Cocktails of Mycotoxins,Phytoestrogens, and Other Secondary Metabolites in Diets of Dairy Cows in Austria: Inferences from Diet Composition and Geo-Climatic Factors

Dairy production is a pivotal economic sector of Austrian and European agriculture. Dietary toxins and endocrine disruptors of natural origin such as mycotoxins and phytoestrogens can affect animal health, reproduction, and productivity. This study characterized the profile of a wide spectrum of fungal, plant, and unspecific secondary metabolites, including regulated, emerging, and modified mycotoxins, phytoestrogens, and cyanogenic glucosides, in complete diets of lactating cows from 100 Austrian dairy farms. To achieve this, a validated multi-metabolite liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometric (LC/ESI–MS/MS) method was employed, detecting 155 of >800 tested metabolites. Additionally, the most influential dietary and geo-climatic factors related to the dietary mycotoxin contamination of Austrian dairy cattle were recognized. We evidenced that the diets of Austrian dairy cows presented ubiquitous contamination with mixtures of mycotoxins and phytoestrogens. Metabolites derived from Fusarium spp. presented the highest concentrations, were the most recurrent, and had the highest diversity among the detected fungal compounds. Zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, and fumonisin B1 were the most frequently occurring mycotoxins considered in the EU legislation, with detection frequencies >70%. Among the investigated dietary factors, inclusion of maize silage (MS) and straw in the diets was the most influential factor in contamination with Fusarium-derived and other fungal toxins and metabolites, and temperature was the most influential among the geo-climatic factors.     

华法林钠片在健康受试者生物等效性试验中的安全性分析

目的 探讨健康受试者参加华法林钠片生物等效性试验的安全性。方法 收集2017—2020在首都医科大学宣武医院开展的4项随机、开放、四周期、交叉对照设计的华法林钠片生物等效性（BE）试验中188例受试者,比较空腹与餐后给药所发生不良事件（TEAEs）的差异及TEAEs与性别和年龄的相关性。结果 4个试验中共报告了116例次TEAEs,与试验药物相关的TEAEs 29例次,均属于轻度,主要为凝血功能指标异常（14例次）和肝功能指标异常（10例次）。餐后给药试验中肝功能指标异常的发生例次多于空腹给药试验（8∶2）,与试验药物具有相关性的TEAEs发生率出现随年龄增加而增高的趋势。结论 健康受试者参加BE试验单次口服华法林钠片的安全性良好,与试验药物相关的不良事件多与华法林的药理机制有关,年龄是不良事件发生类型和发生率的潜在影响因素。     

Prospective Comparison of Longer Needle Lengths to Assess the Risk of OnabotulinumtoxinA-Associated Neck Pain in Patients with Chronic Migraine

Background: We aimed to prospectively assess the role of needle length in improving the tolerability/safety profile of OnabotulinumtoxinA (BoNTA) for chronic migraine (CM) prophylaxis, with a specific focus on neck pain, based on patients’ body habitus and other variables. Methods: BoNTA was administered quarterly for two consecutive cycles, using the standard 0.5-inch 27 G needle at all pre-defined PREEMPT injection sites, except the left-hand side trapezius and paraspinal muscles, which were injected using longer needles of 1-inch 23 G at first and 1-inch 27 G at second infusion. Participants were interviewed at day 14 following each session for evidence of neck pain. The predictive significance of Body Mass Index (BMI) and other variables with neck pain was also examined. Results: A total of 100 consecutive CM patients were evaluated, and each patient served as her/his self-control. The incidence, duration and intensity of neck pain did not significantly differ using either 1-inch needle compared with standard 0.5-inch 27 G needle, although the incidence and characteristics of neck pain with the use of longer needles appeared slightly higher and more intense. The BMI index and other tested variables remained unrelated to neck pain. Conclusions: We were not able to identify significant differences or correlations in the incidence, characteristics and location of neck pain with the use of different needle length to inject BoNTA, although the use of the longer 1-inch needles likely increased the risk of this adverse event.     

青藤碱渗透不同动物皮肤的行为研究

目的 :建立青藤碱的透皮吸收研究方法 ,比较青藤碱渗透小鼠皮肤、裸鼠皮肤、家兔皮肤、大鼠皮肤、猪耳皮肤及人体皮肤的透皮吸收行为。方法 :青藤碱的含量测定采用HPLC法 ,计算透皮速率常数J,比较青藤碱渗透上述 6种实验皮肤的透皮速率常数。结果 :青藤碱透过 6种皮肤的透皮速率常数分别为 46 6 7± 16 35、40 34± 8 40、17 6 0± 9 46、2 3 71± 8 79、44 5 6± 11 2 7、38 33± 13 81。结论 :青藤碱对 6种皮肤的渗透性 ,以裸鼠及猪耳皮肤的透皮速率常数与人体皮肤较为接近。     

洗衣房流程管理：医院卫生与安全的重要环节

包括病号服、工作服、床单、毛巾等在内的医疗纺织品,是患者和家属最亲密接触、也是最常见的物品,其清洗消毒工作应得到医院管理者的足够重视。国际上具有代表性的EN 14065标准中提出的几项原则和要求在中国医疗系统的洗涤部门中或多或少的正在得到实践,但中国的医疗纺织品洗涤行业以及洗衣房流程管理目前还没有统一的国家标准,与国外还有一定的差距,洗衣房流程管理水平亟需提高。     

中低位直肠癌超高热切除技术临床研究

目的 探讨高频电刀超高热游离技术在直肠癌全系膜切除(total mesorectal excision,TME)术中应用的安全性、有效性及其肿瘤学预后意义.方法 对2007年1月～2009年6月该院普外科连续99例中低位进展期直肠癌根治术采用全程高频电刀超高热游离技术(A组),腹、骶前、会阴部全程高频电刀超高热游离(abdominoperineal resection,APR,37例;anterior resection,AR,62例);与同期连续121例中低位进展期直肠癌根治术采用传统解剖刀剪锐性游离技术(B组),腹、骶前、会阴部游离操作采用解剖刀剪技术(abdominoperineal resection,APR,52例;anterior resection,AR,69例)患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 A、B两组间术中出血量、手术时间、骶前引流总量、淋巴结检出数、3年局部复发率和远处复发率均差异存在显著性(P＜0.05);会阴切口感染率、腹部切口感染率均差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论 高频电刀超高热游离技术在中低位直肠癌根治性切除术中具有安全、高效和降低癌复发的优点,该技术值得推广.     

Safety,tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of single and multiple topical ophthalmic administration of imatinib mesylate in healthy subjects

For the long‐term efficacy of dry eye disease treatment, relieving underlying inflammation is necessary. Imatinib mesylate is a novel ophthalmic formulation of imatinib mesylate, which is expected to alleviate inflammation by inhibiting the discoidin domain receptor 1 activity. This study aims to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics of imatinib mesylate in healthy subjects. A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study was conducted. In a single ascending dose, 16 subjects received a single eye drop of imatinib mesylate 0.1%, 0.3%, or matching placebo. In the multiple ascending dose (MAD), subjects received multiple eye drops of imatinib mesylate 0.1%, 0.3%, or matching placebo once daily for 7 days. Safety and tolerability were assessed by ophthalmic examination, including the visual analog scale (VAS) to monitor the burning sensation in the eyes. A total of four treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) occurred during the study. All TEAEs were mildly severe with no serious cases. VAS results in the 0.1% MAD group exhibited highest score of two points, whereas it was less than one point in others. Insignificant difference between the imatinib mesylate and placebo groups in the VAS results was seen. After a single dose administration of imatinib mesylate 0.1%, all plasma concentrations were below the lower limit of quantification. The peak plasma concentrations of imatinib were less than 0.54 µg/L in all groups. In conclusion, a single and multiple topical ophthalmic administration of imatinib mesylate was well‐tolerated in healthy subjects. Because there was minimal systemic exposure to imatinib, the adverse effect in the body seems to be insignificant.     

医学影像交班系统应用效果分析

设计开发骨科适用的医学影像交班系统,采用调查问卷方式比较影像交班和传统手工书写交班方式,评估系统应用效果,结果表明该系统能够提高专科信息化管理水平。