改进虎杖、鸡血藤炮制方法的研究

对虎杖、鸡血藤作了切制、干燥时间和成品、主要成分及水浸出物的比较。结果表明,趁鲜切片优于传统切块、再切片,既能提高饮片的规格质量和成分含量,亦能减少重复劳动,节约能源,避免药材的浪费。     

Short-term indomethacin administration does not impair excretion of acute potassium load in humans

Maintenance treatment with prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors often causes some degree of hyperkalemia, indicating impaired potassium (K) excretion. Hypoaldosteronism probably is a mediating factor, but it is unknown whether these drugs also impair renal K excretion directly. Indomethacin, for example, stimulates NaCl reabsorption in Henle's loop, and thus may impair K excretion by decreasing distal NaCl delivery. We therefore studied the effect of 1 day administration of indomethacin (50 mg tid) on the excretion of a single oral KCl (1 mmol kg-1 body weight) in six healthy volunteers taking a 40 mmol sodium diet. To allow analysis of renal sodium handling, clearance studies were performed during water loading. In this acute setting, indomethacin had no effect on plasma K, and did not decrease plasma aldosterone. However, indomethacin clearly reduced NaCl excretion. Nonetheless, the excretion of the K load was entirely normal. Excretion of the K load was accompanied by increased clearance of phosphate and uric acid, and natriuresis. Data derived from the maximal free water clearance were compatible with increased delivery to and decreased reabsorption from the diluting segment. Occurrence of these effects was not prevented by indomethacin, although overall NaCl excretion remained less than observed without indomethacin. Indomethacin reduced prostaglandin E2 excretion substantially. Apparently, in normal man indomethacin does not impair K excretion directly, even though it greatly reduces NaCl excretion. Moreover, the effects of K on renal NaCl handling, probably contributing to the excretion of a K load, are not dependent on renal prostaglandins.     

我省流通领域阿莫西林制剂质量现状

目的:了解流通领域中阿莫西林制剂的质量状况。方法:在全省各市县的部分医药经营企业,抽取阿莫西林胶囊及干糖浆共54批样品,按国家药品标准进行全检后,对其检验结果进行统计分析。结果:不合格的项目有含量、胶囊剂溶出度、干糖浆粒度。该药物制剂的标示百分含量普遍偏低。结论:影响该产品质量的主要项目是含量和溶出度,含量偏低的主要原因是厂家的低限投料,应予以充分重视。     

尼莫地平片溶出度的研究

采用转篮法对尼莫地平国产市售片，进口片和自制片在不同介质、不同转速和ＰＨ条件下的溶出度进行测试。结果表明，介质对尼莫地平溶出具有很大的影响，而最佳测定方法是以０．１％的十二烷基硫酸钠水溶液为介质，转速１５０ｒ／ｍｉｎ。     

Sodium Valproate-lnduced Cardiovascular Abnormalities in the JchlCR Mouse Fetus

Sodium valproate was administered to Jcl:ICR mice in order to evaluate teratogenicity in the cardiovascular system. A single dose of 600mg/kg of sodium valproate was injected intraperitoneally on gestational day 6, 7, 8 or 9. On day 18 of gestation, dams were laparotomized to observe incidence and type of cardiovascular abnormality in live fetuses. Cardiovascular abnormalities were found most frequently in the group treated on day 7, being recognized in 86% of litters (19/22) and in 29% of live fetuses (70/238). Among these, there were 28 cases of transposition of the great arteries, 13 of double outlet right ventricle, 11 of endocardial cushion defect, 9 of ventricular septal defect, 5 of tricuspid atresia, and 4 of hypoplastic left heart syndrome.     

川芎素对大鼠脑缺血再灌注时突触后致密物质-95活性的影响

应用神经行为学评估、脑梗死容积测量和Western blot分析,探讨研究阿魏酸钠(SF)的神经保护作用及其对局灶性脑缺血损伤时突轴后致密物质-95(PSD-95)活性的影响,证实SF明显改善再灌注24 h神经功能缺陷和减少脑梗死容积,显著增强再灌注后PSD-95表达,表明SF可能通过加强PSD-95活性来改善缺血性损伤.     

离子色谱法测定硫酸软骨素的含量

建立了用离子色谱法测定硫酸软骨素的方法。在６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ盐酸介质中将硫酸软骨素水解生成等摩尔的硫酸根离子，然后用ＡｎｉｏｎＨＣ离子色谱柱进行分离，以硼酸钠／葡萄糖酸钠淋洗液为流动相，流速１．５ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ，电导检测器检测。硫酸根离子在０．００１～０．０８０ｍｇ／ｍｌ浓度范围内线性关系良好，相关系数为０．９９９４，最低检测浓度为０．０００６ｍｇ／ｍｌ。样品中硫酸根离子的加样回收率为９８．５１％～９９．５２％，硫酸软骨素原料药和注射液及鲨鱼软骨粉胶囊中硫酸软骨素测定的相对标准偏差分别为０．２５％，１．０６％和１．９６％。该方法已应用于多种硫酸软骨素制剂中硫酸软骨素的含量测定     

Low sodium haemodialysis reduces interdialytic fluid consumption but paradoxically increases post-dialysis thirst.

BACKGROUND: Interdialytic weight gain (IDWG) can be reduced by lowering the dialysate sodium concentration ([Na]) in haemodialysis patients. It has been assumed that this is because thirst is reduced, although this has been difficult to prove. We compared thirst patterns in stable haemodialysis patients with high and low IDWG using a novel technique and compared the effect of low sodium dialysis (LSD) with normal sodium dialysis (NSD). METHODS: Eight patients with initial high IDWG and seven with low IDWG completed hourly visual analogue ratings of thirst using a modified palmtop computer during the dialysis day and the interdialytic day. The dialysate [Na] was progressively reduced by up to 5 mmol/l over five treatments. Dialysis continued at the lowest attained [Na] for 2 weeks and the measurements were repeated. The dialysate [Na] then returned to baseline and the process was repeated. RESULTS: Baseline interdialytic day mean thirst was higher than the dialysis day mean for the high IDWG group (49.9+/-14.0 vs 36.2+/-16.6) and higher than the low weight gain group (49.9+/-14.0 vs 34.1+/-14.6). This trend persisted on LSD, but there was a pronounced increase in post-dialysis thirst scores for both groups (high IDWG: 46+/-13 vs 30+/-21; low IDWG: 48+/-24 vs 33+/-18). The high IDWG group demonstrated lower IDWG during LSD than NSD (2.23+/-0.98 vs 2.86+/-0.38 kg; P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that patients with high IDWG experience more intense feelings of thirst on the interdialytic day. LSD reduces their IDWG, but paradoxically increases thirst in the immediate post-dialysis period.     

原钒酸钠对Ⅱ型糖尿病的降糖作用研究

目的　观察原钒酸钠对Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠的降糖作用。方法　用高脂饲料灌胃正常大鼠 ,引起肥胖 ,测定血中游离脂肪酸浓度。同时应用正糖钳技术检测胰岛素抗性 ,对产生胰岛素抵抗的大鼠腹腔注射小剂量链脲菌素 (5 5mg·kg-1) ,然后筛选空腹血糖值大于 11 1mmol·L-1大鼠为糖尿病模型组。连续灌胃原钒酸钠 7d后 ,测定空腹血糖值。结果　①大鼠喂食高脂饲料后 ,正糖钳实验中维持血糖稳态所需胰岛素量增多 ,为 (0 5 4± 0 0 2 )U·min-1,高于正常组 (P <0 0 1) ;同时血中游离脂肪酸浓度增加 ,从正常 (0 4 6 9±0 0 4 7)mmol·L-1至 (1 5 32± 0 2 91)mmol·L-1(P <0 0 1) ;②原钒酸钠对正常大鼠的血糖值无影响 ,而对Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠的空腹血糖值及糖耐量曲线下面积有降低作用 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　实验结果证明了原钒酸钠可以明显降低Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠的空腹血糖值 ,并且对糖耐量具有保护作用     

几种评价保湿产品无创性测试方法的相关性评价

目的:对测量皮肤角质层含水量和屏障功能的几种无创性皮肤测试方法进行相关性评价。方法:采用SKICON-200测定皮肤电导法、皮肤保水功能测定、TEWL测定、受试者主观评价的方法,比较某种保湿霜/精华素使用前、后皮肤角质层含水量和屏障功能的变化,并分析这些方法之间的相关性。结果:保湿霜的效果优于精华素,SKICON-200测定皮肤电导法、皮肤保水功能测定以及部分受试者临床症状和主观评价指标(如红斑、脱屑情况,皮肤滋润度的改善、皮肤细纹数量变化和皮肤弹性改善)有很好的平行关系。TEWL结果在本试验中变化不大,与上述指标没有平行关系。结论:SKICON-200测定皮肤电导法、皮肤保水功能测定适合用于保湿化妆品的功效评价。TEWL测定对于屏障功能受损的皮肤可能更敏感,对于健康皮肤使用前、后比较可作为参考指标。