Box-Behnken响应面法优选海马益智方提取工艺

目的：利用Box-Behnken响应面法优选海马益智方提取工艺。方法：以远志酮Ⅲ和3,6'-二芥子酰基蔗糖含量及复方浸膏得率为评价指标,采用多指标综合评分法,以加水量、提取时间、提取次数作为考察因素,在单因素试验基础上运用Box-Behnken响应面法对海马益智方的提取工艺进行优化,并进行验证试验。结果：优选得出的最佳提取工艺为：加水量10倍,提取时间1.5 h,提取次数2次。验证试验中预测综合评分为98.66,而实际综合评分均值为97.34,与预测值间的差异较小。结论：优选的海马益智方提取工艺稳定可行、重现性良好,可为海马益智方的研究开发提供参考依据及技术支持。     

加味当归补血汤联合补铁治疗对老年慢性心力衰竭伴轻度贫血患者血象及预后的影响

目的:探究加味当归补血汤联合补铁治疗老年慢性心力衰竭(CHF)伴轻度贫血患者的临床效果,并分析其对预后的影响。方法:选取2013年3月至2014年10月秦皇岛市海港医院收治的老年CHF伴轻度贫血患者60例进行前瞻性研究,按照随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组,每组30例。对照组给予蔗糖铁治疗,观察组在此基础上加用加味当归补血汤治疗,2组均连续治疗3个月。统计2组患者治疗前后总铁结合力(TIBC)、血清铁蛋白(SF)、转铁蛋白饱和度(TS)水平变化;记录2组患者治疗前后血红蛋白(Hb)、6 min步行试验(6MWT)、氨基端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)水平;记录2组患者治疗前后左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室射血分数(LVEF);对2组患者治疗前后心功能进行NYHA分级。结果:治疗后,观察组临床治疗有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后观察组TIBC、SF、TS水平显著高于治疗前与对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。与治疗前比较,观察组患者Hb、6MWT水平显著增高,且显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后观察组患者NT-proBNP水平显著下降,且显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。与治疗前比较,治疗后2组患者LVEF水平显著增高,且观察组显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后观察组LVEDD水平显著下降,且显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。与治疗前比较,治疗后2组患者NYHA分级Ⅱ～Ⅲ级例数均显著降低,且观察组显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:加味当归补血汤联合补铁治疗可有效缓解CHF合并轻度贫血患者临床的症状,提高Hb水平,改善心功能,疗效优于常规抗心力衰竭治疗。     

COMPARATIVE ABSORPTION OF BISMUTH IN SPRAGUE–DAWLEY RATS FOLLOWING ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF PREPARATIONS CONTAINING BISMUTH SUCROSE OCTASULFATE,BISMUTH SUBSALICYLATE,AND BISMUTH SUBCITRATE

The absorption of bismuth from De-Nol (bismuth subcitrate, DN), Pepto-Bismol (bismuth subsalicylate, PB) and bismuth sucrose octasulfate (BISOS) was examined in male Sprague–Dawley rats after a single oral dose of each compound (60 mg bismuth). Bismuth was analysed in blood, urine, kidney, brain, liver, and lung using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Bismuth C_max averaged 18·4±11·6 ng mL⁻¹ for BISOS, 292±130 ng mL⁻¹ for DN, and 21·5±9·63 ng mL⁻¹ for PB. C_max was significantly lower for BISOS compared to DN (p <0·05) but not significantly different for BISOS compared to PB (p >0·05). Bismuth AUC was 1356±474 ng h⁻¹ mL⁻¹ for BISOS, 2129−452 ng h⁻¹ mL⁻¹ for DN, and 1824−919 ng h⁻¹ mL⁻¹ for PB, which indicated a lower extent of absorption from BISOS compared to DN. Kidney, liver, and lung levels of bismuth were also significantly lower for BISOS compared to DN (p <0·05). Bismuth urinary excretion was significantly lower for BISOS (0·04±0·02%) compared to DN (0·27±0·15%) but not significantly different compared to PB (0·07±·03%). These data suggest that the absorption of bismuth following oral administration of bismuth sucrose octasulfate is significantly lower than that from De-Nol and similar to that from Pepto-Bismol. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

疫苗制品中蔗糖组分质控方法的研究

 目的 研究对比疫苗中蔗糖检验的3种仪器分析方法。方法 建立了基于比旋度、高效液相色谱-示差折光检测法和离子色谱-积分脉冲安培检测法对疫苗制品中蔗糖进行质控分析的方法。结果 在选定的分析条件下,比旋度、高效液相色谱-示差折光检测法和离子色谱-积分脉冲安培检测法均能准确给出疫苗制品中蔗糖的含量。结论 比旋度分析在没有背景干扰的情况下简单易行,高效液相色谱-示差折光检测法和离子色谱-积分脉冲安培检测法则具有更强的专属性及更高的准确度。     

Possible mechanism of the antidepressant effect of 3,6'-disinapoyl sucrose from Polygala tenuifolia Willd

Objective The present study was designed to observe the effects of 3,6′‐disinapoyl sucrose (DISS), an active oligosaccharide ester component obtained from the roots of Polygala tenuifolia Willd., on behavioral and biochemical aspects of depression induced by chronic mild stress (CMS) in rats. It is the first exploration of the possible association between DISS's antidepressant‐like effects and biochemical markers of depression, and involved measuring monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity, cortisol levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Methods Rats were exposed to stressor once daily for consecutive 5 weeks. DISS and a positive control drug, fluoxetine, were administered via gastric intubation to once daily for consecutive 3 weeks from the third week. Key findings The results showed that rats subjected to CMS exhibit a reduction in sucrose intake. Conversely, brain MAO‐A and MAO‐B activity, plasma cortisol levels, and MDA levels were increased, while SOD activity was decreased following CMS exposures. DISS significantly inhibited MAO‐A and MAO‐B activity and blocked plasma elevated cortisol level, an indicator of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. In addition, DISS increases SOD activity, inhibits lipid peroxidation, and lessens production of MDA. Conclusion These results suggest that DISS may possess potent and rapid antidepressant properties, which are mediated via MAO, the HPA axis and oxidative systems. These antidepressant actions make DISS a potentially valuable drug for the treatment of depression.     

杠柳细胞悬浮培养体系中蔗糖浓度与氮源的考察

 目的 考察MS培养基中蔗糖浓度和氨态氮与硝态氮的比例（NH⁺₄∶NO^-₃以及初始总氮量对杠柳悬浮细胞生长和杠柳毒苷与4-甲氧基水杨醛积累的影响。方法 以3%蔗糖浓度为对照,设置1%、2%、4%、5%浓度梯度;设置NH⁺₄-NO^-₃分别为0∶1、1∶0、2∶1、1∶1、1∶2共5个处理;总氮含量以MS基本培养基（总氮含量60 mmol·L^-1为对照,实验组总氮含量分别为对照组的1/4、1/2和2倍。结果 4%的蔗糖最有利于杠柳细胞生长,5%的蔗糖有助于杠柳毒苷的合成,3%的蔗糖有利于4-甲氧基水杨醛的合成,4%的蔗糖最有利于杠柳毒苷和4-甲氧基水杨醛产量的提高。NH⁺₄-NO^-₃ 为1∶2有助于细胞生长和杠柳毒苷和4-甲氧基水杨醛的合成。总氮含量为N（60 mmol·L^-1时细胞生长最好;总氮含量为1/2N（30 mmol·L^-1时杠柳毒苷和4-甲氧基水杨醛含量最高,且产量也最高。结论 蔗糖浓度、氮源中氨态氮与硝态氮比例以及总氮含量的改变均可显著影响杠柳细胞生长和杠柳毒苷与4-甲氧基水杨醛的积累。     

Comparison of parenteral iron sucrose and ferric chloride during erythropoietin therapy of haemodialysis patients

Aim:   To compare the effects of i.v. iron sucrose and Fe chloride on the iron indices of haemodialysis patients with anaemia.
Methods:   One hundred and eight haemodialysis patients receiving recombinant human erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) (mean age 59.37 years) were enrolled and randomly assigned to an iron sucrose or an Fe chloride group. Iron supplements were administered at 100 mg/week during the first 4 weeks (loading dose). Ferritin and transferrin saturation (TSAT) were then measured and dose adjusted. Ninety-eight subjects completed treatment; 51 in the iron sucrose group and 47 in the Fe chloride group. Ferritin, TSAT, haematocrit (Hct), reticulocyte count, serum albumin, fractional clearance of urea (Kt/V) and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) were measured.
Results:   There was no significant difference in baseline characteristics between the groups. Significant differences between the groups were observed in both iron indices and ESA dosage. Hct at week 24 (31.1% vs 29.7%, P  = 0.006) and ferritin at week 20 (731.3 vs 631.7 ng/mL, P  = 0.006) in the iron sucrose group were significantly higher than in the Fe chloride group. ESA dosage used in the iron sucrose group at week 8 was significantly lower than in the Fe chloride group (244.9 vs 322.6 U/kg per month, P  = 0.003), and iron sucrose group received significantly lower iron dose than the Fe chloride group at week 8 ( P  = 0.005).
Conclusion:   Although the differences in ESA dosage, ferritin and iron dosage between two groups were found during the study period while similar results were shown at the end of 24 week study. Thus, iron sucrose and Fe chloride are safe and work equally well for haemodialysis patients.     

Behavioral and [F-18] fluorodeoxyglucose micro positron emission tomography imaging study in a rat chronic mild stress model of depression

We investigated changes in behavior and brain glucose metabolism in a rat chronic mild stress (CMS) model of depression. The CMS model has been used to mimic depression in humans by using various chronic mild stressors in a 4 weeks period. In the present study, we have developed a combination of tests examining behavior (open field test) and hedonic measure (sucrose preference test) after exposure to CMS, and compared this to control non-stressed rats. We found that CMS induced behavioral changes, including decreased central and rearing activity, increased grooming and defecation, reduced body weight, and reduced relative sucrose intake. Moreover, our study suggests that CMS administered for 4 weeks activated left auditory cortex, while left piriform cortex, left inferior colliculus, septal nuclei and periaqueductal gray were deactivated. These changes in region of interest are left–right asymmetrical and lateralized in the left hemisphere. And activity deficits of depression are related with changes of brain activity in all brain regions showing significant changes by CMS in glucose metabolism. There are significant correlations for relative sucrose intake in left piriform cortex, left inferior colliculus and left auditory cortex, and for anxiety-related behavioral measures in septal nuclei and periaqueductal gray. There are lack of significant effects in the mean glucose metabolism of both hemispheres in hippocampus and amygdala induced by CMS possibly because of various reasons. Changes in glucose metabolism support the view that these significant brain regions are involved in chronic stress and depressive mood regulation. The results of this study might contribute to the awareness of changes in behavior and brain activity of depression induced by CMS.     

Artificial rearing alters the response of rats to natural and drug-mediated rewards

Artificial rearing (AR) of infant rats permits precise control over key features of the early environment without maternal influence. The present study examined the behavioral response of AR rats towards natural and drug-mediated rewards, as well as their exploratory and affective behaviors. Adolescent AR rats showed increased preference for sucrose consumption relative to chow and demonstrated greater activity in the open field and in the elevated plus-maze compared to maternally reared (MR) rats. With respect to measures of emotionality, AR rats showed enhanced avoidance of the open arms of the plus-maze, indicating increased anxiety, but they did not differ from MR rats in exploring the center of the open field. Adult AR rats displayed a stronger conditioned response to morphine in a place preference test. These findings support the potential of the AR model to contribute to understanding the role of early experience in the development of behavioral motivation.