低剂量rt-PA联合尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗早期急性脑梗死的疗效及安全性评价

目的评价低剂量重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)联合尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗对发病6h内急性脑梗死的疗效和安全性。方法选择发病6h内的急性脑梗死患者161例,其中联合溶栓组(A组)44例、单用rt-PA组(B组)37例、单用尿激酶组(C组)32例、对照组(D组)48例。评价4组治疗后28d的疗效,包括神经功能缺损评分(NIHSS)及日常生活能力指数(Barthel),同时观察再梗死率、脑出血发生率及病死率。结果 3个溶栓组与D组在28d有效率及疗效满意率的差异均有统计学意义(P0.01);3个溶栓组之间28d有效率及疗效满意率的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。4组再发脑梗死率、病死率及非症状性脑出血率的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。4组脑出血(症状性脑出血+非症状性脑出血)发生率分别为9.0%、27.0%、28.1%、4.2%,A与D组之间差异无统计学意义,A与B、A与C、B与D、C与D组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论联合溶栓治疗急性脑梗死远期疗效和单用rt-PA组、单用尿激酶相当,但脑出血发生率低于两组,因此该治疗方法是安全有效的,值得推广应用。     

护理干预对rt—PA静脉溶栓治疗的急陛脑梗死患者、治疗效果的影响

目的探讨护理干预对rt—PA静脉溶栓治疗的急性脑梗死患者治疗效果的影响。方法21例急性脑梗死患者根据溶栓方法不同分为干预组（予rt—PA静脉溶栓治疗）10例和对照组（常规治疗）11例,比较两组的疗效、并发症及护理满意度评分。结果干预组治疗后的痊愈率（60．0％）明显优于对照组（18．2％）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。干预组并发症的例数明显少于对照组（P〈0．01）。干预组服务态度、病房巡视、操作技术水平、沟通能力、病房环境各项评分均明显高于对照组,且干预组护理满意度总分为（96．8±2．1）,也明显高于对照组（80．1±3．7）（P〈0．01）。结论rt—PA静脉溶栓治疗的急性脑梗死疗效确切,同时实施有效的护理干预措施能明显降低并发症的发生率,提高患者及家属对护理人员工作的护理满意度。     

基因重组组织纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)静脉溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死34例临床研究分析

目的:观察基因重组组织纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-pa)静脉溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死(AMI)34例临床疗效.方法:对34例符合WHO规定的AMI诊断标准及符合溶栓指证的急性心肌梗死患者所采用早期rt-PA溶栓治疗的资料进行了回顾性分析.结果:冠脉再通率的发病与溶栓时间有着直接关系,rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗越早,血管再通率越高.结论:早期静脉溶栓治疗进行心肌梗死,疗效确切、安全可靠,可缩小梗死面积,改善心功能,降低死亡率.     

Phycocyanobilin promotes PC12 cell survival and modulates immune and inflammatory genes and oxidative stress markers in acute cerebral hypoperfusion in rats

Since the inflammatory response and oxidative stress are involved in the stroke cascade, we evaluated here the effects of Phycocyanobilin (PCB, the C-Phycocyanin linked tetrapyrrole) on PC12 cell survival, the gene expression and the oxidative status of hypoperfused rat brain. After the permanent bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (BCCAo), the animals were treated with saline or PCB, taking samples 24 h post-surgery. Global gene expression was analyzed with GeneChip Rat Gene ST 1.1 from Affymetrix; the expression of particular genes was assessed by the Fast SYBR Green RT-PCR Master Mix and Bioplex methods; and redox markers (MDA, PP, CAT, SOD) were evaluated spectrophotometrically. The PCB treatment prevented the H₂O₂ and glutamate induced PC12 cell injury assessed by the MTT assay, and modulated 190 genes (93 up- and 97 down-regulated) associated to several immunological and inflammatory processes in BCCAo rats. Furthermore, PCB positively modulated 19 genes mostly related to a detrimental pro-inflammatory environment and counteracted the oxidative imbalance in the treated BCCAo animals. Our results support the view of an effective influence of PCB on major inflammatory mediators in acute cerebral hypoperfusion. These results suggest that PCB has a potential to be a treatment for ischemic stroke for which further studies are needed.     

Erfolgreiche lokale Katheterfragmentation und Thrombolyse bei akuter Lungenembolie in der frühen postoperativen Phase nach Pankreaskopfresektion

Pulmonary embolism in the early postoperative period is characterized by high morbidity and mortality. Systemic application of thrombolytic agents during this time is contraindicated; operative thrombectomy also has a high mortality rate. We report a case of successful local lysis in combination with catheter fragmentation of a massive two-sided pulmonary embolism diagnosed on the 4th postoperative day after pylorus-preserving duodenopancreatectomy for distal carcinoma of the common bile duct. Thrombolysis was performed in three sessions by a combination of catheter-supported interventional fragmentation of the thrombus with local rt-PA lysis. There were no bleeding complications or disturbances of anastomotic healing. The patient was discharged from the hospital on the 23rd postoperative day after changing anticoagulation to a vitamin K antagonist. The case presented demonstrates the possibility of local lysis in combination with interventional methods as a therapeutic option for pulmonary embolism in the early postoperative period as an alternative to surgical strategies.     

Thrombolytic therapy of cerebral arterial occlusion with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator

This report describes three patients, with acute cerebral arterial occlusion, treated with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA). In one patient with basilar artery occlusion thrombolytic treatment was initiated 12 h after onset of the symptoms. In two patients with angiographically verified occlusion of the middle cerebral artery, the treatment was initiated approximately 4.5 h after onset of the symptoms. Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator 80-120 mg, was infused intra-arterially over 90-100 min via a catheter the tip of which was close to the occlusion. This regimen resulted in recanalization in all the patients; however; in two patients it was verified by repeat CT scan only. In two patients the thrombolytic treatment was successful (the patients improved clinically); the third patient died of massive cerebral infarct-related oedema. In none of the patients did significant bleeding or other obvious side-effects occur. From this preliminary report it is concluded that angiographically proven thrombolytic recanalization in acute cerebrovascular occlusion is possible with rt-PA. In some patients, however, the treatment is initiated too late. Further investigation of the possible indication for thrombolytic therapy in stroke is needed.     

Influence of the rt-PA dose (1 mg/kg versus 1.5 mg/kg) and duration of administration on the patency of infarct-related coronary arteries in 81 patients

Summary This open study compared the efficacy and side effects of two dose regimens of intravenous rt-PA initiated before the fifth hour after the onset of myocardial infarction. The first 40 patients (group A) received 1 mg/kg of rt-PA infused over 90 minutes, including a 10-mg initial bolus. The following 41 patients (group B) received 1.5 mg/kg (20-mg initial bolus, 60% over 60 minutes and 40% over 120 minutes). Noninvasive clinical, electrocardiographic, and biochemical parameters of reperfusion were recorded systematically, along with serial measurements of fibrinogen and hemoglobin levels. Coronary arteriography and left ventriculography were performed at the 48th hour or earlier, on an emergency basis, in the absence of signs of reperfusion, or if there were clinical and ECG signs of rethrombosis. Patency of the infarct-related artery (TIMI grades 2 and 3) was achieved in 55% of the group A patients vs. 83% of the group B patients (p<.01). Twelve emergency coronary arteriographies were performed in each group. No significant difference was observed in the ejection fraction (48% in group A vs. 52% in group B). The peak CPK level was similar in both groups, but the peak occurred earlier in group B (p<.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the two dose regimens in terms of reduction in fibrinogen or plasminogen levels. Two deaths occurred in group A vs. one death in group B. No cerebrovascular accidents occurred in either group. Overall, a rt-PA dose of 1.5 mg/kg administered over 180 minutes proved superior in producing patency of the infarct-related artery at approximately the 48th hour to an rt-PA dose of 1 mg/kg administered over 90 minutes, without increasing the incidence of adverse effects.     

急性脑梗死动静脉联合与单纯静脉溶栓治疗的疗效观察

目的观察急性脑梗死动静脉联合(IA/IV)与单纯静脉(IV)重组组织型纤溶酶原激活物(rtPA)溶栓治疗的临床疗效。方法对20例急性脑梗死患者分别进行IA/IV(10例)与IV(10例)溶栓治疗,治疗前后分别进行欧洲卒中量表评分(ESS)和Barthel指数(BI)评分,观察其疗效及不良反应。结果IA/IV组患者闭塞段血管均有效再通,其中8例完全再通,2例部分再通;ESS及BI评分均明显高于IV组(均P<0.01),临床总有效率IA/IV组为90%,明显优于IV组的30%(P<0.05)。结论IA/IV溶栓治疗急性脑梗死是一种安全、有效的治疗方法,效果优于IV溶栓治疗。     

轻型急性缺血性脑卒中患者静脉溶栓治疗的疗效分析

目的 探讨重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)治疗轻型急性缺血性脑卒中患者的疗效。方法 收集100例发病<4.5 h的轻型急性缺血性脑卒患者,随机分为溶栓组50例,未溶栓组50例; 溶栓组于入院后给予重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)静脉溶栓治疗,24 h后非心源性脑栓塞患者给予阿司匹林+氯吡格雷双联抗血小板聚集治疗,21d后改阿司匹林或氯吡格雷治疗,心源性脑栓塞患者给予抗凝治疗; 未溶栓组非心源性脑栓塞患者给予阿司匹林+氯吡格雷双联抗血小板聚集治疗,21d后改阿司匹林或氯吡格雷治疗,心源性脑栓塞患者给予抗凝治疗; 对所有患者入院时及治疗后第14 d、90 d分别进行NIHSS神经功能缺损评分及第90 d mRS评分,比较2组患者的疗效和预后。结果 入院时溶栓组及未溶栓组患者一般临床资料、NIHSS评分及mRS评分等比较无明显差异(P>0.05); 治疗后第14、90 d与未溶栓组患者比较,溶栓组患者的NIHSS评分及mRS评分显著降低,溶栓组患者的预后明显好于未溶栓组(P<0.05); 2组患者的颅内出血发生率、缺血性脑卒中复发率比较无明显差异(P均>0.05),且2组患者均无死亡。结论 rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗轻型急性缺血性脑卒中患者安全有效。