Effects of electrode gap and electric current on chlorine generation of electrolyzed deep ocean water

Electrolyzed water is a sustainable disinfectant, which can comply with food safety regulations and is environmental friendly. A two-factor central composite design was adopted for studying the effects of electrode gap and electric current on chlorine generation efficiency of electrolyzed deep ocean water. Deep ocean water was electrolyzed in a glass electrolyzing cell equipped with platinum-plated titanium anode and cathode in a constant-current operation mode. Results showed that current density, chlorine concentration, and electrolyte temperature increased with electric current, while electric efficiency decreased with electric current and electrode gap. An electrode gap of less than 11.7 mm, and a low electric current appeared to be a more energy efficient design and operation condition for the electrolysis system.     

根管冲洗液对镍钛锉表面形貌影响研究

目的    研究两种根管冲洗液对镍钛锉表面微观形貌的影响。方法    于2015年7—8月在南京大学化学院进行研究。选取未经冲洗液浸泡的MTwo新锉2根,使用原子力显微镜（AFM）扫描观察,然后将2根锉分别在5.25%NaOCl和17%EDTA溶液中动态浸泡10 min,之后再次使用AFM扫描。通过AFM自带软件分析器械表面粗糙度并生成三维图像,记录并比较冲洗液浸泡前后的MTwo锉平均粗糙度值（Ra）和均方根值（RMS）。结果              5.25%NaOCl溶液浸泡后的MTwo锉,其Ra和RMS值均高于浸泡前的新锉,浸泡前、后差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.05）;17%EDTA溶液浸泡前后的MTwo锉Ra和RMS值比较,则差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。AFM三维图像显示,无论是新锉还是冲洗液浸泡过的锉,其纳米结构上的表面形貌均不规则。结论    AFM是量化分析冲洗液对根管器械表面微观形貌影响较佳的一种方式。5.25%NaOCl溶液浸泡会增加MTwo锉的表面粗糙度,而17%EDTA溶液浸泡未使MTwo锉表面结构产生改变。     

仿生膜用于回收尿液中水的研究

目的 阐述了一种仿生膜在尿液回收水的应用研究.方法 利用聚合物相转换法进行膜的制备,通过高渗透压的可食用提取液进行水回收,利用SIEMENS ADVIA 1800全自动生化分析仪进行钾、钠、氯、钙、镁离子浓度检测及尿素氮、肌酐、胆红素、微生物定量分析检测.结果 与原尿液相比,回收液中有害物质的浓度下降比例分别为:尿素氮82.27％,肌酐97.18％,钾离子96.27％,钠离子94.22％,氯离子94.35％,胆红素66.67％.结论 使用该仿生膜,利用可食用提取液可以从尿中回收水.     

海水浸泡对模拟海训皮肤擦伤大鼠炎症因子的影响

目的观察大鼠模拟海训皮肤擦伤经海水浸泡后炎症因子的变化,探讨医用贴膜对皮肤擦伤的保护作用。方法 40只雄性SD大鼠,分为擦伤未浸泡组(A组),擦伤蒸馏水浸泡组(B组),擦伤海水浸泡组(C组),擦伤贴膜保护海水浸泡组(D组)及无擦伤不浸泡对照组(E组),每组8只。除E组外其余各组均以消毒工业砂纸在大鼠右后肢皮肤进行擦伤处理。A组未予以浸泡处置,B组浸泡于蒸馏水0.5 h,C组浸泡于海水0.5 h,D组擦伤后用医用贴膜敷贴保护创面,海水浸泡0.5 h。A、B、C、D四组分别于擦伤后0.5、6、12、72 h取尾静脉血,E组在0.5 h时取血,用酶联免疫测定(ELISA)方法测定血清IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α含量,比较各组之间的差异,取病变皮肤行病理组织学检查。结果 A、B、C、D四组三种炎症因子水平在0.5、6、12 h时相点均明显高于E组(P<0.01),A、B、C、D四组在72 h时相点无统计学差异(P>0.05);与C组比较,B组的三种因子在12 h时相点均显著降低(P<0.01),D组的IL-1β、TNF-α在12 h时相点也显著降低(P<0.05)。除12 h时相点的IL-6外,B、D两组其他时相点的三种因子水平均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论大鼠皮肤擦伤经海水浸泡后炎症因子水平显著升高,局部炎症加重;医用贴膜敷贴擦伤创面后,炎症因子水平相对降低,局部炎症减轻,医用贴膜有一定的保护作用。     

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目的评估藻酸盐印模浸泡消毒对所灌注超硬石膏模型尺寸精度和表面质量的影响。方法2006年2月至5月于南昌大学附属口腔医院修复科选用2种藻酸盐印模材料(Jeltrate和Heraplast NF)制取原始模型和不锈钢模具的印模,分别用2戊二醛、2.5三氯异氰尿酸、碘伏消毒液对以上2种藻酸盐印模材料浸泡消毒30min,灌注超硬石膏模型。测量原始模型及其所翻制的超硬石膏模型尺寸,计算其偏离原始模型的百分数;测量超硬石膏块表面粗糙度Ra值;用SPSS11.5统计软件进行方差分析和q检验(SNK法)。结果超硬石膏模型的长度和宽度变化率都不超过0.1,绝对数值均小于60μm;在所有样本中仅2.5三氯异氰尿酸浸泡消毒处理组表现为膨胀,其余各组均为收缩。2戊二醛浸泡消毒处理组与未消毒处理组的超硬石膏块的表面光滑程度接近,差别无统计意义;2.5三氯异氰尿酸处理组的表面光洁度最差,粗糙度Ra值最大。结论用2戊二醛、2.5三氯异氰尿酸、碘伏消毒液分别对2种藻酸盐印模(Jeltrate,HeraplastNF)浸泡30min,对模型的尺寸稳定性不会造成影响;藻酸盐印模材料的品牌不同和所用的消毒液的不同对超硬石膏块的表面粗糙度的影响不同,Jeltrate印模材料用2戊二醛或碘伏浸泡消毒均能获得很好的表面光洁度;2.5三氯异氰尿酸浸泡消毒对2种藻酸盐印模材料均会导致表面质量的降低。     

In Vitro Changes in Hardness of Sealed Resilient Lining Materials on Immersion in Various Fluids

Purpose: During clinical use, resilient lining materials undergo changes in hardness that make them ineffective. The aims of this investigation were (1) to determine the effect of a resilient lining sealer on the hardness of four resilient denture liners; and (2) to determine the effect of the sealer on hardness after immersion in various solutions.
Materials and Methods: Two sets of specimens of four resilient liners, Coe-comfort (CC), PermaSoft (PS), Tokuyama soft reline (TK), and Total-Soft (TS), 6-mm diameter by 4-mm thickness, were fabricated. Two coats of Permaseal, a soft reline sealant, were applied to one set of specimens of each material according to manufacturers' instructions. Sealed and unsealed samples were divided into four groups (n = 10). Each group was immersed in one of the following solutions: artificial saliva at 37°C, Efferdent, Efferdent with once daily scrubbing with a soft toothbrush, and 50% ethanol. Shore A hardness numbers were obtained at 0, 1, 3, 7, 30, and 90 days. A two-way ANOVA test was performed using materials (treated and untreated) and immersion solution as independent variables. The percentage change in hardness after the 90-day immersion period was the dependent variable.
Results: The results show that the application of sealant significantly improved the durability of CC, PS, and TS in immersion solutions by maintaining hardness close to preimmersion values or delaying the softening effect of the solutions. The hardness of sealed and unsealed TK showed the significantly ( p < 0.05) lowest change after immersion in the test solutions. Ethanol caused the most severe decrease in hardness of all solutions, followed by saliva. Immersion in Efferdent and daily brushing after immersion in Efferdent showed only a mild effect on the hardness of the soft reline agents.
Conclusion: The use of a sealer can play an important role in the preservation of the hardness of some resilient lining materials.     

几种有效消毒方法对藻酸盐印模精度的影响

目的：比较几种有效的消毒方法对藻酸盐印模精度的影响，以寻求适合临床的消毒方法。方法：制作一个标准下颌牙列金属母模。采用3种有效的消毒方法（1500mg／L的NaClO消毒液浸泡消毒，1500mg／L的NaClO消毒液喷涂消毒及2％戊二醛消毒液浸泡消毒），分别按起效作用时间、起效作用时间延长10min和延长20min共分为9个实验组，每组均制备10个藻酸盐印模进行消毒处理后灌制模型，另外制取10个未消毒的藻酸盐印模作为对照组，用测量显微镜测量模型各标志点的距离，所得数据进行统计分析。结果：①1500mg／L的NaClO消毒液浸泡消毒10～30min对印模精度无明显影响。②1500mg／L的NaClO消毒液喷涂消毒藻酸盐印模45min时，出现统计意义显著的形变（P〈0．05）。③2％戊二醛消毒液浸泡处理50min、60min时，印模出现统计学意义显著的形变（P〈0．05）。结论：不影响藻酸盐印模精度的消毒方法为：1500mg／L的NaClO消毒液浸泡消毒10～30min，1500mg／L的NaClO消毒液喷涂消毒25～35min，2％戊二醛消毒液浸泡处理40min。     

大鼠海水浸泡体温过低症水浴复温的实验研究

目的 观察重度海水浸泡体温过低症大鼠不同热水浴复温成功率和复温曲线特征。方法 取490只雄性SD大鼠（实验前行温度记录器腹腔置入术）,随机分为浸泡组（450只）和对照组（40只）,浸泡大鼠在（15.0±0.2）℃海水中分别浸泡不同时长：2 h（100只）、5 h（150只）、10 h（200只）,每个浸泡时长的存活大鼠均随机分为5个亚组并给予相应的方法复温：被动复温（被动复温组）、37℃热水浴复温0.5 h（37℃主动复温0.5 h组）、37℃热水浴复温1 h（37℃主动复温1 h组）、42℃热水浴复温0.5 h（42℃主动复温0.5 h组）、42℃热水浴复温1 h（42℃主动复温1 h组）;对照组不进行海水浸泡,随机均分为4个亚组,分别给予上述4种不同方法的热水浴复温。计算各组的复温成功率;复温20 h后采集存活大鼠血清检测肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）、丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）水平;取出温度记录器读取动态腹腔温度数据,计算被动复温速度、热水浴复温迟发后降效应。结果 随着浸泡时间的延长,浸泡组大鼠低温海水浸泡存活率下降（P<0.05）,被动复温组及主动复温组的复温成功率均下降（P<0.05）,37℃主动复温1 h组大鼠复温成功率大于或等于其他主动复温组,且大于或等于被动复温组;对照组热水浴后均存活。存活大鼠血清CK-MB、ALT和LDH水平随着浸泡时间延长逐渐升高,主动复温组较对照组均升高（P<0.05）,在浸泡时长相同时,37℃主动复温1 h组的CK-MB、ALT和LDH水平低于其他主动复温组,且低于被动复温组,部分差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。分析复温曲线,被动复温组复温速度随浸泡时间的延长而下降（P<0.05）,且死亡大鼠的复温速度低于存活大鼠（P<0.05）;热水浴复温大鼠腹腔温度可出现迟发后降效应,迟发后降总效应越大,死亡率越高;对照组37℃热水浴迟发后降效应不明显,42℃热水浴明显（P<0.05）。结论 在重度海水浸泡体温过低症的救治中,恰当的热水浴复温成功率大于被动复温。紧急情况下可以将热水浴作为一种复温选择,但不当的复温条件可降低救治成功率,其可能与迟发后降效应有关。     

参附注射液对海水浸泡性体温过低症大鼠的保护作用

目的研究参附注射液对海水浸泡性体温过低症大鼠血液生化指标和炎症等指标的影响及对各器官的保护作用,探讨可能的保护机制。方法将81只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组(NC,6只)、低温对照组(DC,15只)、生理盐水注射组6 h(YW6,15只)、参附注射液组6h(SF6,15只)、生理盐水注射组12h(YW12,15只)、参附注射液组12 h(SF12,15只)。NC组为正常对照组,不做任何处理;DC组是低温海水浸泡组,浸泡完毕即刻采样;SF和YW组是实验组,大鼠分别在实验前3 d每天连续腹腔注射参附注射液或者生理盐水,剂量为15 mL/kg。各实验组大鼠在15℃低温海水中浸泡5 h后再次注射,被动复温6 h和12 h后取材,记录为SF6/12和YW6/12。记录各组大鼠的死亡率,体温的降温、升温时间及速率,生理状态(呼吸、心律、肌颤、腹温),血液生化指标(谷丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)),谷草转氨酶(AST),乳酸脱氢酶(LDH),血肌酐(Cr)及器官的病理变化。结果SF组大鼠死亡率17%,YW组死亡率40%,P<0.05。SF组降温时间长于YW组,降温速度较YW短,P<0.05;相同观察时间点,SF组相比YW组的血液中炎症指标、生化指标都明显恢复更快,组织病理分析伤情较轻。结论参附注射液处理后能够降低海水浸泡性体温过低症大鼠的死亡率,改善低温大鼠生理指标、血液生化及炎症指标和脏器组织的损伤,对致伤大鼠起到保护作用。     

Effects of electrolysis time and electric potential on chlorine generation of electrolyzed deep ocean water

Electrolyzed water is a sustainable disinfectant, which can comply with food safety regulations and is environmentally friendly. A two-factor central composite design was adopted for studying the effects of electrolysis time and electric potential on the chlorine generation efficiency of electrolyzed deep ocean water (DOW). DOW was electrolyzed in a glass electrolyzing cell equipped with platinum–plated titanium anode and cathode. The results showed that chlorine concentration reached maximal level in the batch process. Prolonged electrolysis reduced chlorine concentration in the electrolyte and was detrimental to electrolysis efficiency, especially under high electric potential conditions. Therefore, the optimal choice of electrolysis time depends on the electrolyzable chloride in DOW and cell potential adopted for electrolysis. The higher the electric potential, the faster the chlorine level reaches its maximum, but the lower the electric efficiency will be.