An Unusual Cause of Mechanical Dysphagia: An Agglomerate of Calculi in a Tonsillar Residue

We report the case of a 68-year-old man affected by severe oropharyngeal dysphagia for solid food, who had undergone tonsillectomy when he was 22 years old. Videolaryngoscopy revealed a smooth-surfaced, elongated overgrowth on the left lateral pharyngeal wall that protruded toward the left pyriform fossa and impeded the transit of solid boli. A computed tomography scan showed that the solid content of the lesion was markedly inhomogeneous and denser than the surrounding soft tissues. The mass was removed by means of direct pharyngoscopy under general anesthesia. It was found that it arose from the inferior pole of the left tonsillar fossa and had a central cavity filled with caseum and multiple calculi. Histopathologic examination showed that its soft tissue component consisted of lymphoid tonsillar tissue. The operation totally resolved the swallowing disturbance. This case report highlights that tonsilloliths in a tonsillar residue should be considered in the differential diagnosis of mechanical oropharyngeal dysphagia, even in tonsillectomized patients.     

环境、食品及人体农药残留量调查

目的摸清孝感市市环境、食品及人体中农药残留量.方法从2000年至2002年对该市云梦等地外环境、食品、人体生物材料共380份样品进行了六六六(HCH)、滴滴涕(DDT)残留量检测和分析.结果菜地土残留量最高,其次是农田土、丘陵土、地表水、浅井水和深井水;食品样中,豆类、植物、油、鲜鱼、农药检出率达100%,HCH和DDT在粮食中的检出率分别为90.00%和40.00%,在蔬菜中分别为80.00%和50.00%;在鱼类中HCH的异构体按检出量排序为α>β>γ>δ,在人体脂肪和奶粉中为β>α>γ>δ,DDT异构体检出量以pp'-DDT最高,其他食品以pp'-DDE为主;人脂、血液中HCH检出率分别是93.33%和100.00%,DDT分别是100.00%和86.67%,人脂中HCH和DDT检出量最高达187.67μg/kg和298.47μg/kg.结论结果表明孝感市外环境中HCH残留量超过了绿色食品灌溉用水标准和生活饮用水卫生标准,农产品检出率为95%;食品中砷、铅、镉等重金属检出量在国家标准以内.提示该市应加大对农业环境的保护力度,严禁滥用有机氯农药,科学地使用有机磷农药,对农产品基地应采取综合措施进行农药降解,以实现从土地到餐桌的食品安全.     

生脉注射液生产过程五味子药渣中资源性物质的分析与循环利用途径探讨

目的对生脉注射液生产过程五味子药渣中多种类型可利用资源性化学成分进行分析与评价,以期为五味子药材深加工产业化过程的循环利用提供科学依据。方法对五味子药渣采用HPLC-UV法对木脂素类成分进行分析;采用碱液法提取蛋白质类成分,BCA法以牛血清白蛋白为对照测定总蛋白质质量分数;采用紫外-可见分光光度计测定中性多糖和酸性多糖的组成及质量分数;采用FIWE3/6纤维测定法测定粗纤维质量分数。结果研究表明,五味子药渣中五味子甲素、五味子乙素、五味子丙素、五味子醇甲、五味子醇乙和五味子酯甲的质量分数依次为1.442 4、3.788 0、1.350 9、4.399 3、3.231 3、0.505 3 mg/g;与原药材相比,在生脉注射液生产过程中五味子醇甲的提取利用率为20.84%;而五味子醇乙几乎未被利用而残留于药渣中;五味子甲素、五味子乙素、五味子丙素和五味子酯甲在药渣中的质量分数略高于原药材。五味子药渣中可利用生物大分子类物质分别为总蛋白质质量分数为14.69%;中性多糖质量分数为3.82%,酸性多糖质量分数为1.31%;粗纤维素类成分质量分数为43.80%。结论通过分析表明生脉注射液生产过程产生的五味子药渣中尚含有丰富的木脂素类、蛋白质类、多糖类及粗纤维素类等资源性化学物质,针对水提工艺产生的五味子药渣中可利用资源性化学物质探索性地提出了其循环利用对策与可能途径,为中药资源深加工产业化过程废弃物的资源化利用提供借鉴,为提倡和推进资源节约和环境保护发展,实现经济和生态和谐共生提供参考。     

纸片法与发酵法检测餐具大肠菌群及洗消剂残留量结果分析

目的了解鹤壁市山城区、淇滨区餐具消毒效果。方法从2011年～2013年按照食（饮）具消毒卫生标准对鹤壁市山城区、淇滨区七家餐具集中消毒单位所有546份样品,现场采样纸片法和国家标准发酵法进行比对实验,同时对用化学法消毒的餐具检测了洗消剂残留量。结果 546份比对样品除2份因方法敏感度差异造成一阴性一阳性外,其余544份样品中有5份变异系数（cv）值大于0.167,473份样品变异系数（cv）值小于0.05。结论纸片法应用于快速检测餐具大肠菌群对结果无显著影响。     

Recent Advances in Archaeological Science Techniques Special Feature: Dating the emergence of dairying by the first farmers of Central Europe using 14C analysis of fatty acids preserved in pottery vessels

Direct, accurate, and precise dating of archaeological pottery vessels is now achievable using a recently developed approach based on the radiocarbon dating of purified molecular components of food residues preserved in the walls of pottery vessels. The method targets fatty acids from animal fat residues, making it uniquely suited for directly dating the inception of new food commodities in prehistoric populations. Here, we report a large-scale application of the method by directly dating the introduction of dairying into Central Europe by the Linearbandkeramik (LBK) cultural group based on dairy fat residues. The radiocarbon dates (n = 27) from the 54th century BC from the western and eastern expansion of the LBK suggest dairy exploitation arrived with the first settlers in the respective regions and were not gradually adopted later. This is particularly significant, as contemporaneous LBK sites showed an uneven distribution of dairy exploitation. Significantly, our findings demonstrate the power of directly dating the introduction of new food commodities, hence removing taphonomic uncertainties when assessing this indirectly based on associated cultural materials or other remains.

The introduction of new food commodities into the human diet at the very beginnings of plant and animal domestication is one of the most critical questions in the Neolithization process, having far reaching consequences for human evolution and environmental change. Of major importance is milk exploitation, as it relates to animal domestication but also the ability of adult humans to digest lactose (1, 2). Clearly, identifying the beginnings of the exploitation of domesticated animals for their secondary products (i.e., those obtained during the life of animals, such as milk, wool, or blood) as opposed to primary products (i.e., those obtained by the death of the animal such as meat, skin, teeth, or horn) makes it extremely important to establish when and how dairying began (3, 4). Directly dating the introduction of a new food commodity is nonetheless challenging.Evidence for dairy exploitation in prehistory can be interpreted from iconography, diagnostic ceramics, or domesticated animal slaughter patterns based on sex and ages (3, 4). Additionally, direct evidence for dairy exploitation can be derived from lipid analyses of food residues preserved in pottery vessels. By determining the stable carbon isotope values of the two fatty acids (FAs) (C_16:0 and C_18:0) characteristic of degraded animal fats, dairy products can be distinguished from carcass products (5). Recent combined lipid residue analyses of pottery vessels and animal management assessments based on faunal remains (stable isotopes, butchery practices, kill-off patterns, and calving patterns) have provided invaluable knowledge of early dairying practices at archaeological sites. Currently, the earliest evidence for milk use from lipid residues and faunal assemblages recovered during the Neolithic was found in Anatolia during the 7th millennium BC (6), from several regions in the Balkans, eastern Europe, and the Mediterranean during the 6th millennium BC (7–12), in Saharan Africa (Libya and Algeria) during the 5th millennium BC (13–15), from the beginning of the Neolithic in Britain, Ireland, and Scandinavia during the 4th millennium BC (5, 16–19), and in the Baltic countries during the 3rd millennium BC (16). The dates of the introduction of dairying in these regions have been established largely indirectly based on associated materials (e.g., animal bone collagen, charcoal, charred seeds, etc.) recovered from the same archaeological contexts as the pottery yielding milk fat residues. However, uncertainties exist with indirect dating due to possible intrusion or residuality of datable materials, resulting from the disturbance of archaeological layers and the requirement for the datable materials to be short-lived and truly contemporaneous in date with the pottery vessels containing the dairy residues.Thus, the application of recently developed methods for the direct dating of lipids from pottery food residues offers a unique approach to obtain accurate and precise dates for the introduction of new food commodities. The direct ¹⁴C dating of dairy fat residues avoids all the aforementioned uncertainties, offering an unprecedented opportunity to accurately date the start of dairying practices. At the University of Bristol, United Kingdom, we recently reported a method for radiocarbon dating pottery vessels from their absorbed food residues. Our compound-specific radiocarbon analysis (CSRA) approach is based on the isolation of the C_16:0 and C_18:0 FAs from the clay matrix and freeing them from exogenous organic contaminants (20, 21). We have successfully applied this approach to a small number of dairy residues from the Libyan Sahara and Central Europe, with one of the oldest dated dairy residues coming from the 6th millennium in the Balkans (11, 22). Hence, this dating method offers the opportunity to directly date residues identified as dairy fats based on the compound-specific δ¹³C values of the C_16:0 and C_18:0 FAs, avoiding taphonomic uncertainties arising from dating-associated materials.In this paper, we focus on the Linearbandkeramik (LBK) culture, the first farming society in Central Europe, which emerged and expanded over much of northern Europe in the middle of the 6th millennium BC (23). This culture has been divided into five main phases: Earliest (I), Early (II), Middle (III), Late (IV), and Final (V) LBK, known as the Meier-Arendt chronology, whose timing and evolution differed in the different regions of the LBK (24). Hence, the ceramic phases discussed in the remainder of this paper use the regional and site classifications for the chronology of earliest, early, middle, and Late LBK, which are not necessarily contemporaneous. For example, phase I in Poland and phase I in Cuiry-lès-Chaudardes refer to the Earliest and Late LBK phases, respectively, in the Meier-Arendt chronology.Dairy residues were identified in varying quantities at LBK sites across Central Europe. Some sites show only a weak dairy signal (1 to 2 potsherds only), while others display much higher recovery, with over 20% of the residues displaying dairy fat molecular and carbon isotope characteristics. These results emphasize the spatial disparity in the exploitation of cattle and caprines for their milk in this period. We do not exclude the possibility that the use of organic containers other than clay vessels for dairy products at some sites may affect the overall dairy lipid recovery observed. Diachronic studies in certain regions also revealed dairy practices evolving from being nonexistent or at very low levels at LBK sites but becoming much more abundant in the following Middle Neolithic cultures [e.g., the Rössen culture in Lower Alsace, France (22) or Funnel Beaker culture at the site of Kopydłowo, Poland (25)]. Dating of dairy residues recovered from the earliest phases of the sites would provide calendar ages for the emergence of dairying between LBK regions based directly on the commodity itself rather than on associated materials. Critically, some sites cannot be dated by conventional materials due to their poor preservation, while at other sites where dairy evidence is scarce, the possibility exists for false-positive signal arising due to stratigraphic perturbations. In reporting here the application of our recently developed CSRA method to a wide range of potsherds, we begin to resolve the timing of appearance of dairying practices by LBK farmers during the Neolithic in the diverse regions of the settlements.     

复方沙棘子油栓联合聚甲酚磺溶液在宫颈LEEP术后的应用

目的探讨复方沙棘子油栓联合聚甲酚黄溶液在宫颈LEEP术后的临床疗效。方法将120例阴道镜病理回报:宫颈上皮内瘤变1-2级患者随机分成治疗组及对照组,治疗组宫颈LEEP刀治疗后宫颈用聚甲酚黄溶液1:10冲洗,后给复方沙棘子油栓一枚日一次应用,对照组,宫颈LEEP刀术后未曾特殊治疗。结果宫颈LEEP刀术后,阴道流液多,出血时间长,创面愈合时间长,复方沙棘子油栓联合聚甲酚黄溶液可减少术后阴道排液时间,缩短出血时间,促进创面愈合时间。结论复方沙棘子油栓联合聚甲酚黄溶液在宫颈LEEP治疗过程中,效果好,疗程短,复发率低。     

宁波市1999～2002年盐酸克仑特罗药物残留监测

为了解市售食品猪肉与可食组织内药物残留及违法使用盐酸克仑特罗作饲料添加剂所致的危害。1999年 3月～ 2 0 0 2年 3月 ,通过对集贸市场等有关生产经营单位进行随机取样计 2 766份 ,作酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)、气相色谱 -质谱联用法 (GC/MS)检测。结果显示 :残留物总检出率为 18 84% (5 2 1/ 2 766)、其中食品猪肉与可食组织检出率为 10 45 % (14/ 13 4) ;含量在 1 0～ 2 70 .3ng/ml之间、<5ng/ml占检出数的 83 49% (43 5 /5 2 1) ;外地与本地生猪相关样品残留物检出经比较无差异 (χ2 =3 2 5 ,P >0 0 5 ) ;2 0 0 2年检出率比上年呈非常显著下降 (χ2 =116.0 4,P <0 0 1)。对其原药监督管理与切断流通途径及打击非法制售和使用的行为是当务之急 ;对检验方法、检测限与评估标准作了粗浅的探讨     

Conformation—activity correlations for chemotactic tripeptide analogs incorporating dialkyl residues with linear and cyclic alkyl sidechains at position 2

Five stereochemically constrained analogs of the chemotactic tripeptide incorporating l-aminocycloalkane-l-carboxylic acid (Ac_nc) and α, α-dialkylglycines (Deg, diethylglycine; Dpg, N, N-dipropylglycine and Dbg, N, N-dibutylglycine) at position 2 have been synthesized. NMR studies of peptides For-Met-Xxx-Phe-OMe (Xxx = Ac₇c. I: Ac₈c. II: Deg, III; Dpg, IV and Dbg, V; For, formyl) establish that peptides with cycloalkyl residues, I and II, adopt folded β-turn conformations in CDCl₃, and (CD³)₂SO. In contrast, analogs with linear alkyl sidechains, III-V, favour fully extended (C₅) conformations in solution. Peptides I-V exhibit high activity in inducing β-glucosaminidase release from rabbit neutrophils, with ED₅₀ values ranging from 1.4–8.0 × 10–¹¹. M. In human neutrophils the Dxg peptides III-V have ED₅₀ values ranging from 2.3 × 10^?8 to 5.9 × 10^?10 M, with the activity order being V>IV>III. While peptides I-IV are less active than the parent. For-Met-Leu-Phe-OH, in stimulating histamine release from human basophils, the Dbg peptide V is appreciably more potent, suggesting its potential utility as a probe for formyl peptide receptors. © Munksgaard 1996.     

Pigmented ganglioneuroblastoma: a tumour cell ‘storage disease’?

We report a composite nodular ganglioneuroblastoma, distinctive for the presence of coarsely granular black intracellular pigment, which was histochemically indistinguishable from.melanin. Ultrastructurally, the pig-ment was resolved as numerous heterogeneous lyso-somes, containing material compatible with oxidized lipid residues, the accumulation of which may reflect. acquired lysosomal dysfunction in individual tumour cells-a tumour cell 'storage disease'.