鱼腥草抗炎药理作用机制的研究进展

鱼腥草为传统的清热解毒中药,临床应用多年,被卫生部列为药食两用、极具开发潜力的资源。药理研究表明,鱼腥草在炎症性疾病方面表现出较好的疗效。综述国内外关于鱼腥草抗炎的药理作用机制的研究进展,并分析了今后研究的方向和思路,为研究与开发以鱼腥草为原料的抗炎新药提供参考。     

Protective effects of Terminalia arjuna against Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity

Terminalia arjuna has been marked as a potential cardioprotective agent since vedic period. The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of butanolic fraction of Terminalia arjuna bark (TA-05) on Doxorubicin (Dox)-induced cardiotoxicity. Male wistar rats were used as in vivo model for the study. TA-05 was administered orally to Wistar rats at different doses (0.42 mg/kg, 0.85 mg/kg, 1.7 mg/kg, 3.4 mg/kg and 6.8 mg/kg) for 6 days/week for 4 weeks. Thereafter, all the animals except saline and TA-05-treated controls were administered 20 mg/kg Dox intraperitonially. There was a significant decrease in myocardial superoxide dismutase (38.94%) and reduced glutathione (23.84%) in animals treated with Dox. Concurrently marked increase in serum creatine kinase-MB (CKMB) activity (48.11%) as well as increase in extent of lipid peroxidation (2.55-fold) was reported. Co-treatment of TA-05 and Dox resulted in an increase in the cardiac antioxidant enzymes, decrease in serum CKMB levels and reduction in lipid peroxidation as compared to Dox-treated animals. Electron microscopic studies in Dox-treated animals revealed mitochondrial swelling, Z-band disarray, focal dilatation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and lipid inclusions, whereas the concurrent administration of TA-05 led to a lesser degree of Dox-induced histological alterations. These findings suggest that butanolic fraction of Terminalia arjuna bark has protective effects against Dox-induced cardiotoxicity and may have potential as a cardioprotective agent.     

帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛对髋关节置换术患者IL-6和TNF-α的影响

目的：探讨帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛对髋关节置换术后患者炎症细胞因子的影响,并进一步观察术后镇痛效果。方法本组患者60例,年龄40~65岁,ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级,择期在全麻下行髋关节置换术。随机分成观察组和对照组,每组30例。麻醉前20 min观察组静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40 mg（用生理盐水稀释成4 mL）,对照组静脉注射生理盐水4 mL。分别于静推帕瑞昔布钠或生理盐水前10 min（T1）、术毕（T2）、术后6 h（T3）、术后12 h（T4）、术后24 h（T5）采上肢静脉血样,测定IL-6、TNF-α的血浆浓度。采用视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评价术毕即刻、术后2 h、6 h、12 h、24 h镇痛效果。结果患者血浆IL-6浓度于T3、T4、T5时点较术前显著升高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;观察组血浆IL-6浓度于T3、T4、T5时点比对照组显著降低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。患者血浆TNF-α浓度于T4、T5时点较术前显著升高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;观察组血浆TNF-α浓度在T4、T5时间点比对照组显著降低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。观察组患者在术毕即刻、术后2 h、6 h、12 h VAS评分均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛可有效缓解全髋关节置换术患者术后疼痛,抑制炎性介质释放,降低神经系统敏感性,利于患者术后康复。     

BERH-2肝癌大鼠红细胞膜K~+依赖性磷酸酶的活性

BERH-2肝癌大鼠红细胞膜K~+依赖性磷酸酶活性与正常大鼠无显著差异。但是,K~+对酶的变构激活及F~-对酶的变构抑制却差别显著,其Hill系数不同于正常大鼠。此差别在0.10mg/ml Triton X-100存在时消失,因此,Hill系数的差异可能由于BERH-2肝癌大鼠红细胞膜中脂质成分与正常的不同所致。     

摄入超量焦亚硫酸钠对小鼠肾脏显微结构的影响

目的研究超量焦亚硫酸钠摄入对小鼠肾显微结构的影响,探讨焦亚硫酸钠对小鼠的毒性作用。方法健康雄性昆明属小鼠,随机分对照组和实验组,对照组小鼠喂食自来水,实验组小鼠代以1%焦亚硫酸钠溶液喂食。10 d后,处死小鼠,取出肾,常规石蜡制片染色,光镜观察。结果实验组小鼠肾组织中,近曲小管细胞的胞质呈水样变性。结论1%焦亚硫酸钠对小鼠肾脏有毒性作用。     

巯基化合物对毒鼠强急性中毒小鼠的保护作用

目的：探讨巯基化合物对毒鼠强急性中毒小鼠的解毒作用。方法：通过小鼠急性毒性实验,观察多种巯基化合物的解毒作用。结果：巯基化合物能不同程度地延长毒鼠强中毒小鼠的惊厥潜伏期及死亡时间,二巯丙磺纳及二巯丁二纳还可明显降低中毒小鼠死亡率。结论：二巯丙磺纳和二巯丁二钠对毒鼠强中毒小鼠有明显的保护作用,尤以二巯丙磺钠为最佳（Ｐ〈０．００１）。     

硫代硫酸钠治疗慢性肾脏病患者血管钙化临床应用进展

近年来,慢性肾脏病(CKD)作为世界范围内主要的公共卫生问题受到越来越多的关注.慢性肾脏病矿物质和骨异常(CKD-MBD)是由于CKD的矿物质及骨代谢异常综合征所致,严重地影响了 CKD患者的生存率和生活质量.血管钙化是CKD-MBD的临床表现之一,其包括:动脉内膜钙化、中膜钙化、心脏瓣膜钙化和钙化防御.目前临床上还未...     

双醋瑞因与玻璃酸钠关节腔内注射治疗膝关节骨关节炎疗效观察

目的探讨双醋瑞因与玻璃酸钠关节腔内注射治疗膝关节骨关节炎（OA）的疗效。方法选取门诊及住院膝关节OA患者120例，随机分为双醋瑞因组和玻璃酸钠组，应用平均WOMAC关节炎指数评分和平均OA严重程度指数来评定2组用药前后临床症状改善情况以及关节磁共振成像（MRI）检测关节软骨结构与功能的改变情况，并作统计学分析。结果平均WOMAC关节炎指数和平均OA严重程度指数评分变化，玻璃酸钠组治疗后3，6个月较双醋瑞因组改善明显（P均〈0．01）；治疗后12个月持续下降，但以玻璃酸钠组为甚，2组间比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05），且2组与治疗前比较均有显著性差异（P均〈0．01）；治疗6个月后，玻璃酸钠组与双醋瑞因组较治疗前软骨磨损出现明显好转与减少（P均〈0．01），2组间无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论双醋瑞因与玻璃酸钠关节腔内注射均为治疗膝关节OA有效手段，玻璃酸钠较双醋瑞因改善症状明显，远期疗效改善软骨磨损无差异。     

Dietary Patterns of 479 Indonesian Adults and Their Associations with Sodium and Potassium Intakes Estimated by Two 24-h Urine Collections

The excess sodium (Na) intake and insufficient potassium (K) intake are frequently observed all over the world, including Indonesia. This study explored the dietary patterns of Indonesian people and evaluated their associations with Na and K intakes. Na and K intakes were assessed by repeated 24-h urine collection. The dietary patterns of the previous month were extracted by factor analysis using the Indonesian Food Frequency Questionnaire. The participants were community-dwelling Indonesian men and women (n = 479) aged 20 years and over. We identified four dietary patterns in each sex. After controlling for confounding factors, the high quantile of ‘Noodle, oil, and salty sea products’ pattern was associated with the high Na intake in both men and women (p = 0.02 and <0.001, respectively). The ‘Meat, vegetable, oil, and fruit’ pattern statistically significantly contributed to the high K intake in men (p = 0.04), but not in women (p = 0.26). The ‘Vegetable, non-oil, and milk’ pattern in men and ‘Meat, vegetable, and fruit’ pattern in women were associated with low Na:K ratios (p = 0.03 and 0.01, respectively). Neither ‘bread’ nor ‘fish’ appeared as a major determinant of any dietary patterns in this population. The ‘Noodle, oil, and salty sea products’ pattern should be avoided to reduce sodium intake.     

乳酸左氧氟沙星氯化钠注射液细菌内毒素检测中显色基质法的研究

目的：建立一种快速检测乳酸左氧氟沙星氯化钠注射液内细菌内毒素的方法。方法：使用显色基质鲎试剂对不同批号的乳酸左氧氟沙星氯化钠注射液分别进行干扰试验,考察确立乳酸左氧氟沙星氯化钠注射液内毒素定量检查法。结果：表明标准曲线的线性相关系数r≥0.98,乳酸左氧氟沙星在2mg/ml浓度无干扰作用。结论：显色基质法具有灵敏、快速、能定量、重复性好的特点,可用于乳酸左氧氟沙星氯化钠注射液细菌内毒素含量的检测。