下颌第三阻生牙拔除术并发症回顾性分析

目的探讨下颌第三阻生智齿拔除术术中和术后并发症的原因和防治方法。方法对2008年1月到2012年3月拔除的482例下颌第三阻生齿临床资料进行回顾性分析,对术中并发症和术中并发症进行分析,寻找阻生齿拔除术并发症的有效防治手段。结果术中发生断根25例,舌侧牙槽骨板折裂30例,牙龈撕裂16例,邻牙损伤5例。术后早期并发症425例,其中同时具备疼痛、肿胀和张口受限症状的患者253例,单纯疼痛者22例,疼痛伴张口受限者80例,疼痛伴肿胀者70例,后期并发症中出血20例,干槽症30例。局部感觉异常12例,间隙感染10例。结论阻生牙术前应拍曲面断层片,正确评估拔牙难度和阻力分析,选用涡轮钻法,动作轻柔,缩短拔牙时间,减少创伤,能预防并发症的发生。     

正畸拔除前磨牙对第三磨牙倾角影响的Meta 分析

目的：系统比较正畸拔除前磨牙后对第三磨牙倾角的影响。方法：电子检索 Cochrane图书馆,Pubmed, Embase,中文科技期刊数据库,中国期刊全文数据库,中国生物医学文献数据库和万方数据库中关于正畸拔牙与非 拔牙矫治前后第三磨牙倾角变化的所有文献,按拔牙组与非拔牙组进行统计学分析,拔牙组又根据拔牙模式分为拔 除第一前磨牙和拔除第二前磨牙两个亚组。检索时限从1990年1月1日至2014年5月20日。文献筛选、资料提取以及质 量评价均由两名研究者独立进行并交叉核对,如有分歧通过讨论解决,然后采用 RevMan 5.3.3 软件进行 Meta 分析。 结果：纳入10篇文献,共712名患者。Meta分析结果：拔牙组与非拔牙组相比,上下颌第三磨牙倾角的变化值均有统 计学意义(均P<0.05),两组第三磨牙倾角变化的差值上颌约为5.19°,下颌约3.55°;拔牙组的亚组分析中,拔除第一前 磨牙后下颌第三磨牙倾角变化值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论：正畸拔除第一、第二前磨牙后上颌第三磨牙均变 得更直立,下颌拔除第二前磨牙后第三磨牙更直立。     

Factors affecting root migration after coronectomy of the mandibular third molar

Nerve injury especially inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) is the one of the complications that occur when the mandibular third molar (M3) is extracted and in case of high risk patients, coronectomy might be an alternative to tooth extraction. The purpose of this retrospective study was to analyze root migration and its influencing factors at 6 months after coronectomy in both 2- and 3-dimensions using periapical view and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). We analyzed 33 cases of root remnant after coronectomy and measured the amount of migration in CBCT. The following factors that could possibly affect root migration were also analyzed: age, gender, number of M3 roots, shape of M3s, Pell, and Gregory classification, mesiodistal (MD) angulation, buccolingual (BL) angulation, contact point with the second molar, root curvature, and complete removal of the coronal portion. Migration of greater than 2 mm was found in 64% of the roots in the 2-dimensional (2D) analysis, and the average root migration was 4.11 mm in the 3-dimensional (3D) analysis. The factors affecting migration were the root morphology, complete removal of the coronal portion, impaction depth, and MD angulation in the 2D analysis, and MD and BL angulation in the 3D analysis. Ensuring sufficient space for root migration especially considering angulation, depth and complete removal of the coronal portion might be important factors after coronectomy of the M3. Root remnant after coronectomy of M3 may migrate in young patients who has sufficient empty coronal space and this may reduce the nerve damage by the separation of IAN and M3.     

Deleting the BAFF receptor TACI protects against systemic lupus erythematosus without extensive reduction of B cell numbers

B cell-activating factor of the TNF family (BAFF) is an essential B cell survival factor. However, high levels of BAFF promote systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in mice and humans. Belimumab (anti-human BAFF) limits B cell survival and is approved for use in patients with SLE. Surprisingly, the efficacy of rituximab (anti-human CD20) in SLE remains controversial, despite depleting B cells more potently than belimumab. This raises the question of whether B cell depletion is really the mechanism of action of belimumab. In BAFF transgenic mice, SLE development is T cell-independent but relies on innate activation of B cells via TLRs, and TLR expression is modulated by the BAFF receptor TACI. Here, we show that loss of TACI on B cells protected against BAFF-mediated autoimmune manifestations while preserving B cells, suggesting that loss of BAFF signaling through TACI rather than loss of B cells may underpin the effect of belimumab in the clinic. Therefore, B cell-sparing blockade of TACI may offer a more specific and safer therapeutic alternative to broad B cell depletion in SLE.     

Corrective surgery using a gridiron incision for abdominal pain caused by a folded ovary in the third trimester of pregnancy

IntroductionSonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be helpful to obtain an accurate diagnosis of acute abdominal pain in pregnancy. Adnexal torsion presenting in the first or second trimester can be confirmed and treated through laparoscopic surgery; however laparoscopic surgery in the third trimester can be difficult owing to the large uterus, and a gridiron incision can be useful.Case Report/Case presentationAn 18-year-old gravida 1, para 0 (G1P0) woman at 30 + 4 weeks of gestation presented with sudden-onset cyclic pain in the right lower quadrant. Abdominal ultrasonography showed a normal appendix, and MRI showed a normal appendix and normal ovaries. The patient’s prominent tender point was marked and compared with the MR images, which confirmed the mark as the position of the right ovary. Laparotomy was performed through a gridiron incision, and a folded right ovary was identified. The ovary was unfolded, and TachoSil® and Surgicel® were used to maintain the unfolded position. The patient’s pain resolved, and her postoperative course was uneventful. She delivered a healthy, 2540-g male baby at 35 weeks’ gestation.Discussion/ConclusionsA gridiron incision was useful to treat a folded ovary in the third trimester and to evaluate the adnexa and minimize uterine manipulation.     

Patient,radiological, and operative factors associated with surgical difficulty in the extraction of third molars: a systematic review

The aim of this systematic review was to determine the patient, radiological, and operative variables associated with surgical difficulty in the extraction of third molars, according to a visual analogue scale completed by the surgeon, operative time, or surgical technique. Searches of the PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were conducted by two independent reviewers. Randomized and non-randomized clinical trials and prospective cohort studies evaluating surgical difficulty in the extraction of impacted mandibular or maxillary third molars according to patient, radiological, and operative variables were included. The full texts of 21 of the 859 articles initially retrieved were analysed, and 15 articles were included in the final systematic review. All 15 reported prospective cohort studies. The following variables were found to be on the spectrum of highly difficult or complex cases: older patient age and being overweight (patient variables), surgeons with little experience and the use of complex surgical techniques requiring tooth sectioning linked to hard tissue impaction (operative variables), and adverse radiological factors such as deep impaction, unfavourable angulation and root morphology, and a close relationship with the second molar, maxillary sinus, or the inferior alveolar nerve canal (radiological variables).     

CBCT对下颌第三磨牙手术术式选择的影响作用

目的:评估CBCT对下颌第三磨牙拔除术式选择的影响。方法:选择130例符合手术适应症的下颌第三磨牙,通过使用两种放射学检查方法作为术前检查:(1)全景片检查;(2)CBCT检查。在经放射学检查之后,手术方案即被确定下来:拔除术或者截冠术。第一步治疗计划根据全景片拟定,第二步根据CBCT确定。记录经拍摄CBCT后,选择使用截冠术的倾向因素。结果:手术方案是根据第二步治疗计划所执行的。113例(86.9%)样本的第一步治疗计划和第二步治疗计划是一致的,而经拍摄CBCT后的17例(13.1%)样本的治疗计划发生了改变。数据使用SPSS 22分析并应用5%的部分有统计学意义。下颌第三磨牙与下牙槽神经管直接接触时,会极大的影响治疗方案并最终选择使用截冠术。然而,直接接触并非一个充分的影响因素;另外,根的数量、根与神经管之间有无皮质骨、神经管是否位于根的凹陷处以及牙根与神经管接触的长度,也是对于选择截冠术的重要影响因素。结论:CBCT影响了13.1%的治疗计划。CBCT影像中观察到的下颌第三磨牙与神经管管腔的直接接触、神经管在根尖复合体附近弯曲或凹陷的位置、根与神经管之间有无皮质骨以及牙根与神经管接触的长度,对于决定使用截冠术是重要的影响因素。     

黏膜下注射曲马多对下颌智齿术后疼痛的疗效

目的：评估黏膜下注射曲马多缓解下颌智齿术后疼痛的有效性。方法：选取拔除智齿的患者40例,采用随机数字表法分成实验组（A组：曲马多注射组）和对照组（B组：生理盐水注射组）。采集患者在术后1、2、6、24、48 h由视觉模拟疼痛量表（VAPS）评定的分值。采用具有一个重复测量两因素一元定量资料方差分析统计。结果：A组术后疼痛评分显著降低,在2、6、24 h差异有统计学意义（P=0.006,P<0.001,P<0.001）。术后48 h无统计学意义（P=0.061）。结论：曲马多黏膜下注射对下颌第三磨牙术后早期疼痛控制有明显疗效。