Influence of adiposity on cooling efficiency in hyperthermic individuals

This study evaluated the effect of body adiposity on core cooling rates, as measured by decreases in rectal (T (re)), esophageal (T (es)) and aural canal (T (ac)) temperatures, of individuals rendered hyperthermic by dynamic exercise in the heat. Seventeen male participants were divided into two groups; low body fat (LF, 12.9 +/- 1.9%) and high body fat (HF, 22.3 +/- 4.3%). Participants exercised at 65% of their maximal oxygen uptake at an ambient air temperature of 40 degrees C until T (re) increased to 40 degrees C or until volitional fatigue. Following exercise, participants were immersed up to the clavicles in an 8 degrees C circulated water bath until T (re) returned to 37.5 degrees C. No significant differences were found between the LF and HF in the time to reach a T (re) of 39.5 degrees C (P = 0.205), 38.5 degrees C (P = 0.343) and 37.5 degrees C (P = 0.923) during the immersion. Overall cooling rate for T (re) was also similar between groups (0.23 +/- 0.09 degrees C/min (LF) vs. 0.20 +/- 0.09 degrees C/min (HF), P = 0.647) as well as those for T (es) (P = 0.502) and T (ac) (P = 0.940). Furthermore, mean rate of non-evaporative heat loss (702 +/- 217 W/m(2) (LF) vs. 612 +/- 141 W/m(2) (HF), P = 0.239) was not different between groups. These results suggest that a difference of approximately 10% of body adiposity does not affect core cooling rates in active individuals under 25% body fat rendered hyperthermic by exercise.     

Changes in the haemostatic system after thermoneutral and hyperthermic water immersion

Warm water bathing is a popular recreational activity and is frequently used in rehabilitation medicine. Although well tolerated in most cases, there are reports indicating an increased risk of thrombotic events after hot tub bathing. The effects of a 45 min thermoneutral bath followed by a 50 min bath with increasing water temperature (maximum 41°C) until reaching a body core temperature of 39°C on factors of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis were studied in eight healthy male volunteers. Blood was obtained after a 45-min resting period as control and after the thermoneutral and hyperthermic bath as well as after another 45 min recovery period at the end of the study. Hyperthermic immersion (HI) lead to a shortening of activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) (P < 0.05). Fibrinogen concentration decreased immediately after HI (P < 0.05) but increased during recovery (P < 0.05). Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) activity decreased during HI (P < 0.05), D-dimer concentration was not found to change. Thrombocyte count increased (P < 0.05) during HI. The increases in tissue-type plasminogen activator concentration as well as leucocyte count during HI were due to haemoconcentration. Prothrombin time, PAI-activity and granulocyte count decreased during thermoneutral immersion (P < 0.05). Warm water bathing leads to haemoconcentration and minimal activation of coagulation. The PAI-1 activity is decreased. A marked risk for thrombotic or bleeding complications during warm water bathing in healthy males could not be ascertained.     

Comparison of immersion ultrasound and low coherence reflectometry for ocular biometry in cataract patients

AIM: To compare the results of axial length (AL) biometry in cataract eyes by three methods: immersion B-ultrasound (IB) biometry, immersion A-ultrasound (IA) biometry and optical low coherence reflectometry. METHODS: In this prospective observational study of eyes with cataract AL measurements were performed using immersion ultrasound and optical low coherence reflectometry device. The results were evaluated using Bland-Altman analyses. The differences between both methods were assessed using the paired t-test, and its correlation was evaluated by Pearson coefficient. RESULTS: Eighty eyes of 80 patients (39 men and 41 women) for cataract surgery were included in the study. The values of AL could be got from all 80 eyes by IB and IA, the difference of AL measurements between IA and IB was of no statistical significance (P=0.97); the mean difference in AL measurements was -0.031 mm (P=0.26; 95%CI, -0.09 to 0.02); linear regression showed an excellent correlation (r=0.98, P<0.0001). Forty-five of eighty eyes with results of AL measurements, which can be obtained by three methods; the difference of AL measurements was of no statistical significance (IA vs IB, P=0.18; IA vs Lenstar, P=0.51; IB vs Lenstar, P=0.07); linear regression showed an excellent correlation (IA vs IB, r=0.99; IA vs Lenstar, r=0.96; IB vs Lenstar, r=0.96); Bland-Altman analysis also showed good agreement between the two methods [IA vs IB, 95% limits of agreement (LoA), -0.36 to 0.28 mm; IA vs Lenstar, 95% LoA, -0.65 to 0.69 mm; IB vs Lenstar, 95% LoA, -0.55 to 0.68 mm]. CONCLUSION: Measurements with the optical low coherence reflectometry correlated well with IB and IA. In the eyes with serious refractive medium opacity, the measurements of AL could not be achieved or existed deviations when using optical low coherence reflectometry device. Under such circumstances, we should choose IA or IB as the optimization method to obtain measurements, in order to get much more accurate results.     

A PCA–EEMD–CNN–Attention–GRU–Encoder–Decoder Accurate Prediction Model for Key Parameters of Seawater Quality in Zhanjiang Bay

In order to effectively solve the problem of low accuracy of seawater water quality prediction, an optimized water quality parameter prediction model is constructed in this paper. The model first screened the key factors of water quality data with the principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm, then realized the de-noising of the key factors of water quality data with an ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) algorithm, and the data were input into the two-dimensional convolutional neural network (2D-CNN) module to extract features, which were used for training and learning by attention, gated recurrent unit, and an encoder–decoder (attention–GRU–encoder–decoder, attention–GED) integrated module. The trained prediction model was used to predict the content of key parameters of water quality. In this paper, the water quality data of six typical online monitoring stations from 2017 to 2021 were used to verify the proposed model. The experimental results show that, based on short-term series prediction, the root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and decision coefficient (R²) were 0.246, 0.307, and 97.80%, respectively. Based on the long-term series prediction, RMSE, MAPE, and R² were 0.878, 0.594, and 92.23%, respectively, which were all better than the prediction model based on an enhanced clustering algorithm and adam with a radial basis function neural network (ECA–Adam–RBFNN), a prediction model based on a softplus extreme learning machine method with partial least squares and particle swarm optimization (PSO–SELM–PLS), and a wavelet transform-depth Bi–S–SRU (Bi-directional Stacked Simple Recurrent Unit) prediction model. The PCA–EEMD–CNN–attention–GED prediction model not only has high prediction accuracy but can also provide a decision-making basis for the water quality control and management of aquaculture in the waters around Zhanjiang Bay.     

Isolation of Vibrio alginolyticus from seawater aquaria

The seawater bacterium Vibrio alginolyticus was detected in 5 of 20 water samples from seawater aquaria (from 3 of 5 units) and also from the surface of diseased stony corals. A total of 45 isolates were differentiated biochemically, of which 13 isolates (29%) proved to be V. alginolyticus. All those strains produced the virulence factors caseinase and lipase, 11 strains amylase and gelatinase. 7 strains showed lecithinase activity and 2 strains produced hemolysins. All examined strains showed a marked toxicity to vero cells proven by the MTT-bioassay, but no toxicity to plant cells with the saline alga Asteromonas gracilis as model. The isolates were mostly resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics, macrolides and lincomycin. However, they proved to be susceptible to aminoglycoside- and polypeptide-antibiotics as well as to tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, enrofloxacin and sulfamethoxazol-trimethoprim. The possible participation of this bacterium in the bleaching and dying of stony corals is mentioned as well as its role as human pathogen.     

氟离子注入钛表面改性对成骨细胞黏着斑形成的影响

目的探讨氟离子注入纯钛进行表面改性后,钛表面改性层化学组成的变化及其对人成骨细胞样细胞系MG- 63黏着斑形成的影响。方法应用等离子体浸没离子注入装置对钛试件进行氟离子注入,通过X线光电子能谱（XPS）分析研究其表面化学组成和各元素的化学结合价态。将人MG- 63细胞接种于氟离子注入组和纯钛组钛试件表面,用激光共聚焦显微镜观察两组钛试件表面对人MG- 63细胞黏着斑形成的影响。结果XPS全谱图显示氟离子注入后试件由钛、氧、氟和碳元素组成,拟合结果显示钛表面改性层的元素以二氧化钛和三氟化钛的形式存在。MG-63细胞培养6 h后,氟离子注入组钛试件表面的黏着斑形成数量比纯钛组钛试件表面形成得多,二者间差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论氟离子注入可成功地将氟元素引入纯钛表面形成含有二氧化钛和三氟化钛的表面改性层,该层可促进成骨细胞黏附初期黏着斑的形成,提示其具有良好的生物相容性。     

Development of Curriculum Immersions in a Nurse Practitioner Program: Autism Spectrum Disorder as an Exemplar

Nurse practitioner didactic courses are filled with required content and are encouraged to meet new essential standards for population-specific competencies while incorporating evolving contemporary issues. Many programs may ask for guest speakers who are content experts in these specialty lectures. Curriculum immersions are a way to thread themes throughout the coursework as student knowledge and clinical experiences progress. An exemplar of an immersion related to autism spectrum disorder throughout a pediatric nurse practitioner program is reviewed from development to implementation and modeling for future immersions.     

腹部开放性海水浸泡伤损伤控制性手术救治策略

军事武器的发展使高威力精确制导炸弹成为了海战主要杀伤武器,使腹部炸伤成为海战伤高发伤情。同时,武器威力增大使伤员极易发生海水浸泡状况,发生腹部开放性海水浸泡伤。本文将分析腹部开放性海水浸泡伤伤情特点,提出针对此种伤情的损伤控制性手术救治策略,并对该救治策略的未来应用进行展望。     

针对性护理在脑出血患者皮肤浸渍性损害中的应用效果

目的 探讨脑出血患者皮肤浸渍性损害的原因以及针对性护理的有效性。方法 选取我院2021年 1月-2022年11月收治的50例脑出血后皮肤浸渍性损害患者作为研究对象，采用随机数字表法分为对照组及 观察组，每组25例。对照组予以常规护理，观察组予以针对性护理，比较两组护理有效率、护理满意度以 及生活质量评分。结果 观察组护理有效率高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；两组干预后生活 质量各项评分均高于干预前，且观察组高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；观察组护理满意度高 于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；两组浸渍损害原因比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 针对性护理在脑出血患者皮肤浸渍性损害中的护理效果确切，可改善患者生活质量，提高护理满意度，值 得临床应用。     

实习护生工作沉浸体验的潜在类别与生涯适应力的关系

目的 探讨实习护生工作沉浸体验的潜在类别及其与生涯适应力的关系，为护理临床教学提供参考。 方法 使用一般资料问卷、工作沉浸体验量表和大学生生涯适应力量表，以武汉市10所三级甲等综合教学医院的169名实习护生为研究对象进行问卷调查，进行潜在剖面分析。 结果 实习护生工作沉浸体验可分为低水平沉浸组（12.3%）、中低水平沉浸组（55.6%）、中高水平沉浸组（28.4%）与高水平沉浸组（3.6%）4种潜在类别。不同护理专业喜爱程度、月生活费的实习护生在4种不同工作沉浸体验潜在类别上的分布比较，差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）；不同工作沉浸体验剖面的实习护生生涯适应力及其各维度得分差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。 结论 实习护生的工作沉浸体验存在4种潜在类别，且具有人口学差异，实习护生工作沉浸体验的高低影响护理职业生涯适应能力。应针对工作沉浸体验的异质性采取针对性干预措施，帮助实习护生提高工作沉浸体验从而增强生涯适应力。