对需切开粘膜或翻瓣去骨拔除下颌阻生第三磨牙的患者分别随机分为实验组和对照组.在拔出阻生牙后,实验组用橡皮条引流,对照组不用.结果只切开粘膜患者中,实验组和对照组,在术后出血,感染,局部疼痛方面,无统计学意义,在局部肿胀、张口受限、发生干槽症方面,有统计学意义.翻瓣去骨患者中,实验组和对照组,在术后出血方面,无统计学意义,在感染,局部疼痛,局部肿胀、张口受限、发生干槽症方面,有统计学意义.结论引流能减少下颌阻生第三磨牙拔除后并发症的发生.     

神经内镜治疗脑积水的适应证与并发症

目的研究神经内镜治疗脑积水的适应证、效果和并发症。方法采用神经内镜治疗脑积水30例,其中神经内镜三脑室造瘘术(ETV)22例,神经内镜透明膈造瘘术2例,因室间孔狭小或视野不清改行脑室-腹腔分流术5例。分析其临床和影像学结果,总结其效果、适应证和并发症。结果行ETV的22例术后颅内压210~240mmH2O,平均(226±28)mmH2O。并发脑膜炎2例,发热4例,1例切口愈合不良,4例ETV术后并发头皮下少量积液。出血3例,无死亡和永久后遗症。结论对于因导水管狭窄、后颅窝和中脑占位引起的梗阻性脑积水患者ETV有很好的效果。慎重选择造瘘部位和器械对于避免出血等严重并发症有重要意义。