Drug-protein binding kinetics in patients with Type I diabetes

Summary Sera from 17 patients with Type I diabetes and 19 healthy volunteers have been examined to evaluate whether the kinetics of the binding of drugs to Site II of serum albumin is altered in diabetes. Stopped-flow measurements showed that the association velocity and the affinity constants of the fluorescent marker dansylsarcosine were significantly lower in diabetics (160 s^–1 and 2.0 × 10⁵ l·mol^–1) than in non-diabetics (196s^–1 and 4.0 × 10⁵ l·mol^–1). The dissociation velocity was not different [20.3 s^–1 vs. 19.4 s^–1]. Although patients with a reduced albumin concentration were excluded the diabetics had significantly lower concentrations than the healthy volunteers. There was a significant correlation between decreased glycosylation of albumin and increased association velocity. The dissociation velocity constants were correlated with the molar concentration ratio of free fatty acids/human serum albumin. Thus, the extent of glycosylation and the amount of fatty acids bound per mole albumin can both affect the kinetics of drug binding to Site II. The lower affinity in patients with Type I diabetes is due to the increased in the glycoalbumin concentration.     

Influence of complement on sperm motility

Isolated sperm from normo-, oligo- and astheno-spermic men were incubated for 20 h in medium supplemented with 8% heat-inactivated or untreated human serum, and in medium with heated or untreated serum deficient in complement factor C3. Before and after incubation, sperm motility was assessed by means of a computer-assisted semen analyser. The results did not show significant differences between the motility of sperm incubated in heated or untreated serum. It is concluded that heating of homologous serum is not necessary for preserving sperm motility and in some cases may even be disadvantageous.     

Amadori糖化白蛋白对牛视网膜血管二酯酰甘油--蛋白激酶C级联的影响

目的 :探讨Amadori糖化血清白蛋白对牛视网膜血管二酯酰甘油 (DAG)———蛋白激酶C(PKC)信号级联的影响及d-α-生育酚的干预作用。方法 :体外制备的Amadori糖化的牛血清白蛋白 (AGSA)分别在生理浓度葡萄糖 (5 .5mmol/L)和高浓度葡萄糖 (2 0mmol/L)培养液中作用于新鲜牛视网膜血管。采用薄层层析和放射自显影法测定DAG含量和PKC活性 ;并检测d -α-生育酚预处理后DAG、PKC改变。结果 :在生理葡萄糖浓度下 ,牛视网膜血管暴露于AGSA2 4h或 72h后细胞内DAG含量、PKC活性均较对照组显著增加 ,当AGSA和高葡萄糖同时作用于牛视网膜血管时 ,DAG -PKC级联显著激活 ,分别为正常葡萄糖组的 3.4 7倍和 4 .5 4倍 ;在正常血清培养液中 ,与 5 .5mmol/L的葡萄糖相比 ,2 0mmol/L高糖在 2 4h时并不刺激DAG含量增加 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,而 72h时则较对照组增加 4 5 % ,PKC活性较对照增加 5 6 % ,而d -α -生育酚可逆转上述生化改变。结论 :Amadori糖化血清白蛋白可在生理葡萄糖浓度下刺激DAG -PKC途径活化 ,从而影响血管一系列生理功能 ,而d -α-生育酚对血管生化改变有保护作用。     

人血清中全氟辛烷磺酰基化合物污染现状

目的 了解我国一般人群体内的全氟辛烷磺酰基化合物(PFOS)负荷水平。方法 采用液相色谱／质谱仪联机选择性监测离子法(m／z=499)，测定被调查血清中PFOS浓度。结果 男女血清中PFOS浓度几何均数分别为40．73和45．46μg／L，血清PFOS浓度与年龄无关。结论 我国一般人群体内也存在PFOS污染物，而且血清PFOS浓度高于美国人和日本人水平。     

主动吸入药物烟对大鼠一氧化氮的影响

目的　探讨主动吸入药物烟对大鼠NO的影响。方法　制备大鼠主动吸烟模型 ,采用硝酸还原酶法测定各组大鼠血清、肺、心肌及脑组织的NO含量。结果　非药物烟组大鼠血清、肺、心肌及脑组织中NO含量明显低于非给烟对照组 ,药物烟高、中剂量组NO含量明显高于非药物烟组 ,接近非给烟对照组。结论　吸烟对大鼠血液、肺、心肌及脑组织有不同程度的损伤作用 ,使NO含量降低 ;药物烟具有一定的保护和防止NO含量降低的作用。     

可溶性白细胞介素-2受体与支气管哮喘

支气管哮喘是常见病和多发病，多种细胞因子参与了支气管哮喘的发病过程。发作期支气管哮喘患者血清可溶性白细胞介素—2受体(SIL—2R)水平明显增高。本文就这方面的进展作一综述。     

服用左炔诺孕酮滴丸和妈富隆1年对血压、血糖和血脂的影响

目的：观察第二、三代口服避孕药(COC)对育龄妇女体重指数、血压、血糖和血脂的影响。方法：将自愿服用COC避孕1年的妇女105例随机分为两组，其中54例给予第二代COC(EE／LNG组)，51例给予第三代COC(EE／DG组)。并对研究前后所有病例的体重指数(BMI)、血压、血糖和血脂代谢指标进行比较分析。结果：EE／LNG组：BMI、收缩压、舒张压、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)和载脂蛋白B(ApoB)水平均升高，高密度脂蛋白(HDL)水平下降，血糖、载脂蛋白AI(ApoAI)水平无明显改变。EE／DG组收缩压、TG、HDL水平升高，BMI、舒张压、血糖、TC、LDL、ApoAI和ApoB均未发生显著变化。以上所有测量指标均未超出正常范围。结论：使用1年第二、三代COC对妇女BMI、血压和血脂代谢都有微弱的影响，对空腹血糖无明显影响。第三代COC对妇女BMI、收缩压、舒张压、TG、TC、LDL、HDL水平和ApoB的不利影响小于第二代，更加安全可靠。     

Respiratory tract infections due to different rhinovirus serotypes and the influence of maternal antibodies on the clinical expression of the disease in infants.

Rhinoviruses were isolated from nasopharyngeal secretions of 49 children hospitalized because of severe respiratory tract infection. The isolates were typed using 90 type-specific antisera. No obvious relation between certain serotypes and the severity of illness was found. Serum samples were drawn from all children simultaneously with the nasopharyngeal secretions and screened for the presence of type-specific neutralizing antibodies. Children aged 1 week to 6 months had higher neutralizing antibody titers and revealed a lower degree of morbidity than older children. The decline of neutralizing serum antibodies with increasing age was correlated with a higher incidence of severe disease in those aged 7-12 months. Nevertheless, also in this age group children with mild clinical courses of disease were observed despite a low concentration or an absence of neutralizing serum antibodies. This indicates that not only neutralizing serum antibodies, but other factors also influence the clinical expression of RHV-induced disease.     

广西壮、汉族体重指数与血压、血脂、脂肪肝等相关因素的关系

目的：探讨广西地区人群体重指数（BMI）与血压、血糖、血脂、脂肪肝、心电图异常、性别、民族及其他心脑血管病史等因素的相关性，并比较这些因素在壮族与汉族人群中的差异。方法：对在本院及田阳县、田东县参加体检的1105例壮族与汉族人群询问病史并检查身高、体重、血压、空腹血糖、血脂、肝脏B超、心电图等。结果：在按制其他因素后，汉族人群BMI与脂肪肝、舒张压水平及高血压病史呈密切正相关关系，男性BMI高于女性；壮族人群BMI与脂肪肝、血清甘油三酯浓度及收缩压水平有密切正相关关系，汉族人群的年龄、BMI、血清甘油三酯浓度、胆固醇浓度、收缩压水平、脂肪肝检出率及心电图异常检出率均较壮族人群高。结论：肥胖与脂肪肝、血压、血脂密切相关，且广西汉族人群肥胖、脂肪肝、高血脂、高血压及心电图异常较壮族人群更常见。