早产儿视网膜病变研究新进展

早产儿视网膜病变是一种病理性新生血管增殖并伴纤维化改变的早产儿眼底疾病,是当前发展中国家和发达国家儿童可预防性失明的重要原因,其研究进展一直是眼科和儿科的临床关注热点。随着对早产儿视网膜病变发病机制更清晰的认知,其基础和临床研究日益增多,其抗血管内皮生长因子治疗及手术治疗方式较为成熟,同时多种治疗药物如胰岛素样生长因子-1、转化生长因子-β、多不饱和脂肪酸、β-肾上腺素受体阻滞剂等也取得一定进展,现就早产儿视网膜病变相关研究进展做一综述。     

糖尿病视网膜病变的流行病学、病因学与发病机制研究现状北大核心

糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)是全球工作年龄人群视力丧失的主要原因,根据国际糖尿病地图研究预测,2045年中国糖尿病患者将达1.74亿,DR正在成为全球公共卫生问题。本文就DR的流行病学、病因学、发病机制作一阐述,从DR的流行病学推测疾病将来会波及的人群数量,提醒我们要高度重视本病的预防。从糖尿病的病程发展推测可能的病因学,从氧化应激等反应来研究DR的发病机制,以便开发可靠和有力的手段识别高风险患者,并在视力丧失发生之前进行有效干预。     

The prevalence of retinopathy in subjects with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus

Purpose:  To evaluate the prevalence of and risk factors for, retinopathy in a geographically defined population with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared with a control group of subjects without diabetes, matched by age, sex and residence in order to find the retinopathy attributable to type 2 diabetes. Methods:  The study populations are, on one hand, a prevalence cohort of subjects with type 2 diabetes resident in the community of Laxå, Sweden, and on the other a control group, matched by age, gender and residence with those with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Retinopathy was graded from fundus photographs using a modification of the Early Treatment Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) adaptation of the modified Airlie House classification of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Results:  Any retinopathy was found in 34.6% in the type 2 diabetes cohort and in 8.8% in the control group without diabetes. Among the diabetic patients, any retinopathy was significantly associated with duration of diabetes (p = 0.0001), HbA1c (p = 0.0056), systolic blood pressure (p = 0.0091) and lower serum cholesterol (p = 0.0197) in multivariate logistic regression analyses. Having retinopathy in the control group was associated only with systolic blood pressure (p = 0.0014) in logistic regression analysis. Conclusions:  The prevalence of retinopathy among patients with type 2 diabetes in Laxå, Sweden, was similar or somewhat lower compared with other studies in the Nordic countries. The prevalence of retinopathy in a control group without diabetes equalled numbers from population studies worldwide. Our study indicates that the retinopathy that can be attributed to hyperglycaemia in the diabetic state is less common than is usually accounted for. A considerable fraction of retinopathy in subjects with diabetes may instead be due to other factors such as hypertension and should thus be treated correspondingly.     

芪明颗粒联合羟苯磺酸钙治疗非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变有效性及安全性的Meta分析＊

目的 系统评价芪明颗粒联合羟苯磺酸钙治疗非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变（NPDR）的有效性及安全性。方法 计算机检索CNKI、万方、PubMed、Cochrane Library等数据库，检索时间截止至2021年9月，纳入试验组为芪明颗粒联合使用羟苯磺酸钙治疗NPDR的随机对照试验，应用Revman5.3软件对文献进行分析，系统评价对总有效率、血糖指标、视力、黄斑厚度、视网膜循环时间、血清细胞因子含量以及支链氨基酸含量的影响，同时评价芪明颗粒联合羟苯磺酸钙的用药安全性。结果 最终纳入14篇RCT，共计1299例患者。Meta分析结果示：试验组相对于对照组可以有效提高临床疗效（OR=4.22， 95%CI （3.02， 5.90）， Z=8.41， P<0.01，恢复视力（MD=0.14，95%CI （0.11， 0.16），Z=9.28，P<0.01），降低空腹血糖（MD=-0.17， 95%CI （-0.33， -0.01）， Z=2.07，P<0.05）及糖化血红蛋白（MD=-0.42，95%CI （-0.73， -0.11）， Z=2.68，P<0.01），降低黄斑厚度（MD=-7.30，95%CI （-9.86， -4.74）， Z=5.59，P<0.01），缩短视网膜循环时间（MD=-0.49，95%CI （-0.74， -0.23）， Z=3.73，P<0.01），同时可以调节血清因子含量以及支链氨基酸含量，降低不良反应发生率。结论 芪明颗粒联合羟苯磺酸钙治疗NPDR有良好临床疗效，可以有效改善视力情况及视网膜循环状况，改善体内血清支链氨基酸代谢情况，够抑制NPDR患者视网膜内多种细胞因子所介导的血管新生，降低不良反应，但受纳入文献质量和数量的限制，上述结论仍需更多试验进一步验证。     

Teleophthalmology in Diabetic Retinopathy

Over the past decade, there have been rapid strides in progress in the fields of telecommunication and medical imaging. There is growing evidence regarding use of teleophthalmology for screening of diabetic retinopathy. This article highlights some pertinent questions regarding use of telescreening for diabetic retinopathy. It deals with evidence regarding accuracy of diagnosis, patients satisfaction and cost-effectiveness. The American Telemedicine Association have given certain guidelines for teleheath practices for diabetic retinopathy. The article discusses regarding these guidelines. Finally, a working model for diabetic retinopathy screening through teleophthalmology has been described. Telescreening for diabetic retinopathy seems to be a cost-effective, accurate, and reliable method for screening for diabetic retinopathy. The American Telemedicine Association has set up guidelines for telescreening that should be adhered to provide quality screening services to people with diabetes.     

康柏西普治疗增生性糖尿病视网膜病变

目的 探讨术前预防性康柏西普玻璃体腔注射对增生性糖尿病视网膜病变(PDR)手术效果的影响,并分析预后的影响因素。 方法 对2015年1月至2017年6月接受玻璃体切割术的40例(54眼)PDR患者进行回顾性分析。将术前应用康柏西普玻璃体注射的20例(26眼)为治疗组,未应用康柏西普的20例(28眼)为对照组,对比两组手术及预后效果。根据视力改善效果测评预后,通过单因素及多因素分析分析预后的影响因素。 结果 治疗组手术时间短于对照组,医源性破孔、术中出血、术中电凝、硅油填充患眼数少于对照组,差异均有统计学意义。术前两组黄斑厚度对比,差异无统计学意义;术后治疗组黄斑厚度小于对照组,差异有统计学意义。两组视网膜复位率、术后玻璃体再积血率、术后视力恢复效果对比,差异均无统计学意义。较高的术前糖化血红蛋白水平、较高的术前黄斑厚度是患者预后的独立危险因素。 结论 术前预防性康柏西普玻璃体腔注射,能够提升PDR患者玻璃体切割术效果减少术中并发症,但该措施对患者视力恢复无明显影响。