可逆性胼胝体压部病变综合征的临床研究进展

可逆性胼胝体压部病变综合征是一种急性单病程的非特异性脑炎/脑病综合征,颅脑MRI显示以胼胝体压部为主的可逆性椭圆形病灶,临床表现多较轻微,可仅表现发热、头痛、呕吐等非典型症状,但也可出现脑实质损害,表现为意识障碍、谵妄、抽搐、共济失调及眩晕,病因与发病机制尚不完全清楚,病程为自限性,短期内可完全恢复,需与累及胼胝体的急性播散性脑脊髓炎等相鉴别,预后良好。     

可逆性胼胝体压部病变综合征MRI表现

目的探讨可逆性胼胝体压部病变综合征(RESLES)磁共振成像(MRI)影像特征。方法回顾性选取我院2017年1月至2019年6月经临床及MRI影像确诊的11例RESLES患者,分析其病因、临床表现、MRI影像学表现、治疗及预后。结果11例患者的病因不同,8例为感染,其中1例合并低钠血症,另外3例为低血糖脑病。9例患者MRI表现为孤立的胼胝体压部(SCC)异常信号,呈斑片状、圆形或椭圆形,居中且对称性分布,T₁WI呈等或稍低信号,T₂WI呈稍高信号,T₂FLAIR呈稍高信号,DWI呈高信号,ADC图呈低信号。1例患者为SCC异常信号合并双侧内囊后肢对称性异常信号。1例患者为SCC异常信号合并左侧颞叶异常信号。复查MRI,11例患者SCC异常信号均完全消失。结论RESLES病因多,临床表现复杂,MRI影像具有特征性,DWI表现为SCC高信号,居中且对称性分布,伴或不伴胼胝体以外的异常信号,呈可逆性消失。MRI能客观的反映病灶的特点,对RESLES诊断、鉴别诊断及预后判断有很重要的临床价值。     

Transient lesions of the splenium of the corpus callosum following rapid withdrawal of levetiracetam

Transient lesions of the splenium of the corpus callosum are characterized by MRI findings. The lesions are very rare, but significant from a clinical standpoint as differential diagnoses include serious conditions such as encephalitis, meningitis, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. In addition, it is reported that some are attributed to the withdrawal of antiepileptic drugs. Here, we present a case of transient lesions of the splenium of the corpus callosum following rapid withdrawal of levetiracetam alone. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of such a case. Moreover, it is reported that cases of incidental transient lesions of the splenium of the corpus callosum are detected in Japan more often than in other countries, and as a result are prone to over‐triage. Taking this into consideration, in the event of transient lesions of the splenium of the corpus callosum, the utmost attention must be paid to clinical symptoms and history relating to any of the aforementioned serious conditions.     

胼胝体压部神经通路在文字、物体与面孔加工中的作用

目的:揭示胼胝体压部神经通路在文字、物体与面孔加工中的作用。方法:利用一系列认知神经心理学方法,对1例(KY)胼胝体压部合并左腹内侧枕颞区梗死患者进行自然视野和左右分视野速视呈现及注视中央点速视呈现汉字、拼音的朗读检测;对自然视野呈现的物体和名人面孔和对注视中央点速视的Chimeric物体图片进行命名;对Chimeric面孔(半男半女)进行性别判断;并利用弥散张量纤维束示踪技术(DTT)确定胼胝体压部纤维束受损情况。同时与1例(CYH)仅左腹内侧枕颞区梗死但不合并胼胝体压部损伤、接受类似检查的患者对照。结果:KY对于自然视野、注视中央点速视呈现的汉字、拼音均出现左半错读;对左右分视野速视的汉字、拼音出现左视野失读;对于自然视野呈现的物体和名人面孔出现部分失认;对于注视中央点速视的Chimeric物体和面孔图片以左半为主进行命名和判断,并且未辨认出为Chimeric图片。DTT显示通过胼胝体压部的枕大钳纤维束通路几乎完全中断。CYH的汉字朗读、物体及面孔识别均正常,能够分辨出Chimeric图片。结论:胼胝体压部神经通路在左/右枕(右/左视野)的文字、物体与面孔视觉信息的传递及视觉整合的过程中起到必要的作用。     

White matter lateralization and interhemispheric coherence to auditory modulations in normal reading and dyslexic adults

Neural activation of slow acoustic variations that are important for syllable identification is more lateralized to the right hemisphere than activation of fast acoustic changes that are important for phoneme identification. It has been suggested that this complementary function at different hemispheres is rooted in a different degree of white matter myelination in the left versus right hemisphere.     

Pure Topographical Disorientation Following a Right Forceps Major of the Splenium Lesion: A Case Study

A 72-year-old man with pure topographical disorientation following a focal hemorrhage in the right forceps major of splenium was assessed at 2 weeks and 3 months after the onset. Initially, he could identify familiar buildings and landmarks, but noted topographical disorientation, dysfunction in sense of quarters, and in visuo-spatial function. The improvement of topographical disorientation was attained in 3 months, while the inability of the sense of quarters and manipulating visuo-spatial information remained unchanged. These results suggested the heading disorientation was accompanied with impaired sense of quarters, although disabled sense of quarters continued beyond the recovery of heading disorientation.     

107例伴有胼胝体压部可逆性病灶的临床症状轻微的脑炎／脑病临床分析

目的探讨伴有胼胝体压部可逆性病灶的临床症状轻微的脑炎／脑病（MERS）的病因、临床特点、实验室检查、磁共振影像学特征、脑电图特点、治疗、预后及发病机制。方法通过检索中国期刊全文数据库、中国科技期刊万方数据库、Pubmed及Web of science,以2003年11月-2013年11月为限,共检索到中文文献5篇（12例）,英文文献29篇（94例）,结合温州医科大学附属第一医院神经内科诊治1例,对共107例伴有胼胝体压部可逆性病灶的临床症状轻微的脑炎／脑病患者的临床资料进行回顾性综合分析。结果本病以日本儿童多见（88／107）,病因多种多样,以流感病毒A／B（20／107）、轮状病毒（4／107）、腺病毒（4／107）感染多见,患者表现为发热、头痛、呕吐、行为异常、谵妄、短暂性意识障碍及痫性发作,可出现低钠血症（37／107）,头颅MRI检查发现孤立的胼胝体压部有可逆性的T2、FLAIR及DWI高信号病灶,部分病例可出现胼胝体外部位DWI高信号病灶,脑电图检查46例患者出现慢波,经抗病毒、抗菌或激素、对症治疗,大多数患者1周内临床症状完全缓解。结论伴有胼胝体压部可逆性病灶的临床症状轻微的脑炎／脑病以头颅MRI上发现胼胝体压部可逆性孤立病灶为特点,无增强效应,病灶在短时间消失,临床症状轻微,预后良好,其发病机制尚不清楚。     

Magnetic resonance imaging of a transient splenial lesion of the corpus callosum resolved within a week

The transient splenial lesion (TSL) of the corpus callosum (CC) is an uncommon radiologic finding incidentally detected on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).It was first observed in epileptic patients and ever since it has been described in varied neurologic conditions but its etiology is still little known. Slow disappearance of signal abnormalities in the CC mainly occurs after some weeks or months and then TSL carries a good prognosis making unnecessary invasive therapies and procedures. We report a case of an isolated TSL of CC in a patient suffering from psychotic and hormonal disorders, which spontaneously resolved within only one week.