载药微球经导管动脉化疗栓塞治疗肝细胞癌研究进展

载药微球经导管动脉化疗栓塞(DEB-TACE)利用微球在靶病灶内释放化学治疗(简称化疗)药物,使靶肿瘤内药物浓度更高,而全身化疗药物浓度及不良反应降低;且微球可较完全栓塞肿瘤毛细血管网,闭塞肿瘤邻近血管,致癌细胞缺血、缺氧而坏死。本文对DEB-TACE治疗肝细胞癌(HCC)研究进展进行综述。     

环孢素A对实验大鼠脑缺血治疗作用的组织化学研究

【目的】进一步证实免疫因素在脑缺血病理变化中的作用。【方法】将 6 0只局部脑缺血模型SD大鼠分为缺血 3d ,1周和 2周 3个缺血时间组 ,每组分为生理盐水对照和环孢素A治疗两个部分 ,进行TTC和HE组化染色实验 ,并对结果进行统计处理 (t检验 )。【结果】脑缺血 1周 ,环孢素处理组的组织病理学变化较生理盐水对照组明显减轻 ,脑梗塞体积和死亡的神经元数量在环孢素A处理组分别为 3 2 %和 15 8/ 0 0 6 2 5mm2 ,而生理盐水组则为 5 9%和 2 2 1/ 0 0 6 2 5mm2 ,两组之间有显著差异 (P <0 0 5 )。但在脑缺血 3d和 2周组 ,上述变化两组之间无统计学差异。【结论】环孢素A对实验大鼠的缺血性神经元具有一定保护作用 ,结果提示免疫因素的介入 ,加重了脑缺血性损伤。     

45例肾血管肌脂瘤的治疗

目的：探讨肾血管肌脂瘤的治疗方法。方法：４５例患者中２３例未作特殊治疗;６例超选择性动脉栓塞治疗、７例行肿瘤剜除术或肾部分切除术、９例行全肾切除术。结果：随访２１例,平均随访时间３．６ａ。未作特殊治疗的病例中未发现肿瘤破裂出血,２便肿瘤体积增大但我症状;超选择性动脉栓塞病例无症状复发、无破裂出血、肾功能稳定。手术患者均保持肾功能稳定,无肿瘤复发。结论：对本病采取保守性治疗原则。超选择肾动脉栓塞是简     

Science signals a new understanding of marihuana

Some recent scientific advances in the study of the cannabinoids are outlined. The mode of action of marihuana and the cannabinoids has now been described. They belong to a new class of drug that acts on a hitherto undescribed neuro-physiological system. An endogenous neurotransmitter or neuromodulator for this system has been isolated, identified and named “anandamide”. These findings throw new light and imbue new confidence for the future of the therapeutic application of compounds derived from and related to the cannabinoids and anandamide. An outline is also provided of the current knowledge and future potential of cannabinoids in therapeutics. The effect of the current legal classification of the cannabinoids on the research and development of these compounds is discussed.     

Interactive risk factors for treatment adherence in a chronic psychotic disorders population

This study identified the unique and primary contributions of several concurrent risk factors for poor adherence to treatment recommendations in a clinic population of individuals with chronic psychotic disorders, i.e. 48% had DSM-IV diagnoses of schizoaffective disorder, 38% had schizophrenia, paranoid type, 12% had schizophrenia, undifferentiated type, and 2% had affective disorder with psychotic features. The target cohort consisted of 87 consecutive admissions to a continuing day treatment program. As part of a services-oriented quality assurance program, clinical staff completed rating scales for all patients. These included the BASIS-32 rating scale, which consisted of the following five subscales: psychosis; depression/anxiety; impulsive/addictive behavior; relation to self and others; and daily living and role functioning, and the Working Alliance Inventory-short form (therapist version), which consisted of the following three subscales: goal; task; and bond. These data were used to identify risk factors that weaken a patient's adherence to medication and non-medication treatment during the first 2 weeks of treatment in the clinic. Medication treatment consisted of both typical and atypical neuroleptic medications, with most patients being on multiple medications. Correlational analyses suggested that many of the risk factor variables were significantly associated with poor treatment adherence. Regression analyses suggested that the degree of psychoticism was most strongly associated with poor adherence to medication treatment and that difficulties relating to self and others were the strongest predictor of poor adherence to non-medication treatment. A large-sample services research design such as this can begin to determine patterns of associations between previous identified risk factors and poor treatment adherence in individuals with chronic psychotic disorders.     

米非司酮对妊娠期尖锐湿疣的疗效观察

目的 探讨米非司酮对妊娠期尖锐湿疣的疗效。方法 将早孕合并尖锐湿疣的48例患分为实验组28例,对照组20例。实验组口服米非司酮,对照组行激光治疗,观察一周内尖锐湿疣组织的脱落情况,并作X^2检验。结果实验组尖锐湿疣组织脱落情况明显优于对照组(P<0．01)。结论米非司酮对妊娠期尖锐湿疣有很好的疗效。     

Hypertension in the elderly: Age- and disease-related complications and therapeutic implications

Summary Effective treatment of hypertension in the elderly requires an understanding of both the progressive course of the disease and the impact of aging on the cardiovascular system, including physiological, genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Review of the literature that has attempted to define the impact of an aging process on cardiovascular structure and function reveals a diversity of findings and interpretations. However, in general, normotensive elderly subjects exhibit the heart and vascular characteristics of muted hypertension, including many features of younger hypertensive patients: cardiac hypertrophy, diminution in resting left ventricular early diastolic filling rate, increased arterial stiffness and aortic impedance, diminution in the baroreceptor reflex, a diminished response to catecholamines and diminished renal blood flow, and an increase in peripheral vascular resistance (PVR). Treatment of elderly hypertensives is more challenging because of the greater likelihood of the presence of concomitant diseases, most importantly, coronary and peripheral atherosclerosis, renal dysfunction, and diabetes mellitus. Isolated systolic hypertension (ISH), the most common form of hypertension in the elderly, has also been clearly shown to be an important predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, including coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, and stroke. Treatment of ISH has been shown to lower systolic pressure safely and effectively in the elderly. By reducing PVR, and possibly the arterial stiffness, and thus the early reflected pulse waves, vasodilators, including calcium antagonists, may lower these three components of arterial impedance, and hence lower the arterial load on the heart. The cardiac hypertrophy and reduced left ventricular filling rate associated with hypertension in older individuals can also be ameliorated, to some extent, by calcium channel blockers.Proceedings of a symposium held in Atlanta, Georgia on March 2, 1991.     

三黄软膏皮肤用药毒性实验研究

为观察三黄软膏药物外用的安全性 ,进行了动物完整皮肤及破损皮肤长期接触三黄软膏 ,经皮肤渗透对局部及全身产生的毒性和反应的恢复程度 ,用三黄软膏 2g·kg-1、10g·kg-1剂量 (分别相当于 6 0kg人临床用量的 10、5 0倍 )连续对家用兔外用给药4周及停药恢复性观察 2周。结果表明给药期动物的皮肤状况、全身症状、行为活动、摄食、粪便性状、体重增长、血液学均未见明显的毒性反应 ,而高剂量组动物血液生化指标AST、ALT明显增高 ,病理组织学检查时肝水肿明显 ,可见有一定的毒性反应 ;停药期动物的血液生化指标AST、ALT肝组织病理组织学检查恢复正常 ,其他各项指标均未见明显的毒性反应 ,可见该毒性反应是可逆恢复的。表明三黄软膏在临床用药范围内连续使用是比较安全的。