虹膜定位引导的SBK和超薄瓣LASIK治疗超高度近视的疗效

目的：比较分析虹膜定位引导的前弹力层下准分子激光角膜磨镶术(SBK)和虹膜定位引导的超薄瓣准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(LASIK)治疗超高度近视的疗效。

方法：超高度近视患者行虹膜定位引导的SBK治疗的患者32例64眼,行虹膜定位引导的超薄瓣LASIK治疗的患者42例84眼,年龄22～35岁,术前等效球镜屈光度-9.00～-11.00D,随访6mo观察两术式的治疗效果。观察指标包括裸眼视力(UCVA)、屈光状态、裂隙灯检查、残余角膜基质床厚度、角膜地形图、角膜厚度、角膜瓣厚度并发症。

结果：术后随访6mo,UCVA≥1.0者SBK组为93.8%,超薄瓣LASIK组为92.9%,两术式相比较差异无统计学意义; 残余屈光度在±0.50D以内者SBK组为89.1%,超薄瓣LASIK组为84.5%,两术式相比较差异无统计学意义; SBK组角膜后表面Diff值为0.046±0.012μm,超薄瓣LASIK组为0.056±0.015μm,两术式相比较差异无统计学意义; 术后SBK组角膜中央残余基质厚度为328.6±14.7μm,超薄瓣LASIK组为301.2±21.6μm,两组相比较差异有显著性(t=3.127,P=0.001); SBK组、超薄瓣LASIK组患者泪膜破裂时间(BUT)分别为11.38±4.02s和17.81±4.89s,两组相比较差异无统计学意义。术后两组患者均无严重并发症。

结论：虹膜定位引导的SBK和超薄瓣LASIK治疗超高度近视具有良好的效果,与LASIK相比SBK制作角膜瓣的预测性更好,可以降低医源性圆锥角膜发生的概率; 术后干眼症状轻、恢复更快,对于超高度近视患者来说是一种经济有效的手术治疗方式。     

Anterior segment changes after pharmacologic mydriasis using Pentacam and optical coherence tomography in angle closure suspects

AIM:To compare the dynamic changes of anterior segment parameters especially iris morphology induced by pharmacologic mydriasis between angle closure suspects and normal controls.METHODS:The study group comprised 19 eyes of 19 angle closure suspects and 19 eyes of 19 age- and sex-matched normal open-angle eyes. Pentacam and optical coherence tomography measurements before and 30min after instillation of compound tropicamide eye drop were performed and compared. Biometric evaluations of iris tomography and anterior chamber angle were estimated by a customized image-processing software.RESULTS:Baseline axial length, iris cross sectional area and volume did not differ significantly between angle closure suspects and normal controls. Angle closure suspects had smaller pupil size, narrower anterior segment dimension and axial length, thinner iris with greater curve in comparison with normal controls. Pharmacologic mydriasis led to significant increments in iris thickness at 750 μm, anterior chamber depth and volume, whereas significant decrements in iris curve, cross sectional area and volume in both groups. Angle opening distance at 500 μm was increased significantly in normal controls (from 0.465±0.115 mm to 0.539±0.167 mm, P=0.009), but not in angle closure suspects (from 0.125±0.100 mm to 0.145±0.131 mm, P=0.326). Iris volume change per millimeter of pupil dilation (△IV/△PD) decreased significantly less in angle closure suspects than normal controls (-2.47±1.33 mm² vs -3.63±1.58 mm², P=0.019). Linear regression analysis showed that the change of angle opening distance at 500 μm was associated most with the change of central anterior chamber depth (β=0.841, P=0.002) and △IV/△PD (β=0.028, P=0.002), followed by gender (β=0.062, P=0.032).CONCLUSION:Smaller iris volume decrement per millimeter of pupil dilation is related significantly with the less anterior angle opening in angle closure suspects after pharmacologic mydriasis. Dynamic iris change may be as a prospective indicator of iris compressibility and angle closure glaucoma.     

Pupil motility in long-term diabetes

Summary Employing infrared TV-videopupillography and the open loop stimulatory technique the ability of the pupil of the eye to react to rhythmic light stimuli of increasing frequencies was studied in 15 control subjects and 14 long-term juvenile diabetics. The degree of retinopathy varied from nil to proliferative changes. The visual acuity of all subjects studied was at least 6/9 and there were no ophthalmoscopic signs of retinopathy in the area stimulated by the light, thereby ensuring roughly uniform retinal sensitivity. The degree of neuropathy ranged from nil to moderate or severe as judged by vibratory perception threshold and pupil size. The pupil response (gain: fractional response to a unit light stimulus, and phase lag: latency period in number of stimulatory cycles) was the same in the group of diabetics as in the control group. The results show that the pupillary abnormalities of long-term diabetic patients (small size and a loss of spontaneous fluctuations) are probably] not due to stiffness of the iris tissues. It is suggested that diabetic autonomic neuropathy predominantly affects the sympathetic innervation to the dilator muscle, the parasympathetic innervation to the sphincter muscle being relatively spared.     

口服川芎制剂预防对比剂肾病的疗效和安全性

目的探讨上海长海医院自制川芎口服制剂头痛灵口服液在冠脉介入治疗中预防对比剂肾病(CIN)的疗效及安全性。方法将2014年4月—6月住院行择期冠脉介入的患者随机分为川芎组(113例)和对照组(109例),两组均常规水化治疗,川芎组在水化基础上加用川芎口服制剂头痛灵口服液,比较两组术后CIN的发生及川芎相关药物不良反应的情况。结果冠脉介入术后发生CIN者川芎组有5例(4.42%),对照组有13例(11.9%),两组间差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.191,P<0.05)。川芎组患者均未出现川芎相关的药物不良反应。发生CIN的18例患者在水化、碱化尿液治疗后均获恢复。结论在水化治疗基础上口服川芎制剂对冠脉介入术后CIN的发生有明显预防作用,且无明显不良反应。     

虹膜诊断研究述评

虹膜诊断为目前国内外研究热点,是遵循眼是人体的缩影、眼可以反映出人体全息的原理,观察虹膜组织形态学的动态变化,利用照虹膜分区定位图来诊断疾病的技术.虹膜诊断属于中医目诊范畴,虹膜诊断能进一步丰富中医目诊内涵,并在望目辨证中提供辨证依据.目前研究表明,虹膜特征性改变与全身疾病具有相关性,虹膜的结构受全身疾病的影响,现将虹膜诊断的研究进展进行述评.     

三七含药血清对成纤维细胞功能及VEGF、TGF-β、CollagenⅠ表达的影响

目的:探讨三七含药血清对L929成纤维细胞增殖、迁移及血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白(CollagenⅠ)表达的影响。方法:将28只SPF级SD大鼠随机分为对照组及三七低、中、高剂量组,制备血清。体外培养小鼠成纤维细胞系L929,对照组给予生理盐水血清,低、中、高剂量组给予相应的三七含药血清干预。CCK-8法检测成纤维细胞增殖,划痕实验检测成纤维细胞迁移,RT-qPCR及Western Blot分别检测VEGF、TGF-β、CollagenⅠ的mRNA及蛋白表达。结果:与对照组比较,低剂量组细胞干预24 h后OD值及干预48 h后迁移愈合百分比升高(P<0.05),VEGF、TGF-β蛋白及mRNA表达增加(P<0.05);中剂量组细胞干预24 h后OD值及干预48 h后迁移愈合百分比提高(P<0.05),VEGF、TGF-β、CollagenⅠ蛋白及mRNA表达增加(P<0.05);高剂量组细胞干预24 h后OD值及干预48 h后迁移愈合百分比降低(P<0.05),VEGF、TGF-β蛋白及mRNA表达下降(P<0.05)。与低剂量组比较,中剂量组细胞干预24 h后OD值及干预48 h后迁移愈合百分比升高(P<0.05),VEGF、TGF-β、CollagenⅠ蛋白及mRNA表达增加(P<0.05);高剂量组细胞干预24 h后OD值及干预48 h后迁移愈合百分比降低(P<0.05),VEGF、TGF-β蛋白及mRNA表达下降(P<0.05)。与中剂量组比较,高剂量组细胞干预24 h后OD值及干预48 h后迁移愈合百分比降低(P<0.05),VEGF、TGF-β、CollagenⅠ蛋白及mRNA表达下降(P<0.05)。结论:中剂量三七含药血清可促进成纤维细胞增殖和迁移,并上调VEGF、TGF-β、CollagenⅠ的表达,且疗效优于低剂量,而高剂量则抑制成纤维细胞增殖、迁移及VEGF、TGF-β的表达,不利于创伤愈合。     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子在糖尿病新生血管性青光眼虹膜组织中的表达

目的研究碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（basic fibrolast growth factor，bFGF）在糖尿病引发的新生血管性青光眼虹膜组织的表达。方法采用免疫组织化学染色方法对25例糖尿病引发的新生血管性青光眼、19例慢性闭角型青光眼和10例正常对照眼的虹膜组织进行光镜观察。结果糖尿病引发的新生血管青光眼虹膜组织bFGF阳性检出率明显高于慢性闭角型青光眼和正常对照组（P〈0．05），慢性闭角型青光眼组和正常对照组尚不能认为存在显著性差异（P=0．05）。结论bFGF在糖尿病引发的新生血管性青光眼虹膜组织中强烈表达，特别在新生血管内皮细胞中表达更为明显。     

晶状体脱位手术治疗的临床分析

目的:探讨不同手术方式治疗不同程度脱位晶状体的临床效果及安全性。方法:回顾性系列病例研究。收集2018-11/2019-05浙江中医药大学附属第一医院晶状体不全脱位合并白内障的患者11例11眼(男9例,女2例),年龄46~76(60.73±10.63)岁。其中外伤性白内障10眼,原因不详者1眼。根据脱位程度采用不同的手术方式辅助人工晶状体植入,4眼晶状体脱离范围大于270°行人工晶状体悬吊术。4眼脱离范围180°~270°行张力环植入,虹膜拉钩巩膜固定。3眼脱离范围小于180°行5-0聚丙烯线植入囊袋辅助人工晶状体植入,虹膜拉钩巩膜固定。术中视玻璃体脱出情况行前段玻璃体切除。收集患者术前术后视力、眼压。结果:所有眼球均Ⅰ期植入人工晶状体。术后视力显著提高,术前最佳矫正视力从0.77±0.26提升到0.35±0.28。术后患者眼压从24.33±13.55mmHg下降到13.85±3.80mmHg。所有患者无术中并发症发生。结论:晶状体不全脱位合并白内障的手术治疗过程中,个性化的手术方案及灵活的治疗措施,可以使得白内障手术安全、有效地进行。