高血压领域研究进展

现对国际上关于高血压流行病学、基础研究和循证医学等的最新研究进展进行比较全面地论述。     

黄栌中漆黄素提取工艺及含量测定方法的研究进展

本文综述了近10年来黄栌中漆黄索的提取工艺和测定方法的研究进展，并对各种提取工艺和测定方法进行了评价。为更好地开发利用漆黄素提供参考。     

Action Research: a valuable research technique for service delivery development

The evaluation of healthcare practice and service delivery is fraught with difficulties. Service development and / or delivery occurs within socially dynamic settings which are in a continual state of change. Service development also often involves large elements of improvisation. The action research approach is useful for health service research, as it supports collaboration between researchers and practitioners, and not only allows but makes explicit that the action researcher has both roles within the setting being studied. This paper discusses action research methodology and offers insight into principles that favor its use for service delivery development. This includes consideration of the interactive variables within studies of health care systems and the importance of evaluating relationships between stakeholders to understand how these factors or variables, which cannot be controlled for, are responsible for successful development of the service. Action research facilitates change and helps bridge the heory--practice gap. With the current dynamic changes within both the pharmacy profession and national health services, researchers may find the action research technique of value when considering new roles and innovative ways of engaging in collaborative, multi-disciplinary working to improve delivery of patient care.Accepted july 2004     

Systematic screening for diabetic retinopathy with a digital fundus camera following pupillary dilatation in a university diabetes department.

AIMS: Screening for diabetic retinopathy (DR) is highly inadequate in France because of insufficient infrastructure and increasing disease prevalence. We describe the results of the first systematic DR screening programme established in a university diabetes department. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study conducted over 1 year, consecutive adult patients underwent three-field retinal photography with the Topcon TRC NW6S digital fundus camera following pupillary dilatation with Tropicamide 1%. A questionnaire provided information on patients' systemic and ocular history. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured at the screening visit.Two ophthalmologists graded the retinal photographs in a masked fashion. RESULTS: Of 1157 patients attending the diabetes department, 1153 (99.7%)underwent photographic screening. Images were gradable in 96% patients.Diabetic retinopathy was detected in 522 (45%) patients and sight-threatening DR in 167 (14%). Of 704 (61%) patients previously believed to have no DR,254 (34%) screened positive. The presence of DR was associated with age,insulin use and non-Caucasian ethnicity in Type 2 patients, and with duration of diabetes and HbA1c in Type 1 and Type 2 patients. Associated ocular pathologies were diagnosed in 612 (53%) patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our photographic screening programme using pharmacological mydriasis provided a high screening coverage feasible in a hospital setting. We obtained information regarding prevalence and associated risk factors of DR inpatients attending a tertiary care centre. Screening was well accepted by patients and met with no protest from city ophthalmologists. It generated considerable interest among endocrinologists and feedback of results is expected to improve optimization of glycaemic control.     

Development of the student placement evaluation form: A tool for assessing student fieldwork performance

Evaluation of students undertaking fieldwork education placements is a critical process in the health professions. As training programs and practice evolve, systems for assessing students need to be reviewed and updated constantly. In 1995, staff of the occupational therapy training program at the University of Queensland, Australia decided to develop a new tool for assessing student fieldwork performance. Using an action research methodology, a team developed the Student Placement Evaluation Form, a flexible and comprehensive criterion-referenced evaluation tool. The present paper examines action research as an appropriate methodology for considering real-life organisational problems in a systematic and participatory manner. The action research cycles undertaken, including preliminary information gathering, tool development, trial stages and current use of the tool, are detailed in the report. Current and future development of the tool is also described.     

大学新生心理健康状况的调查研究

目的　了解大学新生的心理健康状况 ,探讨提高其心理健康水平的措施。方法　采用大学生人格问卷(UPI) ,以班级为单位 ,在新生正式上课两周以后进行测试。结果　学生一类筛选率 9.2 4 %。UPI关键题选择中 ,以常常失眠占的比例最高 ,想轻生的比例最低 (P <0 .0 5 )。UPI附加题选择中 ,以自身健康方面有问题及有健康或心理卫生方面想要咨询的问题较多 (P <0 .0 5 )。选择“想轻生”的男生的比例略高于女生 ,选择“常常失眠”的女生的比例却明显高于男生 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;选择“常常失眠”、“对任何事情都不感兴趣”和“感觉自己的过去及家庭不幸”的农村学生的比例都高于城市学生 (P <0 .0 5 )。选择“想轻生”和“对任何事情都不感兴趣”的独生子女的比例明显高于非独生子女 ,而选择“自己的过去和家庭是不行的”和“常常失眠”的非独生子女的比例又明显高于独生子女 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　单亲家庭学生、残疾学生、家庭经济困难学生、独生子女学生是心理问题高危人群     

个体成长模型在纵向研究中的应用--以大学新生交往主动性为例

目的介绍个体成长模型方法对大学新生适应能力中交往主动性的3次测查数据采用普通回归模型和个体成长模型进行分析。结果个体成长模型的拟合度比普通回归模型的拟合度要好,个体成长模型可在个体水平上分析个体随时间产生的变化。结论个体成长模型具有许多优点,熟悉这种重要的分析方法对纵向数据研究者是非常有益处的。