天麻匀多糖的分离纯化和组成分析

生产天麻注射液剩下的残渣通过一系列处理,可得白色粉末状天麻匀多糖。经PAGE、葡聚糖凝胶层析表明为匀多糖,不含酸性多糖。红外光谱分析呈现多糖的特征吸收峰。经纸层析和气相色谱分析证明,此多糖不含杂多糖而是由葡萄糖分子组成的匀多糖。     

Diabetic dense premacular hemorrhage. A possible indication for prompt vitrectomy

A review was undertaken of nine eyes of nine patients who suffered tightly bound dense premacular hemorrhage as a complication of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Patients who did not receive vitrectomy within four weeks of the onset of the hemorrhage all progressed to late macular traction and visual acuity no better than 6/30. Of the five patients who received vitrectomy within four weeks of the onset of the hemorrhage, none developed significant late macular traction and all achieved visual acuity of 6/12 or better. It is possible that the tightly bound dense premacular hemorrhage represents an indication for vitrectomy within one month of its onset.     

The response of the isolated iris sphincter muscle of various mammalian species to substance P

Contractile responses of the isolated iris sphincter muscle from the rabbit, cow, pig, cat, dog, baboon and man to substance P were compared under isotonic conditions using carbachol as a reference standard. Iris preparations from the rabbit, pig and cow showed strong and consistent responses to substance P whilst those from the cat, dog, baboon and human eyes did not contract.     

Long-term diabetic vitrectomy results. Report of 10 year follow-up

Ten year follow-up examinations were obtained on 72 cases having pars plana vitrectomies for diabetic retinopathy complications from 1970 to 1973. Forty-two percent of the cases maintained 6/60 or better visual acuities through the tenth year. The visual results were quite stable, with 53% of the cases having the same or better visual acuities at ten years compared with six months. Neovascular glaucoma developed in 11 eyes, usually during the first six months, and open-angle glaucoma developed in 16 eyes, usually after the five-year follow-up examination. Both types of glaucoma occurred almost exclusively in aphakic eyes. Cataracts developed in 75% of retained clear lenses. The vitreous cavities remained clear in 67% of the eyes, and the maculas were attached in 65% of the eyes 10 years following vitrectomy. Fundus neovascularization did not recur.     

The development and management of neovascular glaucoma

Patients with neovascular glaucoma (NVG) often present with neovascularisation of the iris (NVI) already established and prompt energetic treatment of these patients is needed to reverse or stabilise the condition with possible retention of some visual function. In this series if the ocular media were still clear panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) caused regression of NVI in about 60% of cases and if a persistent rise in intraocular pressure (IOP) were still present this could be dealt with by drainage operation, Molteno implant or cyclophotocoagulation. If the media were already opaque or NVI did not regress then a Molteno implant or cyclophotocoagulation was used to reduce the IOP, preserving corneal endothelial function so that a comfortable eye could be obtained. Some regression of the NVI process was likely with time if the IOP were controlled by surgical treatment. Of 32 patients reviewed here, 20 patients developed NVG following a central retinal vein occlusion; in six patients NVG followed diabetic proliferative retinopathy, in five it followed arterial occlusion, and in one it followed an old traumatic retinal detachment. In those patients where NVG followed venous or arterial occlusion the common risk factors were always present. Patients were usually under treatment for their systemic condition but this treatment should be reviewed.     

An electron microscope autoradiographic study of regenerating locus coeruleus fibers into iris tissue implants in the rat mesencephalon

Following interruption, fibers from the locus coeruleus have been shown to undergo axonal regeneration and invade peripheral tissue implants in the rat brain. The aim of the present study was to analyze the ultrastructural features of this phenomenon using electron microscope autoradiography. For this, iris tissue implants were inserted in the region of the dorsal tegmental bundle (DTB) in the mesencephalon of unilaterally sympathectomized rats. Approximately 2 weeks later, rats were injected with [³H]-leucine in the ipsilateral locus coeruleus and sacrificed 2 days later. The tissue was prepared for EM autoradiography and studied after an incubation period of at least 12 weeks. The results showed that regenerating fibers from the locus coeruleus were most dense in regions of implant proximal to the DTB. Within the implants, less than one-half of regenerating axons present were labeled and, hence, of locus coeruleus origin. The labeled fibers were characteristically thin and unmyelinated. At this relatively short survival time, there was no evidence that the regenerating locus coeruleus axons formed synaptic specializations or contacts with the surrounding iris neuropil. Thus, while these observations confirm previous reports describing the regenerative capacity of central monoaminergic axons, they fail to provide anatomical evidence of the establishment of functional interactions between incoming fibers and the target tissue.     

Multiple bilateral primary cysts of the iris pigment epithelium

CASE REPORT: Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations in the case of a 57-year-old man with multiple iris cysts in both eyes. COMMENTS: Small and hidden from view, most primary iris cysts of the iris pigment epithelium remain clinically silent. Larger cysts may be noted on examination, but often remain difficult to visualize due to their location. By providing a high-resolution view of the iris and ciliary body, ultrasound biomicroscopy is a useful adjunct to the clinical examination in distinguishing primary cysts of the iris pigment epithelium from solid uveal neoplasms.     

Incidence of a Latanoprost-Induced Increase in Iris Pigmentation in Japanese Eyes

Purpose

To prospectively determine the incidence of a latanoprost-induced increase in iris pigmentation in Japanese brown iris eyes by identifying changes in iris pigmentation on a series of iris color photographs.

Methods

In a cohort study, we prospectively and consecutively enrolled 104 patients (104 eyes) with primary open-angle glaucoma or normal-tension glaucoma who began treatment with latanoprost eye drops for the first time. None of the enrolled patients had a history of previous intraocular surgery or laser surgery. Patients comprised 51 men and 53 women. Their ages ranged from 23 to 80 years (mean ± SD, 63.8 ± 10.4 years). Before and every 3 months after starting latanoprost treatment, iris photographs were taken using a slit-lamp biomicroscope with an attached camera. To identify an increase in iris pigmentation, seven glaucoma specialists independently read the series of photographs. If five of the seven observers agreed that iris pigmentation had increased, we determined that the iris pigmentation had increased from the time the previous photograph was taken. Ten normal volunteers served as controls, and photographs of their eyes were used in the evaluation of iris pigmentation. The Kaplan-Meier life table analysis was adopted to evaluate the incidence of increase in iris pigmentation during treatment with latanoprost.

Results

The Kaplan-Meier life table analysis indicated that the incidence of increased iris pigmentation at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 months after the start of latanoprost treatment was 16.3%, 34.2%, 49.5%, 58.2%, and 58.2%, respectively.

Conclusions

Latanoprost instillation for at least 1 year induced increased iris pigmentation in approximately 50% of the treated Japanese eyes, which is a considerably higher percentage than that reported in Caucasians.?Jpn J Ophthalmol 2006;50:96–99 © Japanese Ophthalmological Society 2006