Preimplantation development following in vitro fertilization of mouse oocytes: Effects of timing of superovulation and preincubation in vitro

The early embryonic development of in vitro fertilized oocytes was assessed following superovulation in F₁ hybrid C57BL/6×CBA/Ca mice. Decreasing the time interval between the administration of constant doses of pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) resulted in decreases in the frequency of development to the blastocyst stage but had no significant effect on development to the two-cell stage. Preincubation of postovulatory oocytes in vitro prior to insemination did not compensate for the reduced preovulatory development in vivo but resulted in decreases in the frequency of development to the blastocyst stage. The results indicate that inadequate preovulatory development of superovulated mouse oocytes can adversely affect the preimplantation development of in vitro fertilized embryos in the absence of a visible inhibitory effect on development to the two-cell stage and also that preincubation of postovulatory oocytes in vitro prior to fertilization reduces subsequent developmental capacity.     

辅助生殖技术治疗周期中单侧卵巢对超促排卵及妊娠的影响

目的了解辅助生殖技术(ART)治疗周期中单侧卵巢对超促排卵效果及临床结果的影响.方法对2001年1月～2003年12月3 a内在湘雅医院生殖医学中心接受ART治疗的30个单侧卵巢病例进行分析,了解ART周期治疗前单侧卵巢切除的原因,比较单侧与双侧卵巢患者超促排卵后获卵数及注射HCG日E2水平、植入率及临床妊娠率的差异.结果ART治疗前手术切除一侧卵巢的原因以卵巢病变及宫外孕为主,且单侧卵巢超促排卵后促性腺激素(Gn)用量、用药时间、受精率、卵裂率及妊娠率与双侧卵巢比较差异无显著性(P＞0.05),而注射HCG日E2水平及获卵数较双侧卵巢为低(P＜0.01).结论ART周期中单侧卵巢行IVF-ET时虽临床妊娠率与双卵巢无差异,但注射HCG日E2水平及获卵数低于双侧卵巢,因此对良性卵巢病变生育前应尽量采取保守性手术.     

Quality of oocytes from superovulated rhesus monkeys.

The parameters, serum oestradiol (E2) response, follicle size and cumulus morphology, which are commonly used to determine in-vivo oocyte maturation in human in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) programmes, were shown to be unreliable predictors of maturation of rhesus oocytes. In two groups of rhesus, one stimulated with pregnant mares' serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) and the other with human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) and HCG, the three parameters varied widely within and between protocols. Triple fluorochrome staining (TFS) for chromatin, microtubules and filamentous actin (f-actin) in oocytes at the time of collection and following 24 h in culture showed major differences in their maturation both in vivo and in vitro following priming with PMSG and HMG. In evaluating IVF protocols, TFS provides a valuable assay for the meiotic status of fixed oocytes of non-human primates.     

影响本地杂交黄牛胚胎移植妊娠率的因素分析

本试验选用本地杂交黄牛作为受体,在同一饲养条件下,利用自然发情的方法,移植黑白花奶牛提供的胚胎,移植结果显示:胚胎发育日龄和受体发情日期同步移植,受胎率44.2%,8天受体移植7天桑葚胚,受胎率38.9%,7天受体移植8天囊胚,受胎率35.5%,三者比较差异不显著(P>0.05)。冻胚分别移植A、B、C级黄体的受体,其受胎率分别为40.4%、37.2%、33.3%,三者差异不显著(P>0.05);而鲜胚移植A、B、C级黄体,受胎率分别为48.6%,40.3%,25.8%,A、B级黄体移植受胎率差异不显著(P>0.05),A、C级黄体差异极显著(P<0.01),B、C级黄体差异显著(P<0.05)。不同胚胎质量比较:一、二、三级胚胎移植受胎率分别为50.5%、42.6、25.2%,三者比较,一级、二级胚胎受胎率差异不显著(P>0.05),但二级和三级差异显著(P<0.05),一级和三级差异极显著(P<0.01)。移植单胚和双胚的受胎率分别为25.2%,40.2%,二者差异显著(P<0.05)。     

Immunization against endogenous inhibin increases normal oocyte/embryo production in adult mice

The objectives of the present study were to induce superovulation in adult mice by immunoneutralization of endogenous inhibin and to investigate embryo development in vivo and in vitro. Adult female mice of the ddY strain at 3 mo of age were superovulated with a single ip injection of inhibin antiserum (inhibin-AS; 50, 100, or 200 μL) at 12:00 h on metestrus of the 4-d estrous cycle. The control group was treated with 100 μL normal goat serum (control serum). Five mice were sacrificed every 6 h and blood samples were collected for hormonal assay. Individual female mice were bred in the afternoon of proestrus with individual fertile males. Embryos were collected at 08.00 h on d 2 post-coitus and cultured in KSOM solution. Treatment with inhibin-AS significantly increased the concentrations of plasma FSH. Furthermore, there was a significant elevation in plasma concentrations of estradiol-17β and progesterone in the inhibin-immunized groups in comparison with controls. The superovulated oocytes that were fertilized normally in vivo were able to develop normally to blastocysts in vitro. The number of oocytes and blastocysts developed in animals treated with inhibin-AS was significantly higher than that for mice treated with control serum. Moreover, the rate of fertilization and the rate of blastocyst development were similar in inhibin-AS treated and control groups. These results indicate that immunoneutralization of endogenous inhibin induces superovulation in adult mice without additional treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). In addition, the superovulated oocytes obtained by administration of inhibin-AS have normal embryonic developmental competence.     

榛花对糖尿病小鼠血清SOD活性及MDA含量的影响

[目的]观察榛花对糖尿病小鼠血清SOD活性及MDA含量的影响.[方法]采用四氧嘧啶制作小鼠糖尿病模型,用比色分析法测定各组小鼠使用榛花治疗前后血清SOD活性及MDA含量.[结果]榛花可提高糖尿病小鼠血清SOD活性,降低MDA含量.[结论]榛花具有清除自由基及抗脂质过氧化作用.     

Comparison between depot leuprorelin and daily buserelin in IVF

Objectives To compare the effects of depot and daily forms of GnRH analogs in IVF programs.Methods One hundred seventeen patients undergoing IVF, with no severe male factor, were randomized between two treatment groups. Pituitary desensitization was obtained in group 1 (60 patients) with a single IM injection of leuprorelin (3.75 mg), and in group 2 (57 patients) with buserelin (0.3 mg SC twice daily). In a subgroup of 10 patients (5 for the depot form and 5 for the daily form) several GnRH tests were performed to investigate pituitary desensitization.Results No differences were found in the time to reach desensitization. Resumption of pituitary activity occurred in 7 days with the daily form and in about 2 months with the depot form. No significant differences were found in the stimulation pattern, oocyte quality, percentage of fertilization. The pregnancy rate per transfer was slightly, but not significantly, better in the depot group (29.4% vs 25.9%). Implantation rate (11.9% vs 12.3%) and the percentage of miscarriages (26.6% vs 28.5%) were similar.Conclusion Depot and daily forms of GnRH analogs are equally effective in superovulation induction for IVF. Considering improved patient compliance and preference, depot forms are advantageous.Presented at the 50th Annual Meeting of the American Fertility Society, San Antonio, Texas, November 5–10, 1994.     

Relative bioactivity of endogenous luteinizing hormone during superovulation therapy for in vitro fertilization in normal-cycling women

Purpose: Impaired outcome of in vitro fertilization treatment has been related to abnormal luteining hormone (LH) secretion and to the occurrence of a premature LH surge. The purpose of this study was to compare LH serum concentrations, measured by bioassay (LH-b) and immunoassay (LH-i), during early and late follicular phases in normal-ovulatory women who were stimulated with clomiphene, human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG), and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), while undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment for infertility, due mainly to tubal damage. Results: Of 22 patients, 15 had an LH surge (surge group) before receiving hCG and 7 did not (nonsurge group). LH-b and LH-i concentrations were higher in the late follicular phase than before clomiphene treatment, but the LH-b/LH-i (B/I) ratios remained unchanged and there were no significant differences between the LH surge and the nonsurge groups. In the surge group, the B/I ratio appeared to fall during the LH surge [presurge values, 5.4 ± 0.5 (SD) and 5.2 ± 0.5; surge values, 4.9 ± 0.6 and later 4.0 ± 0.6], but the differences were not significant, and in some individuals, the B/I ratio later rose as the LH surge progressed. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that interference with IVF outcome by a spontaneous LH surge is due to quantitative and/or exposure time effects on the oocyte, rather than to any qualitative variation in bioactivity of LH.     

蓝靛果乙酸乙酯萃取物对小鼠S_(180)实体瘤的抑制作用

[目的]研究蓝靛果乙酸乙酯萃取物(EELC)对小鼠S180实体瘤的抑制作用及血清SOD,MDA, NO,NOS的影响.[方法]将EELC灌胃给予实体瘤模型小鼠,观察对小鼠肿瘤的抑制作用,并用比色法测定血清SOD,NOS,MDA,NO值.[结果]EELC对小鼠S180实体瘤的生长有明显的抑制作用,EELC 大、中、小剂量组的肿瘤抑制率分别为50.99%,39.45%,27.84%;EELC可提高S180实体瘤小鼠血清SOD活力,降低MDA,NO,NOS值.[结论]EELC对小鼠S180实体瘤的生长有抑制作用.