A Rapid Review of the Factors Affecting Healthcare Students' Satisfaction with Small-Group,Active Learning Methods

Phenomenon: Problem-based learning (PBL) and other small-group, active learning methodologies have been widely adopted into undergraduate and postgraduate healthcare curricula across the world. Although much research has examined student perceptions of these innovative teaching pedagogies, there are still questions over which factors influence these views. This article aims to identify these key elements that affect healthcare student satisfaction with PBL and other small-group learning methods, including case-based and team-based learning. Approach: A systematic rapid review method was used to identify high-quality original research papers from the healthcare education literature from between 2009 and 2014. All papers were critically appraised before inclusion in line with published guidelines. Narrative synthesis was achieved using an inductively developed, thematic framework approach. Findings: Fifty-four papers were included in the narrative synthesis. The evidence suggests that, despite an initial period of negative emotion and anxiety, the perspectives of healthcare students toward small-group, active learning methods are generally positive. The key factors influencing this satisfaction level include (a) the facilitator role, (b) tutorial structure, (c) individual student factors, (d) case authenticity, (e) increased feedback, (f) group harmony, and (g) resource availability. Insights: Student satisfaction is an important determinant of healthcare education quality, and the findings of this review may be of value in future curriculum design. The evidence described here suggests that an ideal curriculum may be based on an expert-led, hybrid PBL model.     

灾后快速卫生评估信息采集系统的设计与实现

为满足灾后快速卫生评估工作时效性要求高、信息需求动态变化的需求，在流行病学动态数据采集平台的基础上，建立了灾后快速卫生评估信息采集系统，实现了数据电子化、网络化采集，以及数据统一管理等功能。     

Ambient mass spectrometry for rapid diagnosis of psychoactive drugs overdose in an unstable patient

A 25-year-old man suffered from consciousness change was sent to our emergency department by friends who reported that they were not sure what had happened to him. Physical examination revealed bilateral pupils dilatation, lethargy, slurred speech, and ataxia. Computer-aided tomographic scan of the brain revealed no definite evidence of intracranial lesions. Routine laboratory tests revealed total physiological turmoil. Despite immediate commencement of aggressive treatment, the patient's condition deteriorated long before the traditional drug screen provided an answer for the identities of the multiple drugs overdose. It ended up with the need for cardiopulmonary resuscitation, but in vain. At the end of the tragic event, under the suggestion of a colleague, a portion of the patient's urine specimen was sent to our university esoteric laboratory for rapid analysis by means of a newly-developed thermal desorption-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. Ketamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, and 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine were identified in the urine sample within 30 s. Conventional toxicological testing techniques like gas chromatography–mass spectrometry or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry are currently used for identifying abused drugs. One concern is their time-consuming sample pretreatment which leads to relatively low efficiency in terms of turnaround time for revealing the identity of the consumed drugs particularly when the patients are severely overdosed. We learned a lesson from this case that a more efficient toxicological identification technique is essential to expedite the process of emergency care when the patients are so heavily overdosed that they are under critical life-threatening conditions.     

The use of genetically modified mice in cancer risk assessment: Challenges and limitations

Abstract

The use of genetically modified (GM) mice to assess carcinogenicity is playing an increasingly important role in the safety evaluation of chemicals. While progress has been made in developing and evaluating mouse models such as the Trp53^+/?, Tg.AC and the rasH2, the suitability of these models as replacements for the conventional rodent cancer bioassay and for assessing human health risks remains uncertain. The objective of this research was to evaluate the use of accelerated cancer bioassays with GM mice for assessing the potential health risks associated with exposure to carcinogenic agents. We compared the published results from the GM bioassays to those obtained in the National Toxicology Program’s conventional chronic mouse bioassay for their potential use in risk assessment. Our analysis indicates that the GM models are less efficient in detecting carcinogenic agents but more consistent in identifying non-carcinogenic agents. We identified several issues of concern related to the design of the accelerated bioassays (e.g., sample size, study duration, genetic stability and reproducibility) as well as pathway-dependency of effects, and different carcinogenic mechanisms operable in GM and non-GM mice. The use of the GM models for dose-response assessment is particularly problematic as these models are, at times, much more or less sensitive than the conventional rodent cancer bioassays. Thus, the existing GM mouse models may be useful for hazard identification, but will be of limited use for dose-response assessment. Hence, caution should be exercised when using GM mouse models to assess the carcinogenic risks of chemicals.     

眼底炫彩成像联合光相干断层扫描对视网膜动脉阻塞快速诊断及分类

目的:探讨眼底炫彩成像(MCI)联合光相干断层扫描成像(OCT)在视网膜动脉阻塞(RAO)的快速诊断及分类中的应用。方法:对本院2018-02/2020-07诊断为RAO的患者19例19眼进行回顾性研究。所有患者在经过眼科检查后确诊为RAO,均为单眼发病,其中视网膜中央动脉阻塞(CRAO)13眼,视网膜分支动脉阻塞(BRAO)5眼,睫状视网膜动脉残留的CRAO 1眼。所有患者行最佳矫正视力、裂隙灯、OCT、MCI、FFA及视野检查及分析。结果:经裂隙灯检查,12眼(63%)出现瞳孔对光反射迟钝或消失,16眼(84%)可发现全部或部分后极部视网膜苍白水肿,10眼(53%)可发现视网膜动脉变细。行FFA检查的患者为10例(53%),其余9例未行检查,其中6例患有严重的系统性疾病,2例拒绝检查、1例有药物过敏史。所有患者经MCI及OCT检查可发现特征性眼底表现,OCT特征性改变为弥漫性内层视网膜反射增强与MCI图像绿色缺血区域形成严密的一对一关系。结论:联合MCI及OCT检查可快速确诊RAO,而且结合两者的图像特征可更精确辨认出视网膜缺血区域,有助于疾病分类及预后判断。     

X-chromosome genetic variation in São Paulo State (Brazil) population

Abstract

As data on X-chromosomal short tandem repeats (X-STRs) for the Brazilian population are scarse, the aim of this study was to determine the allele frequencies of five X-STRs (DXS6854, DXS7424, DXS101, DXS6808 and DXS7132) in the São Paulo State, Brazil. No deviations from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium were observed, with the exception of DXS101. The forensic efficiency parameters demonstrated that DXS101 was the most informative marker. Population comparisons revealed that the X-STR profile sampled in the state of São Paulo was more similar to European and African populations than Asiatic populations reported in this work.     

快速康复护理模式在骨科患者围手术期中的应用

目的研究骨科患者围手术期应用快速康复护理模式的效果。方法选取2017年5月—2019年12月本院收治的100例骨科手术患者,分为两组,各50例。对照组行常规护理,观察组行快速康复护理模式,对比两组护理满意度、运动功能评分、生活质量评分、并发症的发生情况。结果观察组的护理总满意率为98.0%,高于对照组的82.0%,P<0.05;护理后,观察组的运动功能、生活质量评分分别为(81.48±1.87)分、(90.15±1.85)分,均高于对照组,P<0.05;观察组的并发症发生率为4.0%,低于对照组的20.0%,P<0.05。结论快速康复护理模式应用于骨科患者围手术期,可有效减少并发症情况,提高患者生活质量,进而提高护理满意度。